Kursbuch A1 — Kapitel 8: Fitness, Body & Health

Chapter 8 — fitness, body parts, accidents, doctor and hospital visits, classroom phrases, and leisure.

Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural

Fit und gesund (fit and healthy)

fit — fit

Germans love saying "Ich bin fit!" A borrowed English word, so it is easy to remember. As a predicate adjective (after sein) it never changes; only before a noun does it take an ending.

Der Sportler ist fit.

The athlete is fit.

fit = fit · der Sportler (maskulin) = athlete. Predicative use (after "ist"), so "fit" takes NO ending. "Der Sportler" is the subject in Nominativ.

sportlich — sporty / athletic

Describes both a person who does a lot of sport and a casual, athletic style of clothing ("sportlich elegant"). A common compliment.

Meine Schwester ist sehr sportlich.

My sister is very sporty.

sportlich = sporty · die Schwester (feminin) = sister · sehr = very. Predicative (after "ist"), so no ending. "Meine Schwester" is the subject in Nominativ.

die Sportlerin — athlete (female)

Plural: die Sportlerinnen. The suffix "-in" turns a male job/role into the female form: der Sportler → die Sportlerin.

Nom Die Sportlerin trainiert jeden Tag.

The (female) athlete trains every day.

die Sportlerin (feminin) = female athlete · trainieren = to train. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Sportlerin is the subject.

Akk Ich sehe die Sportlerin im Fernsehen.

I see the (female) athlete on television.

sehen = to see · im Fernsehen = on TV. "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Sportlerin is the direct object.

Dat Ich spreche mit der Sportlerin.

I speak with the (female) athlete.

sprechen mit = to speak with (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "mit".

Nom Eine Sportlerin trainiert im Park.

A (female) athlete trains in the park.

der Park = park. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Ich kenne eine bekannte Sportlerin.

I know a famous (female) athlete.

kennen = to know · bekannt = famous. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ, just like "die."

Dat Der Trainer hilft den Sportlerinnen.

The coach helps the (female) athletes.

der Trainer = coach · helfen = to help (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: the article is "den" regardless of gender; Sportlerinnen already ends in -n, so no further change is needed.

gesund leben — to live healthily

A key theme of this chapter. "Gesund" (healthy) works here as an adverb, and "leben" is the verb. The opposite is "ungesund leben".

Meine Oma lebt sehr gesund.

My grandma lives very healthily.

gesund leben = to live healthily · die Oma (feminin) = grandma. "Meine Oma" is the subject in Nominativ. "Gesund" works as an adverb here, so it has no ending.

Ich esse jeden Tag einen Salat und lebe gesund.

I eat a salad every day and live healthily.

essen = to eat · der Salat (maskulin) = salad. "Einen Salat" is the direct object in Akkusativ: der → ein → einen (maskulin Akkusativ).

anziehen — to put on (clothes)

A separable verb (an|ziehen): the "an-" jumps to the end — "Ich ziehe eine Jacke an." Reflexive when dressing yourself: "Ich ziehe mich an." Opposite: ausziehen (to take off).

Das Kind zieht sich alleine an.

The child gets dressed on its own.

anziehen = to put on (separable: an…) · das Kind (neutrum) = child. "Das Kind" is the subject in Nominativ. Notice "an" moves to the end.

Ich ziehe eine warme Jacke an.

I put on a warm jacket.

die Jacke (feminin) = jacket · warm = warm. "Eine warme Jacke" is the direct object in Akkusativ: die → eine (feminin, unchanged), adjective ending -e → warme.

weitermachen — to continue / carry on

A separable verb built from "weiter" (further) + "machen" (to do): "Mach weiter!" = "Carry on!" — great encouragement during exercise or study.

Der Schüler macht weiter.

The pupil carries on.

weitermachen = to continue (separable: weiter…) · der Schüler (maskulin) = pupil. "Der Schüler" is the subject in Nominativ. "Weiter" splits off to the end.

Wir machen den Kurs nächste Woche weiter.

We continue the course next week.

der Kurs (maskulin) = course. "Den Kurs" is the direct object in Akkusativ: der → den (maskulin Akkusativ).

schaffen — to manage / to accomplish

"Ich schaffe das!" = "I can do it!" — a phrase you hear everywhere in Germany. It expresses confidence in reaching a goal.

Der Läufer schafft es.

The runner makes it.

schaffen = to manage · der Läufer (maskulin) = runner · es = it. "Der Läufer" is the subject in Nominativ.

Ich schaffe die Prüfung.

I pass the exam.

die Prüfung (feminin) = exam. "Die Prüfung" is the direct object in Akkusativ: die → die (feminin, unchanged).

egal — doesn't matter / all the same

"Das ist mir egal" = "I don't care / it's all the same to me." Note the person who doesn't care is in the Dativ: mir, dir, ihm. Raw source example: "Egal, ich schaffe das." (Whatever, I'll manage it.)

Das Wetter ist mir egal.

The weather doesn't matter to me.

egal = doesn't matter · das Wetter (neutrum) = weather · mir = to me (Dativ). "Das Wetter" is the subject in Nominativ; "egal" is predicative, so no ending.

regelmäßig — regularly

From "die Regel" (rule) + "-mäßig". Doing sport "regelmäßig" is the doctor's classic advice — raw source example: "regelmäßig Sport machen" (to exercise regularly). Opposite: unregelmäßig.

Ich mache regelmäßig einen Spaziergang.

I regularly go for a walk.

regelmäßig = regularly · der Spaziergang (maskulin) = walk · machen = to do/make. Here "regelmäßig" is an adverb (no ending). "Einen Spaziergang" is the direct object in Akkusativ: der → einen (maskulin Akkusativ).

täglich — daily

From "der Tag" (day) + "-lich". The raw source shows this word badly OCR'd as spaced-out letters ("t a g l i c h") — it is "täglich". Same pattern: wöchentlich (weekly), jährlich (yearly).

Ich trinke täglich einen Liter Wasser.

I drink a litre of water daily.

täglich = daily · der Liter (maskulin) = litre. Here "täglich" is an adverb (no ending). "Einen Liter" is the direct object in Akkusativ: der → einen (maskulin Akkusativ).

faul — lazy

Also appears badly OCR'd in the raw source as "f a u l". "Faul" also means "rotten" for fruit. For people it means lazy — opposite of "fleißig" (hard-working).

Mein Bruder ist faul.

My brother is lazy.

faul = lazy · der Bruder (maskulin) = brother. "Mein Bruder" is the subject in Nominativ; "faul" is predicative, so NO ending.

aktiv — active

An international word, easy to recognise. Opposite: passiv. "Aktiv bleiben" (to stay active) is common health advice, especially for older people.

Meine Großmutter ist sehr aktiv.

My grandmother is very active.

aktiv = active · die Großmutter (feminin) = grandmother. Predicative (after "ist"), so NO ending. "Meine Großmutter" is the subject in Nominativ.

gefährlich — dangerous

From "die Gefahr" (danger). "Vorsicht, gefährlich!" is a warning you may see on signs.

Der Sport ist gefährlich.

The sport is dangerous.

gefährlich = dangerous · der Sport (maskulin) = sport. "Der Sport" is the subject in Nominativ; "gefährlich" is predicative, so NO ending.

müde — tired

"Ich bin müde" is one of the first feelings you learn to express.

Ich bin sehr müde.

I am very tired.

müde = tired · sehr = very. Predicative (after "bin"), so no ending. "Ich" is the subject in Nominativ.

hungrig — hungry

From "der Hunger" (hunger). Careful: "I am hungry" is usually "Ich habe Hunger," but "hungrig" is the adjective form: "das hungrige Kind".

Das Baby ist hungrig.

The baby is hungry.

hungrig = hungry · das Baby (neutrum) = baby. "Das Baby" is the subject in Nominativ; "hungrig" is predicative, so NO ending.

richtig — correct / right / really

"Richtig!" alone means "Correct!" — a teacher's favourite word. Opposite: falsch. It also works as an intensifier, exactly as in the raw source's own example: "Ich bin richtig hungrig" (I'm really hungry).

Ich bin richtig hungrig.

I'm really hungry.

richtig = really (intensifier here) · hungrig = hungry. "Richtig" strengthens the adjective that follows it, similar to "sehr" (very).

vergessen, er vergisst — to forget

An irregular verb with a vowel change: ich vergesse, du vergisst, er/sie vergisst. Very useful at the doctor: "Ich habe das Rezept vergessen."

Der Mann vergisst alles.

The man forgets everything.

vergessen = to forget (er vergisst) · der Mann (maskulin) = man. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Mann is the subject.

Ich vergesse das Rezept nie.

I never forget the prescription.

das Rezept (neutrum) = prescription · nie = never. "Das" — neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Rezept is the direct object.

vermissen — to miss (someone/something)

Use this for missing a person or place — "Ich vermisse dich" = "I miss you." To miss a bus is "den Bus verpassen" — don't mix them up!

Meine Mutter vermisst mich.

My mother misses me.

vermissen = to miss · die Mutter (feminin) = mother · mich = me (Akkusativ). "Meine Mutter" is the subject in Nominativ.

Ich vermisse meinen Freund.

I miss my friend.

der Freund (maskulin) = friend. "Meinen Freund" is the direct object in Akkusativ: der → mein → meinen (maskulin Akkusativ takes -en).

die Süßigkeit — candy / sweet

Plural: die Süßigkeiten. From "süß" (sweet) + "-keit" (which always makes a feminin noun). In this health chapter, the advice is to eat fewer of them!

Nom Die Süßigkeit ist zu süß.

The sweet is too sweet.

die Süßigkeit (feminin) = sweet · zu süß = too sweet. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Süßigkeit is the subject.

Akk Das Kind isst die Süßigkeit schnell.

The child eats the sweet quickly.

essen = to eat · schnell = quickly. "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Süßigkeit is the direct object.

Dat Mit der Süßigkeit mache ich das Kind glücklich.

With the sweet I make the child happy.

glücklich = happy · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "mit".

Nom Eine Süßigkeit liegt auf dem Tisch.

A sweet is lying on the table.

der Tisch = table. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Das Kind isst eine Süßigkeit.

The child eats a sweet.

essen = to eat. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ, just like "die."

Dat Wir sprechen von den Süßigkeiten.

We talk about the sweets.

sprechen von = to talk about (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: the article is "den" regardless of gender; Süßigkeiten already ends in -n, so no further change is needed.

mindestens — at least

"Mindestens" gives a minimum: "Trink mindestens zwei Liter Wasser!" Opposite: "höchstens" (at most).

Der Kurs dauert mindestens eine Stunde.

The course lasts at least an hour.

mindestens = at least · der Kurs (maskulin) = course · dauern = to last. "Der Kurs" is the subject in Nominativ. "Mindestens" is an adverb, so it never changes.

Persönliche Angaben (personal details)

das Alter — age

Used only in the singular (Sg.). "Wie alt bist du?" asks your age. Don't confuse it with "das Altertum" (antiquity) or the comparative "älter" (older).

Nom Das Alter ist nur eine Zahl.

Age is just a number.

das Alter (neutrum) = age · nur = only · die Zahl = number. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Alter is the subject.

Akk Der Arzt fragt das Alter.

The doctor asks (for) the age.

der Arzt = doctor · fragen = to ask. "Das" stays "das" in neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Alter is the direct object.

Dat In dem Alter braucht man viel Schlaf.

At that age one needs a lot of sleep.

brauchen = to need · der Schlaf = sleep · in = in/at (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "in".

die Größe — size / height

Plural: die Größen. From "groß" (big) + "-e". It means both a person's height and a clothing/shoe size ("Welche Größe haben Sie?").

Nom Meine Größe ist 1,80 Meter.

My height is 1.80 metres.

die Größe (feminin) = height/size · der Meter = metre. "Meine Größe" is the subject in Nominativ (die → meine).

Akk Der Verkäufer fragt die Größe.

The salesperson asks (for) the size.

der Verkäufer = salesperson · fragen = to ask. "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Größe is the direct object.

Dat Ich suche eine Hose in der Größe 40.

I am looking for trousers in size 40.

die Hose = trousers · suchen = to look for · in = in (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "in".

Nom Eine Größe fehlt in der Liste.

A size is missing from the list.

fehlen = to be missing · die Liste = list. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Ich brauche eine andere Größe.

I need a different size.

brauchen = to need · ander- = different/other. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Der Verkäufer hilft bei den Größen.

The salesperson helps with the sizes.

helfen bei = to help with (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Größen already ends in -n, so no further change is needed.

das Gewicht — weight

Used mainly in the singular (Sg.). Related to the verb "wiegen" (to weigh). In German, weight is measured in kilos and grams — never pounds.

Nom Das Gewicht ist wichtig für die Gesundheit.

Weight is important for health.

das Gewicht (neutrum) = weight · wichtig = important · die Gesundheit = health. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Gewicht is the subject.

Akk Der Arzt kontrolliert das Gewicht.

The doctor checks the weight.

kontrollieren = to check. "Das" stays "das" in neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Gewicht is the direct object.

Dat Mit dem Gewicht bin ich zufrieden.

I am happy with the weight.

zufrieden = satisfied · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "mit".

wiegen — to weigh

"Wie viel wiegst du?" = "How much do you weigh?" The reflexive "sich wiegen" means to weigh oneself.

Das Baby wiegt drei Kilo.

The baby weighs three kilos.

wiegen = to weigh · das Baby (neutrum) = baby. "Das Baby" is the subject in Nominativ.

Der Arzt wiegt das Kind.

The doctor weighs the child.

der Arzt = doctor · das Kind (neutrum) = child. "Das Kind" is the direct object in Akkusativ: das → das (neutrum, unchanged).

schwer — heavy / difficult

Two meanings: physically heavy, and difficult ("eine schwere Prüfung"). Raw source example: "Wie schwer ist er?" (How heavy is he?) — a question you'll hear when talking about a baby's weight.

Der Koffer ist schwer.

The suitcase is heavy.

schwer = heavy · der Koffer (maskulin) = suitcase. "Der Koffer" is the subject in Nominativ; "schwer" is predicative, so NO ending.

Körperteile (body parts)

der Körper — body

Plural: die Körper (unchanged). Gives "die Körperteile" (body parts) — the title of this section.

Nom Der Körper braucht Bewegung.

The body needs movement.

der Körper (maskulin) = body · brauchen = to need · die Bewegung = movement. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Körper is the subject.

Akk Sport trainiert den Körper.

Sport trains the body.

der Sport = sport · trainieren = to train. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Körper is the direct object.

Dat In dem Körper steckt viel Energie.

There is a lot of energy in the body.

stecken = to be (inside) · die Energie = energy · in = in (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "in".

Nom Ein Körper braucht Ruhe.

A body needs rest.

die Ruhe = rest. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."

Akk Sport stärkt einen Körper.

Sport strengthens a body.

stärken = to strengthen. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen), mirroring der → den.

Dat Man sieht den Unterschied an den Körpern der Athleten.

One can see the difference in the athletes' bodies.

der Unterschied = difference · an = on/in (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Körper adds "-n" (Körper → Körpern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.

der Kopf — head

Plural: die Köpfe (umlaut). Germans say "Kopf hoch!" (chin up!) to encourage someone.

Nom Der Kopf tut mir weh.

My head hurts.

der Kopf (maskulin) = head · wehtun = to hurt · mir = me (Dativ). "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Kopf is the subject doing the hurting.

Akk Er bewegt den Kopf nach links.

He moves his head to the left.

bewegen = to move · nach links = to the left. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Kopf is the direct object.

Dat Sie hat eine Wunde an dem Kopf.

She has a wound on her head.

die Wunde = wound · an = on/at (+ Dativ for location). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "an".

Nom Ein Kopf schmerzt oft nach dem Sport.

A head often aches after sport.

schmerzen = to ache. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."

Akk Die Mutter hält einen kleinen Kopf.

The mother holds a little head.

halten = to hold · klein = small. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen), mirroring der → den.

Dat Die Kinder tragen Mützen auf den Köpfen.

The children wear hats on their heads.

die Mütze = hat · tragen = to wear · auf = on (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Kopf takes the umlaut plural Köpfe and adds "-n" → Köpfen.

der Hals — throat / neck

Plural: die Hälse (umlaut). "Halsschmerzen" (a sore throat) is a classic cold symptom. "Hals über Kopf" (headlong, in a great rush).

Nom Der Hals tut weh.

The throat hurts.

der Hals (maskulin) = throat · wehtun = to hurt. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Hals is the subject.

Akk Der Doktor untersucht den Hals.

The doctor examines the throat.

der Doktor = doctor · untersuchen = to examine. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Hals is the direct object.

Dat Ich habe Schmerzen in dem Hals.

I have pain in my throat.

der Schmerz = pain · in = in (+ Dativ for location). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "in".

Nom Ein Hals tut bei einer Erkältung oft weh.

A throat often hurts with a cold.

die Erkältung = cold. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."

Akk Der Arzt untersucht einen roten Hals.

The doctor examines a red throat.

rot = red. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen), mirroring der → den.

Dat Die Kette hängt an den Hälsen der Tänzerinnen.

The necklace hangs on the dancers' necks.

die Kette = necklace · hängen = to hang · an = on (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Hals takes the umlaut plural Hälse and adds "-n" → Hälsen.

der Bauch — stomach / belly

Plural: die Bäuche (umlaut). "Bauchschmerzen" (stomach pains) is one of the most common complaints at the doctor.

Nom Der Bauch ist voll.

The stomach is full.

der Bauch (maskulin) = stomach · voll = full. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Bauch is the subject.

Akk Der Doktor untersucht den Bauch.

The doctor examines the stomach.

untersuchen = to examine. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Bauch is the direct object.

Dat Ich habe Schmerzen in dem Bauch.

I have pain in my stomach.

der Schmerz = pain · in = in (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "in".

Nom Ein Bauch tut nach dem Essen manchmal weh.

A stomach sometimes hurts after eating.

das Essen = food/meal · manchmal = sometimes. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Der Arzt untersucht einen kranken Bauch.

The doctor examines a sick stomach.

krank = sick. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Die Schmerzen sind in den Bäuchen der Patienten.

The pains are in the patients' stomachs.

der Patient = patient. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Bauch takes the umlaut plural Bäuche and adds "-n" → Bäuchen.

der Rücken — back

Plural: die Rücken (unchanged). Back pain (Rückenschmerzen) is Germany's most common health complaint.

Nom Der Rücken tut weh.

The back hurts.

der Rücken (maskulin) = back · wehtun = to hurt/ache. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Rücken is the subject.

Akk Du musst den Rücken gerade halten.

You must keep your back straight.

müssen = must · gerade halten = to hold straight. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Rücken is the direct object.

Dat Die Salbe hilft bei dem Rücken.

The ointment helps with the back.

die Salbe = ointment · helfen bei = to help with (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "bei".

Nom Ein Rücken braucht viel Bewegung.

A back needs a lot of movement.

die Bewegung = movement. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Ich massiere einen verspannten Rücken.

I massage a tense back.

massieren = to massage · verspannt = tense. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Die Physiotherapeutin arbeitet an den Rücken der Patienten.

The physiotherapist works on the patients' backs.

arbeiten an = to work on (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Rücken already ends in -n, so no further change is needed.

der Arm — arm

Plural: die Arme. Same spelling as English "arm" — easy to remember! Careful: the adjective "arm" means "poor," but "der Arm" (the body part) is a noun.

Nom Der Arm ist gebrochen.

The arm is broken.

der Arm (maskulin) = arm · gebrochen = broken. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Arm is the subject.

Akk Ich hebe den Arm.

I raise my arm.

heben = to raise/lift. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Arm is the direct object.

Dat Das Baby liegt auf dem Arm der Mutter.

The baby lies in the mother's arm.

liegen = to lie · auf = on (+ Dativ for location). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "auf".

Nom Ein Arm ist nach dem Sturz blau.

An arm is bruised after the fall.

der Sturz = fall. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Der Arzt untersucht einen verletzten Arm.

The doctor examines an injured arm.

verletzt = injured. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Das Baby liegt sicher in den Armen der Mutter.

The baby lies safely in the mother's arms.

sicher = safely. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Arm adds "-n" (Arm → Arme → Armen).

die Hand — hand

Plural: die Hände (umlaut). In Germany, you shake hands (die Hand geben) when meeting someone for the first time.

Nom Die Hand ist verletzt.

The hand is injured.

die Hand (feminin) = hand · verletzt = injured. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Hand is the subject.

Akk Ich bewege die Hand langsam.

I move my hand slowly.

bewegen = to move · langsam = slowly. "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Hand is the direct object.

Dat Er hat ein Pflaster auf der Hand.

He has a plaster on his hand.

das Pflaster = plaster · auf = on (+ Dativ for location). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "auf".

Nom Eine Hand ist kälter als die andere.

One hand is colder than the other.

kalt = cold · als = than. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Der Arzt untersucht eine kleine Hand.

The doctor examines a small hand.

klein = small. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Er trägt das Baby mit beiden Händen.

He carries the baby with both hands.

tragen = to carry · beide = both · mit = with (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article implied by "beiden"; Hand takes the umlaut plural Hände and adds "-n" → Händen.

der Finger — finger

Plural: die Finger (unchanged). Spelled like English "finger" but pronounced with a hard g. "Daumen drücken" (press thumbs) is the German way of saying "fingers crossed".

Nom Der Finger blutet.

The finger is bleeding.

der Finger (maskulin) = finger · bluten = to bleed. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Finger is the subject.

Akk Ich verletze den Finger.

I hurt my finger.

verletzen = to injure. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Finger is the direct object.

Dat An dem Finger trage ich einen Ring.

I wear a ring on my finger.

der Ring = ring · tragen = to wear · an = on (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "an".

Nom Ein Finger blutet stark.

A finger is bleeding heavily.

stark = heavily/strongly. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Ich verletze mir einen Finger beim Kochen.

I hurt a finger while cooking.

mir = myself (Dativ) · kochen = to cook. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Sie trägt Ringe an mehreren Fingern.

She wears rings on several fingers.

mehrere = several. Plural Dativ: implied article; Finger adds "-n" → Fingern since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.

das Bein — leg

Plural: die Beine. Don't confuse "das Bein" (leg) with English "bone"! "Hals- und Beinbruch!" is the German way to wish good luck.

Nom Das Bein tut weh.

The leg hurts.

das Bein (neutrum) = leg · wehtun = to hurt. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Bein is the subject.

Akk Der Sportler bricht das Bein.

The athlete breaks his leg.

der Sportler = athlete · brechen = to break. "Das" stays "das" in neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Bein is the direct object.

Dat Auf dem Bein habe ich eine Wunde.

I have a wound on my leg.

die Wunde = wound · auf = on (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "auf".

Nom Ein Bein ist nach dem Unfall gebrochen.

A leg is broken after the accident.

der Unfall = accident · gebrochen = broken. "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Der Arzt röntgt ein gebrochenes Bein.

The doctor x-rays a broken leg.

röntgen = to x-ray. "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Der Hund läuft schnell auf seinen vier Beinen.

The dog runs quickly on its four legs.

laufen = to run. Plural Dativ: article shown by "seinen"; Bein adds "-n" (Bein → Beine → Beinen).

das Knie — knee

Plural: die Knie (spelled the same). The K is pronounced: "k-nee." A common spot for sports injuries.

Nom Das Knie ist dick.

The knee is swollen.

das Knie (neutrum) = knee · dick = thick/swollen. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Knie is the subject.

Akk Ich verletze das Knie beim Sport.

I hurt my knee doing sport.

verletzen = to injure. "Das" stays "das" in neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Knie is the direct object.

Dat Auf dem Knie trage ich ein Pflaster.

I wear a plaster on my knee.

das Pflaster = plaster · auf = on (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "auf".

Nom Ein Knie schmerzt beim Laufen.

A knee hurts while running.

schmerzen = to hurt · laufen = to run. "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Ich verletze mir ein Knie beim Fußball.

I hurt a knee playing football.

mir = myself (Dativ). "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.

Dat Das Kind sitzt auf den Knien der Oma.

The child sits on grandma's knees.

sitzen = to sit · die Oma = grandma. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Knie adds "-n" → Knien since it doesn't end in -n or -s.

der Fuß — foot

Plural: die Füße (umlaut). "Fußball" (football) is Germany's most popular sport — literally "foot-ball."

Nom Der Fuß ist geschwollen.

The foot is swollen.

der Fuß (maskulin) = foot · geschwollen = swollen. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Fuß is the subject.

Akk Ich kann den Fuß nicht bewegen.

I cannot move the foot.

können = can · bewegen = to move. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Fuß is the direct object.

Dat Sie hat einen Verband an dem Fuß.

She has a bandage on her foot.

der Verband = bandage · an = on/at (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "an".

Nom Ein Fuß ist geschwollen nach dem Lauf.

A foot is swollen after the run.

der Lauf = run. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Sie verletzt sich einen Fuß beim Tanzen.

She hurts a foot while dancing.

sich verletzen = to hurt oneself · tanzen = to dance. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Die Schuhe passen gut an den Füßen.

The shoes fit well on the feet.

der Schuh = shoe · passen = to fit. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Fuß takes the umlaut plural Füße and adds "-n" → Füßen.

das Gesicht — face

Plural: die Gesichter. Related to "sehen" (to see) — the face is where the eyes are. "Ein langes Gesicht machen" = to pull a long face.

Nom Das Gesicht ist rot.

The face is red.

das Gesicht (neutrum) = face · rot = red. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Gesicht is the subject.

Akk Ich wasche das Gesicht.

I wash my face.

waschen = to wash. "Das" stays "das" in neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Gesicht is the direct object.

Dat In dem Gesicht sehe ich ihre Freude.

I see her joy in her face.

die Freude = joy · in = in (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "in".

Nom Ein Gesicht zeigt viele Gefühle.

A face shows many feelings.

zeigen = to show · das Gefühl = feeling. "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Ich sehe ein trauriges Gesicht.

I see a sad face.

traurig = sad. "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.

Dat Man erkennt die Freude in den Gesichtern der Kinder.

One can see the joy in the children's faces.

erkennen = to recognise. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Gesicht takes the plural Gesichter and adds "-n" → Gesichtern.

der Mund — mouth

Plural: die Münder (umlaut). At the dentist you will hear "Machen Sie den Mund auf!" (Open your mouth!)

Nom Der Mund ist trocken.

The mouth is dry.

der Mund (maskulin) = mouth · trocken = dry. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Mund is the subject.

Akk Der Zahnarzt öffnet den Mund.

The dentist opens the mouth.

der Zahnarzt = dentist · öffnen = to open. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Mund is the direct object.

Dat In dem Mund habe ich Schmerzen.

I have pain in my mouth.

der Schmerz = pain · in = in (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "in".

Nom Ein Mund braucht regelmäßige Pflege.

A mouth needs regular care.

die Pflege = care. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Der Zahnarzt öffnet einen kleinen Mund.

The dentist opens a small mouth.

klein = small. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Die Kinder lächeln mit offenen Mündern.

The children smile with open mouths.

lächeln = to smile · offen = open · mit = with (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: Mund takes the umlaut plural Münder and adds "-n" → Mündern.

der Zahn — tooth

Plural: die Zähne (umlaut). Going to the dentist (Zahnarzt) in Germany is covered by public health insurance. "Zähne putzen" = to brush teeth.

Nom Der Zahn tut sehr weh.

The tooth hurts a lot.

der Zahn (maskulin) = tooth · wehtun = to hurt. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Zahn is the subject.

Akk Wir putzen den Zahn täglich.

We brush the tooth daily.

putzen = to brush/clean · täglich = daily. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Zahn is the direct object.

Dat Der Doktor hilft mir mit dem Zahn.

The doctor helps me with the tooth.

helfen = to help (+ Dativ) · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "mit".

Nom Ein Zahn tut seit gestern weh.

A tooth has hurt since yesterday.

seit gestern = since yesterday. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Der Zahnarzt zieht einen kranken Zahn.

The dentist pulls a bad tooth.

ziehen = to pull · krank = sick/bad. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Er hat Schmerzen an den Zähnen.

He has pain in his teeth.

an = at/in (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Zahn takes the umlaut plural Zähne and adds "-n" → Zähnen.

das Auge — eye

Plural: die Augen. The idiom "unter vier Augen" (under four eyes) means "in private" — just between two people.

Nom Das Auge ist rot.

The eye is red.

das Auge (neutrum) = eye · rot = red. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Auge is the subject.

Akk Der Doktor untersucht das Auge.

The doctor examines the eye.

untersuchen = to examine. "Das" stays "das" in neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Auge is the direct object.

Dat Ich habe Schmerzen in dem Auge.

I have pain in my eye.

in = in (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "in".

Nom Ein Auge ist rot und müde.

An eye is red and tired.

müde = tired. "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Der Arzt untersucht ein trockenes Auge.

The doctor examines a dry eye.

trocken = dry. "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.

Dat Man sieht die Müdigkeit in den Augen.

One can see the tiredness in the eyes.

die Müdigkeit = tiredness. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Auge → Augen already ends in -n, so no further change is needed.

das Ohr — ear

Plural: die Ohren. "Ich bin ganz Ohr" = "I'm all ears." Careful not to confuse with "das Rohr" (pipe).

Nom Das Ohr tut weh.

The ear hurts.

das Ohr (neutrum) = ear · wehtun = to hurt. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Ohr is the subject.

Akk Der Doktor untersucht das Ohr.

The doctor examines the ear.

untersuchen = to examine. "Das" stays "das" in neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Ohr is the direct object.

Dat In dem Ohr habe ich Schmerzen.

I have pain in my ear.

der Schmerz = pain. "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "in".

Nom Ein Ohr tut seit der Erkältung weh.

An ear has hurt since the cold.

die Erkältung = cold. "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Der Arzt untersucht ein entzündetes Ohr.

The doctor examines an inflamed ear.

entzündet = inflamed. "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.

Dat Die Kopfhörer sitzen gut an den Ohren.

The headphones sit well on the ears.

der Kopfhörer = headphone · sitzen = to sit/fit · an = on (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Ohr → Ohren already ends in -n.

die Nase — nose

Plural: die Nasen. "Die Nase läuft" (the nose runs) is what you say when you have a cold. "Die Nase voll haben" means to be fed up.

Nom Die Nase läuft.

The nose is running.

die Nase (feminin) = nose · laufen = to run. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Nase is the subject.

Akk Ich putze die Nase.

I blow my nose.

putzen = to clean/blow. "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Nase is the direct object.

Dat Aus der Nase kommt Blut.

Blood is coming out of the nose.

das Blut = blood · aus = out of (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "aus".

Nom Eine Nase läuft bei einer Erkältung.

A nose runs with a cold.

die Erkältung = cold. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Das Kind putzt sich eine verstopfte Nase.

The child blows a stuffy nose.

verstopft = stuffy/blocked. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Im Winter ist die Kälte an den Nasen zu sehen.

In winter, the cold is visible on the noses.

die Kälte = cold(ness) · an = on (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Nase → Nasen already ends in -n.

riechen — to smell

Works both ways: something smells (die Blume riecht gut) and you smell something (ich rieche den Kaffee). To smell at something: "riechen an" (+ Dativ).

Die Blume riecht gut.

The flower smells good.

riechen = to smell · die Blume (feminin) = flower. "Die Blume" is the subject in Nominativ.

Ich rieche den Kaffee.

I smell the coffee.

der Kaffee (maskulin) = coffee. "Den Kaffee" is the direct object in Akkusativ: der → den (maskulin Akkusativ).

das Haar — hair

Plural: die Haare. Germans often use the plural for the hair on your head. "Sich die Haare waschen" = to wash one's hair.

Nom Das Haar ist lang.

The hair is long.

das Haar (neutrum) = hair · lang = long. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Haar is the subject.

Akk Sie wäscht das Haar.

She washes her hair.

waschen = to wash. "Das" stays "das" in neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Haar is the direct object.

Dat In dem Haar trägt sie eine Blume.

She wears a flower in her hair.

die Blume = flower · tragen = to wear · in = in (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "in".

Nom Ein Haar liegt auf dem Pullover.

A hair is lying on the sweater.

der Pullover = sweater. "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Ich finde ein graues Haar.

I find a gray hair.

finden = to find · grau = gray. "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.

Dat Der Wind spielt in den Haaren der Kinder.

The wind plays in the children's hair.

der Wind = wind · spielen = to play. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Haar adds "-n" (Haar → Haare → Haaren).

Nach dem Unfall (after the accident)

der Unfall — accident

Plural: die Unfälle (umlaut). If you witness an accident in Germany, call 112 (the European emergency number).

Nom Der Unfall war gestern.

The accident was yesterday.

der Unfall (maskulin) = accident · war = was · gestern = yesterday. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Unfall is the subject.

Akk Wir hatten den Unfall am Montag.

We had the accident on Monday.

hatten = had (past of haben) · am Montag = on Monday. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Unfall is the direct object.

Dat Nach dem Unfall gehe ich zum Doktor.

After the accident I go to the doctor.

nach = after (+ Dativ) · zum = zu dem (to the). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "nach".

Nom Ein Unfall passiert schnell.

An accident happens quickly.

passieren = to happen · schnell = quickly. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Wir sehen einen schweren Unfall auf der Straße.

We see a serious accident on the street.

schwer = serious/heavy · die Straße = street. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Die Polizei hilft bei den Unfällen auf der Autobahn.

The police help with the accidents on the motorway.

die Polizei = police · helfen bei = to help with (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Unfall takes the umlaut plural Unfälle and adds "-n" → Unfällen.

der/die Verletzte — injured person

Plural: die Verletzten. This is an adjectival noun (from "verletzt" = injured), so it declines like an adjective: der Verletzte (male), die Verletzte (female), plural die Verletzten — the ending changes with the case, even after "der".

Nom Der Verletzte liegt auf der Straße.

The injured man lies on the street.

der/die Verletzte = injured person · liegen = to lie · die Straße = street. "Der Verletzte" is the subject in Nominativ; the adjectival-noun ending is -e here (maskulin Nom after "der").

Akk Der Arzt untersucht den Verletzten.

The doctor examines the injured man.

untersuchen = to examine. "Den Verletzten" — maskulin Akkusativ (der → den), and the adjectival noun takes -en. He is the direct object.

Dat Wir helfen dem Verletzten.

We help the injured man.

helfen = to help (+ Dativ). "Dem Verletzten" — maskulin Dativ (der → dem), with the adjectival-noun ending -en. He is the Dativ object of "helfen".

verletzt — injured / hurt

The past participle of "verletzen" (to injure), used as an adjective. Predicative it has no ending; before a noun it takes the usual adjective endings.

Der Mann ist verletzt.

The man is injured.

verletzt = injured · der Mann (maskulin) = man. "Der Mann" is the subject in Nominativ; "verletzt" is predicative, so NO ending.

wehtun — to hurt / to ache

A separable verb (weh|tun): "weh" splits off — "Der Kopf tut weh." The person who feels the pain is in the Dativ: "Mir tut der Kopf weh." Raw source's own example: "es tut weh."

Der Rücken tut weh.

The back hurts.

wehtun = to hurt (separable: … weh) · der Rücken (maskulin) = back. "Der Rücken" is the subject in Nominativ — it is the thing doing the hurting. "Weh" splits to the end.

Dem Kind tut der Bauch weh.

The child's stomach hurts.

das Kind (neutrum) = child · der Bauch = stomach. The person who feels the pain goes in the Dativ: "dem Kind" (das → dem, neutrum Dativ). The stomach (Nominativ) is what hurts.

der Schmerz — pain

Plural: die Schmerzen. At the doctor, you'll often hear "Haben Sie Schmerzen?" (Do you have pain?). The plural is used more often than the singular.

Nom Der Schmerz ist stark.

The pain is strong.

der Schmerz (maskulin) = pain · stark = strong. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Schmerz is the subject.

Akk Ich fühle den Schmerz im Rücken.

I feel the pain in my back.

fühlen = to feel · im = in dem (in the). "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Schmerz is the direct object.

Dat Die Salbe hilft bei dem Schmerz.

The ointment helps with the pain.

die Salbe = ointment · helfen bei = to help with (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "bei".

Nom Ein Schmerz kommt plötzlich.

A pain comes suddenly.

plötzlich = suddenly. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Ich fühle einen stechenden Schmerz im Bein.

I feel a stabbing pain in my leg.

stechend = stabbing · das Bein = leg. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Die Tablette hilft bei den Schmerzen.

The tablet helps with the pains.

die Tablette = tablet. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Schmerz → Schmerzen already ends in -n.

die Wunde — wound

Plural: die Wunden. At the pharmacy (Apotheke) you can describe your wound to get advice. "Die Wunde sauber machen" is an important first-aid step.

Nom Die Wunde ist nicht groß.

The wound is not big.

die Wunde (feminin) = wound · groß = big. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Wunde is the subject.

Akk Du musst die Wunde sauber machen.

You must clean the wound.

müssen = must · sauber machen = to clean. "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Wunde is the direct object.

Dat Das Pflaster ist auf der Wunde.

The plaster is on the wound.

das Pflaster = plaster · auf = on (+ Dativ for location). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "auf".

Nom Eine Wunde blutet leicht.

A wound bleeds easily.

bluten = to bleed · leicht = easily. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Die Krankenschwester versorgt eine kleine Wunde.

The nurse takes care of a small wound.

die Krankenschwester = nurse · versorgen = to take care of. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Der Arzt hilft bei den Wunden nach dem Unfall.

The doctor helps with the wounds after the accident.

helfen bei = to help with (+ Dativ) · der Unfall = accident. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Wunde → Wunden already ends in -n.

sauber machen — to clean

Literally "to make clean." Also written "saubermachen." First-aid tip: always clean a wound before applying a plaster.

Die Mutter macht sauber.

The mother cleans up.

sauber machen = to clean · die Mutter (feminin) = mother. "Die Mutter" is the subject in Nominativ.

Ich mache die Wunde sauber.

I clean the wound.

die Wunde (feminin) = wound. "Die Wunde" is the direct object in Akkusativ: die → die (feminin, unchanged).

der Verband — bandage

Plural: die Verbände (umlaut). From "verbinden" (to bind/wrap). You'll find one in every first-aid kit (Verbandskasten).

Nom Der Verband ist zu eng.

The bandage is too tight.

der Verband (maskulin) = bandage · eng = tight. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Verband is the subject.

Akk Der Arzt macht den Verband.

The doctor applies the bandage.

machen = to make/apply. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Verband is the direct object.

Dat Unter dem Verband ist eine Wunde.

Under the bandage there is a wound.

die Wunde = wound · unter = under (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "unter".

Nom Ein Verband schützt die Wunde.

A bandage protects the wound.

schützen = to protect. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Die Schwester wechselt einen alten Verband.

The nurse changes an old bandage.

die Schwester = nurse · wechseln = to change. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Die Krankenschwester hilft mehreren Patienten mit den Verbänden.

The nurse helps several patients with the bandages.

mehrere = several · mit = with (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Verband takes the umlaut plural Verbände and adds "-n" → Verbänden.

das Pflaster — plaster / band-aid

Plural: die Pflaster (unchanged). What you stick on a small cut. Fun fact: it also means "pavement" in another context!

Nom Das Pflaster klebt gut.

The plaster sticks well.

das Pflaster (neutrum) = plaster · kleben = to stick. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Pflaster is the subject.

Akk Ich brauche das Pflaster.

I need the plaster.

brauchen = to need. "Das" stays "das" in neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Pflaster is the direct object.

Dat Unter dem Pflaster ist die Wunde.

Under the plaster is the wound.

die Wunde = wound · unter = under (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "unter".

Nom Ein Pflaster klebt nicht mehr gut.

A plaster no longer sticks well.

nicht mehr = no longer. "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Ich brauche noch ein Pflaster für den Finger.

I still need a plaster for the finger.

der Finger = finger. "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.

Dat Wir haben zum Glück genug von den Pflastern zu Hause.

Luckily we have enough of the plasters at home.

genug von = enough of (+ Dativ) · zu Hause = at home. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Pflaster adds "-n" → Pflastern since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.

die Salbe — ointment / cream

Plural: die Salben. A medical cream you rub on skin. You can buy many Salben without a prescription at the Apotheke.

Nom Die Salbe hilft gegen Schmerzen.

The ointment helps against pain.

die Salbe (feminin) = ointment · helfen gegen = to help against · der Schmerz = pain. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Salbe is the subject.

Akk Ich kaufe die Salbe in der Apotheke.

I buy the ointment at the pharmacy.

kaufen = to buy · die Apotheke = pharmacy. "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Salbe is the direct object.

Dat Mit der Salbe wird die Wunde besser.

With the ointment the wound gets better.

besser werden = to get better · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "mit".

Nom Eine Salbe wirkt gut gegen Insektenstiche.

An ointment works well against insect bites.

wirken = to work/take effect · der Insektenstich = insect bite. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Ich kaufe eine neue Salbe in der Apotheke.

I buy a new ointment at the pharmacy.

neu = new. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Bei den vielen Salben in der Apotheke ist die Auswahl schwer.

With so many ointments at the pharmacy, the choice is hard.

viel = many · die Auswahl = choice · bei = with/given (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Salbe → Salben already ends in -n.

das Rezept — prescription / recipe

Plural: die Rezepte. In Germany, many medicines require a Rezept from the doctor. Fun fact: "Rezept" also means "recipe" for cooking!

Nom Das Rezept ist vom Doktor.

The prescription is from the doctor.

das Rezept (neutrum) = prescription · vom = von dem (from the). "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Rezept is the subject.

Akk Ich brauche das Rezept für die Apotheke.

I need the prescription for the pharmacy.

brauchen = to need · für = for (+ Akkusativ). "Das" stays "das" in neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Rezept is the direct object.

Dat Auf dem Rezept steht der Name der Salbe.

On the prescription is the name of the ointment.

auf = on (+ Dativ) · stehen = to stand/be written. "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "auf".

Nom Ein Rezept liegt auf dem Tisch.

A prescription is lying on the table.

der Tisch = table. "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Der Arzt schreibt ein neues Rezept.

The doctor writes a new prescription.

schreiben = to write · neu = new. "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.

Dat Der Apotheker fragt nach den alten Rezepten.

The pharmacist asks about the old prescriptions.

der Apotheker = pharmacist · fragen nach = to ask about (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Rezept adds "-n" (Rezept → Rezepte → Rezepten).

bekommen — to receive / to get

A "false friend": "bekommen" does NOT mean "to become" (that's "werden") — it means "to get/receive"! Raw source's own example: "Frau Pohn bekommt ein Rezept."

Der Patient bekommt Medizin.

The patient gets medicine.

bekommen = to receive · der Patient (maskulin) = patient · die Medizin = medicine. "Der Patient" is the subject in Nominativ.

Frau Pohn bekommt ein Rezept.

Mrs. Pohn gets a prescription.

das Rezept (neutrum) = prescription. "Ein Rezept" is the direct object in Akkusativ: das → ein (neutrum, unchanged form).

die Apotheke — pharmacy

Plural: die Apotheken. German pharmacies (marked with a red "A") are different from Drogerien (drugstores like dm) — only Apotheken sell prescription medicine.

Nom Die Apotheke ist um die Ecke.

The pharmacy is around the corner.

die Apotheke (feminin) = pharmacy · um die Ecke = around the corner. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Apotheke is the subject.

Akk Ich suche die Apotheke.

I am looking for the pharmacy.

suchen = to look for. "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Apotheke is the direct object.

Dat Ich kaufe Salbe in der Apotheke.

I buy ointment at the pharmacy.

die Salbe = ointment · in = in (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "in".

Nom Eine Apotheke ist in der Nähe.

A pharmacy is nearby.

die Nähe = vicinity. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Wir suchen eine offene Apotheke am Sonntag.

We are looking for an open pharmacy on Sunday.

offen = open. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Man bekommt Medikamente nur in den Apotheken.

You can only get medications at the pharmacies.

bekommen = to get. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Apotheke → Apotheken already ends in -n.

bewegen — to move / to exercise

"Sich bewegen" (reflexive) means to move your body / get exercise. Raw source's own example: "Bewegen Sie das Bein nur wenig." (Move the leg only a little.)

Der Patient bewegt sich langsam.

The patient moves slowly.

bewegen = to move · der Patient (maskulin) = patient · sich = himself · langsam = slowly. "Der Patient" is the subject in Nominativ.

Bewegen Sie das Bein nur wenig.

Move the leg only a little.

das Bein (neutrum) = leg · nur wenig = only a little. "Das Bein" is the direct object in Akkusativ: das → das (neutrum, unchanged).

sollen, er soll — should / to be supposed to

A modal verb: ich soll, du sollst, er/sie soll, wir sollen. Used for someone else's instructions, exactly as in the raw source's own example: "Ich soll den Verband wechseln." The main verb goes to the end.

Der Patient soll ruhen.

The patient is supposed to rest.

der Patient (maskulin) = patient · sollen = should → soll (er form) · ruhen = to rest (goes to the end). "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Patient is the subject.

Ich soll den Verband wechseln.

I'm supposed to change the bandage.

der Verband (maskulin) = bandage · wechseln = to change (goes to the end). "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Verband is the direct object.

Gute Besserung! — Get well soon!

The standard thing to say to someone who is ill. Literally "good improvement" (die Besserung = improvement). Say it when leaving a sick friend or ending a message to someone unwell.

„Gute Besserung!" ist ein netter Wunsch.

"Get well soon!" is a kind wish.

Gute Besserung! = Get well soon! · der Wunsch = wish · nett = kind. After "sein" the predicate noun "ein netter Wunsch" is in Nominativ.

Besuch beim Arzt (visit to the doctor)

der Doktor — doctor

Plural: die Doktoren. Used for a medical doctor and as an academic title (Dr.). In everyday speech "der Arzt" is more common for a physician.

Nom Der Doktor kommt bald.

The doctor is coming soon.

der Doktor (maskulin) = doctor · bald = soon. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Doktor is the subject.

Akk Ich rufe den Doktor.

I call the doctor.

rufen = to call. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Doktor is the direct object.

Dat Ich gehe zu dem Doktor.

I go to the doctor.

zu = to (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "zu" (often shortened to "zum Doktor").

Nom Ein Doktor arbeitet im Krankenhaus.

A doctor works at the hospital.

das Krankenhaus = hospital. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Wir brauchen einen guten Doktor.

We need a good doctor.

brauchen = to need · gut = good. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Die Patienten vertrauen den Doktoren.

The patients trust the doctors.

der Patient = patient · vertrauen = to trust (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Doktor → Doktoren already ends in -n.

die Krankheit — illness / disease

Plural: die Krankheiten. The suffix "-heit" always makes a noun feminin! Krank (sick) + -heit = die Krankheit, just like gesund → die Gesundheit.

Nom Die Krankheit ist nicht gefährlich.

The illness is not dangerous.

die Krankheit (feminin) = illness · gefährlich = dangerous. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Krankheit is the subject.

Akk Der Doktor kennt die Krankheit.

The doctor knows the illness.

kennen = to know (a thing). "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Krankheit is the direct object.

Dat Er bleibt wegen der Krankheit zu Hause.

He stays home because of the illness.

bleiben = to stay · wegen = because of (+ Dativ in speech). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "wegen".

Nom Eine Krankheit kann ansteckend sein.

An illness can be contagious.

ansteckend = contagious. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Der Arzt erkennt eine seltene Krankheit.

The doctor recognises a rare illness.

erkennen = to recognise · selten = rare. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Die Forscher arbeiten an den Krankheiten.

The researchers work on the illnesses.

der Forscher = researcher · arbeiten an = to work on (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Krankheit → Krankheiten already ends in -n.

der Schnupfen — (head) cold / sniffles

Plural: die Schnupfen (unchanged, rarely used). Specifically a runny/blocked nose. From "schnupfen" (to sniff).

Nom Der Schnupfen ist lästig.

The cold is annoying.

der Schnupfen (maskulin) = cold/sniffles · lästig = annoying. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Schnupfen is the subject.

Akk Der Arzt behandelt den Schnupfen mit Tee.

The doctor treats the cold with tea.

behandeln = to treat · der Tee = tea. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Schnupfen is the direct object.

Dat Bei dem Schnupfen trinke ich Tee.

With a cold I drink tea.

bei = with/in the case of (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "bei".

Nom Ein Schnupfen macht oft müde.

A cold often makes you tired.

müde = tired. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Ich habe einen Schnupfen.

I have a cold.

haben = to have. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Der Tee hilft bei den Schnupfen der Kinder.

The tea helps with the children's colds.

helfen bei = to help with (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Schnupfen already ends in -n, so no further change is needed.

das Fieber — fever

Used only in the singular (Sg.). In Germany, a temperature above 38.5°C is considered Fieber; below that is "erhöhte Temperatur."

Nom Das Fieber ist hoch.

The fever is high.

das Fieber (neutrum) = fever · hoch = high. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Fieber is the subject.

Akk Sie hat das Fieber seit gestern.

She has had the fever since yesterday.

seit = since (+ Dativ). "Das" stays "das" in neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Fieber is the direct object.

Dat Bei dem Fieber musst du im Bett bleiben.

With this fever you must stay in bed.

bei = with/given (+ Dativ) · im Bett bleiben = to stay in bed. "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "bei".

husten — to cough

The noun is "der Husten" (a cough); the verb is "husten" (to cough). "Ich muss husten" = "I have to cough."

Das Kind hustet stark.

The child coughs a lot.

husten = to cough · das Kind (neutrum) = child · stark = strongly. "Das Kind" is the subject in Nominativ.

Bei der Erkältung huste ich viel.

With the cold I cough a lot.

die Erkältung (feminin) = cold · viel = a lot · bei = with (+ Dativ). "Der Erkältung" is Dativ after "bei": die → der (feminin Dativ).

erkältet sein — to have a cold

Literally "to be chilled" — from "kalt" (cold). "Ich bin erkältet" = "I have a cold." Raw source's own example: "Ich bin total erkältet."

Mein Kollege ist erkältet.

My colleague has a cold.

erkältet sein = to have a cold · der Kollege (maskulin) = colleague. "Mein Kollege" is the subject in Nominativ; "erkältet" is predicative, so no ending.

Ich habe einen Schnupfen und bin erkältet.

I have a runny nose and a cold.

der Schnupfen (maskulin) = runny nose · haben = to have. "Einen Schnupfen" is the direct object of "haben" in Akkusativ: der → einen (maskulin Akkusativ).

total — totally / completely

A super common filler in casual German — "Ich bin total müde!" It intensifies the word right after it, just like "totally" in English.

Der Tag war total anstrengend.

The day was totally exhausting.

der Tag (maskulin) = day · war = was · total = totally · anstrengend = exhausting. "Der Tag" is the subject in Nominativ. "Total" intensifies the adjective and never changes its form.

schlecht — bad

"Mir ist schlecht" means "I feel sick / nauseous" — a very useful health phrase, and it uses the Dativ (mir), not "ich"! This is the raw source's own example. Opposite: gut.

Mir ist schlecht.

I feel sick.

schlecht = bad/sick · mir = to me (Dativ). The person feeling unwell is in the Dativ, not the Nominativ — you never say "ich bin schlecht" for this meaning.

die …schmerzen (Pl.) — pains (Halsschmerzen, Kopfschmerzen …)

"Schmerzen" (pains) almost always appears in the plural, with no singular form used this way. Add a body part in front: Kopf + schmerzen = Kopfschmerzen (headache), Hals + schmerzen = Halsschmerzen (sore throat), Bauch + schmerzen = Bauchschmerzen (stomachache). In everyday speech the article is often dropped entirely ("Ich habe Kopfschmerzen"), but it does take one when the sentence calls for it.

Nom Die Kopfschmerzen sind schlimm.

The headache is severe.

die Kopfschmerzen (Plural) = headache · schlimm = severe/bad. "Die" — Plural Nominativ. Kopfschmerzen is the subject; the verb "sind" is plural to match.

Akk Ich nehme eine Tablette gegen die Kopfschmerzen.

I take a tablet against the headache.

nehmen = to take · die Tablette = tablet · gegen = against (+ Akkusativ). "Die" stays "die" — Plural Akkusativ is the same as Plural Nominativ.

Dat Mit den Bauchschmerzen geht er zum Arzt.

With the stomachache he goes to the doctor.

mit = with (+ Dativ) · zum Arzt gehen = to go to the doctor. "Den" because Plural Dativ (die → den) after "mit". Plural nouns add "-n" in Dativ, but Schmerzen already ends in -n.

dürfen, er darf — may / to be allowed to

A modal verb — it sends the main verb to the end. "Darf ich…?" is the polite way to ask permission. Raw source's own example: "Ich darf nicht baden." Opposite: verboten.

Du darfst hier nicht rauchen.

You may not smoke here.

dürfen = may/to be allowed · du darfst = you may · rauchen = to smoke. "Du" is the subject (Nominativ). "Rauchen" goes to the end as infinitive.

Ich darf nicht baden.

I'm not allowed to bathe/swim.

baden = to bathe/swim (goes to the end). "Ich" is the subject in Nominativ; "darf" is the conjugated modal verb.

erlaubt — allowed / permitted

The past participle of "erlauben" (to allow), used like an adjective: "Das ist erlaubt." Opposite of "verboten" (forbidden). Common on signs and rules.

Das Rauchen ist hier nicht erlaubt.

Smoking is not allowed here.

das Rauchen (neutrum) = smoking (verb used as a noun) · erlaubt = allowed. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Rauchen is the subject; "erlaubt" is predicative, so no ending.

verboten — prohibited / forbidden

You'll see "verboten" on signs everywhere: "Rauchen verboten!" It's the past participle of "verbieten" (to forbid), used as an adjective.

Das Handy ist im Kurs verboten.

The mobile phone is forbidden in the class.

das Handy (neutrum) = mobile phone · verboten = forbidden. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Handy is the subject; "verboten" is predicative here, so it takes no ending.

rauchen — to smoke

Germany has strict smoking laws. Raw source's own example: "Rauchen Sie nicht!" (Don't smoke!) The noun form is "das Rauchen" or "der Raucher" (a smoker).

Rauchen Sie nicht!

Don't smoke!

rauchen = to smoke · Sie = you (formal). Polite imperative: the conjugated verb "Rauchen" comes first, followed by "Sie" and "nicht."

In dem Restaurant darf man nicht rauchen.

In the restaurant you may not smoke.

das Restaurant (neutrum) = restaurant · dürfen = may · in = in (+ Dativ for location). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "in".

ein Medikament nehmen — to take a medication

"Ein Medikament nehmen" (to take a medication) is the standard phrase — you "nehmen" (take), not "essen" (eat), medicine. "Das Medikament" is neuter. Buy it at the Apotheke.

Das Medikament hilft gegen Fieber.

The medication helps against fever.

das Medikament (neutrum) = medication · helfen = to help · gegen = against (+ Akkusativ) · das Fieber = fever. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Medikament is the subject.

Ich nehme das Medikament jeden Morgen.

I take the medication every morning.

nehmen = to take · jeden Morgen = every morning. "Das" stays "das" because neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Medikament is the direct object — "ein Medikament nehmen."

die Tablette — tablet / pill

Plural: die Tabletten. Pharmacies (Apotheken) are the only place to buy most medications in Germany — you won't find them in supermarkets.

Nom Die Tablette ist sehr klein.

The tablet is very small.

die Tablette (feminin) = tablet · klein = small. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Tablette is the subject.

Akk Ich nehme die Tablette nach dem Essen.

I take the tablet after the meal.

nehmen = to take · nach = after · das Essen = meal. "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Tablette is the direct object.

Dat Er beginnt den Tag mit der Tablette.

He starts the day with the tablet.

beginnen = to begin · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "mit".

Nom Eine Tablette liegt auf dem Tisch.

A tablet is lying on the table.

der Tisch = table. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Ich nehme eine Tablette gegen die Schmerzen.

I take a tablet against the pain.

gegen = against (+ Akkusativ). "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Man soll vorsichtig mit den Tabletten sein.

One should be careful with the tablets.

vorsichtig = careful · mit = with (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Tablette → Tabletten already ends in -n.

der Saft — juice / syrup

Plural: die Säfte (umlaut). In a medical context, "Saft" means liquid medicine or syrup. In everyday life it means juice — "Orangensaft" is very popular in Germany.

Nom Der Saft schmeckt süß.

The juice tastes sweet.

der Saft (maskulin) = juice · schmecken = to taste · süß = sweet. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Saft is the subject.

Akk Sie trinkt den Saft dreimal am Tag.

She drinks the syrup three times a day.

trinken = to drink · dreimal = three times. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Saft is the direct object.

Dat Der Arzt hilft dem Kind mit dem Saft.

The doctor helps the child with the syrup.

helfen = to help (+ Dativ) · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "mit".

Nom Ein Saft hilft gegen den Husten.

A syrup helps against the cough.

der Husten = cough · gegen = against. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Ich trinke einen frischen Saft.

I drink a fresh juice.

frisch = fresh. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Wir wählen zwischen den Säften.

We choose between the syrups.

wählen = to choose · zwischen = between (+ Dativ, no movement). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Saft takes the umlaut plural Säfte and adds "-n" → Säften.

gegen — against

Always takes the Akkusativ. In medical talk it means "for/against" a symptom: "eine Tablette gegen Kopfschmerzen." Raw source's own example: "einen Saft gegen den Husten."

Ich brauche etwas gegen den Schmerz.

I need something for (against) the pain.

brauchen = to need · etwas = something · gegen = against (+ Akkusativ) · der Schmerz (maskulin) = pain. "Den" because "gegen" always takes Akkusativ (der → den). Schmerz is the object of the preposition.

der Tropfen — drop

Plural: die Tropfen (unchanged). Liquid medicine you count out — "dreimal täglich zehn Tropfen." Nose drops = Nasentropfen, eye drops = Augentropfen.

Nom Der Tropfen fällt langsam.

The drop falls slowly.

der Tropfen (maskulin) = drop · fallen = to fall · langsam = slowly. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Tropfen is the subject.

Akk Nimm den Tropfen vor dem Schlafen.

Take the drop before sleeping.

nehmen = to take (imperative: Nimm!) · vor = before (+ Dativ). "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Tropfen is the direct object.

Dat Mit dem Tropfen geht es besser.

With the drop it gets better.

mit = with (+ Dativ) · es geht besser = it gets better. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "mit".

Nom Ein Tropfen reicht meistens.

One drop is usually enough.

reichen = to be enough · meistens = usually. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Nimm einen Tropfen vor dem Essen.

Take a drop before eating.

das Essen = meal/eating. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Ich vertraue den Tropfen aus der Apotheke.

I trust the drops from the pharmacy.

vertrauen = to trust (+ Dativ) · die Apotheke = pharmacy. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Tropfen already ends in -n, so no further change is needed.

die Spritze — syringe / injection

Plural: die Spritzen. "Ich bekomme eine Spritze" (I'm getting an injection) is common at the doctor's office. Vaccinations are given by Spritzen.

Nom Die Spritze tut nicht weh.

The injection doesn't hurt.

die Spritze (feminin) = injection · wehtun = to hurt. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Spritze is the subject.

Akk Du brauchst die Spritze gegen Grippe.

You need the injection against the flu.

brauchen = to need · gegen = against · die Grippe = flu. "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Spritze is the direct object.

Dat Die Ärztin beginnt mit der Spritze.

The doctor begins with the injection.

die Ärztin = female doctor · beginnen = to begin · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "mit".

Nom Eine Spritze tut kaum weh.

An injection barely hurts.

kaum = barely. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Der Arzt gibt mir eine Spritze gegen die Grippe.

The doctor gives me an injection against the flu.

geben = to give · mir = to me (Dativ). "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Manche Kinder haben Angst vor den Spritzen.

Some children are afraid of the injections.

Angst haben vor = to be afraid of (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Spritze → Spritzen already ends in -n.

das Hausmittel — home remedy

Plural: die Hausmittel (unchanged). Common ones include chamomile tea for stomach aches and warm milk with honey for sore throats. "Haus" = home + "Mittel" = remedy.

Nom Das Hausmittel hilft gut gegen Husten.

The home remedy helps well against cough.

das Hausmittel (neutrum) = home remedy · helfen = to help · gegen = against · der Husten = cough. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Hausmittel is the subject.

Akk Meine Oma kennt das Hausmittel.

My grandma knows the home remedy.

kennen = to know. "Das" stays "das" because neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Hausmittel is the direct object.

Dat Wir versuchen es mit dem Hausmittel.

We try it with the home remedy.

versuchen = to try · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "mit".

Nom Ein Hausmittel wirkt oft genauso gut.

A home remedy often works just as well.

wirken = to work/take effect · genauso = just as. "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Meine Oma kennt ein altes Hausmittel gegen Husten.

My grandma knows an old home remedy against cough.

alt = old. "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.

Dat Viele Familien vertrauen den Hausmitteln.

Many families trust the home remedies.

die Familie = family · vertrauen = to trust (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Hausmittel adds "-n" → Hausmitteln since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.

die Kontrolle — check-up / control

Plural: die Kontrollen. At the doctor, "Kontrolle" means a follow-up check-up: "Kommen Sie nächste Woche zur Kontrolle."

Nom Die Kontrolle ist am Montag.

The check-up is on Monday.

die Kontrolle (feminin) = check-up · am Montag = on Monday. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Kontrolle is the subject.

Akk Er braucht die Kontrolle jede Woche.

He needs the check-up every week.

brauchen = to need · jede Woche = every week. "Die" stays "die" in feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Kontrolle is the direct object.

Dat Nach der Kontrolle gehen wir nach Hause.

After the check-up we go home.

nach = after (+ Dativ) · nach Hause = (to) home. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "nach".

Nom Eine Kontrolle findet einmal im Jahr statt.

A check-up takes place once a year.

stattfinden = to take place · einmal im Jahr = once a year. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Der Patient braucht eine zweite Kontrolle.

The patient needs a second check-up.

zweite = second. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Zwischen den Kontrollen soll er die Tabletten nehmen.

Between the check-ups he is supposed to take the tablets.

zwischen = between (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Kontrolle → Kontrollen already ends in -n.

Danke für Ihre Hilfe! — Thanks for your help!

A polite, formal way to thank someone — "Ihre" (capitalized) is the formal "your." With friends you'd say "Danke für deine Hilfe!"

Vielen Dank für Ihre Hilfe!

Many thanks for your help!

vielen Dank = many thanks · für = for (+ Akkusativ) · die Hilfe (feminin) = help. "Ihre" (feminin Akkusativ) because "für" always takes the Akkusativ. Hilfe is the object of the preposition "für."

das Ergebnis — result

Plural: die Ergebnisse. Words ending in "-nis" are almost always neutrum (das) — a helpful pattern! Used for test results and even sports scores.

Nom Das Ergebnis ist sehr gut.

The result is very good.

das Ergebnis (neutrum) = result · gut = good. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Ergebnis is the subject.

Akk Wir bekommen das Ergebnis morgen.

We get the result tomorrow.

bekommen = to get/receive · morgen = tomorrow. "Das" stays "das" because neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Ergebnis is the direct object.

Dat Der Arzt ist zufrieden mit dem Ergebnis.

The doctor is satisfied with the result.

zufrieden = satisfied · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "mit".

Nom Ein Ergebnis kommt oft erst nach Tagen.

A result often only comes after days.

erst = only (not until). "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Der Arzt erwartet ein gutes Ergebnis.

The doctor expects a good result.

erwarten = to expect. "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.

Dat Wir vergleichen die Werte mit den Ergebnissen von letztem Jahr.

We compare the values with the results from last year.

vergleichen = to compare · der Wert = value. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Ergebnis takes the plural Ergebnisse and adds "-n" → Ergebnissen.

anstrengend — exhausting / tiring

Describes anything that takes a lot of effort. Raw source's own example: "Die Arbeit ist anstrengend." From the verb "sich anstrengen" (to make an effort).

Die Arbeit ist anstrengend.

The work is exhausting.

anstrengend = exhausting · die Arbeit (feminin) = work. "Die Arbeit" is the subject in Nominativ; "anstrengend" is predicative, so it takes no ending.

Im Kurs (in class)

wiederholen — to repeat

An inseparable verb here (the prefix stays attached): "Ich wiederhole." "Können Sie das bitte wiederholen?" is essential for language learners. "Wieder" = again + "holen" = to fetch.

Die Lehrerin wiederholt die Regel.

The teacher repeats the rule.

die Lehrerin (feminin) = female teacher · wiederholen = to repeat · die Regel = rule. "Die Lehrerin" is the subject in Nominativ. The verb becomes "wiederholt" for sie.

Ich wiederhole den Satz.

I repeat the sentence.

der Satz (maskulin) = sentence. "Den Satz" is the direct object in Akkusativ: der → den (maskulin Akkusativ).

auf|schreiben — to write down

A separable verb: the "auf-" jumps to the end in a main clause — "Ich schreibe das Wort auf." "Schreib das bitte auf!" is very common in the classroom.

Der Student schreibt die Wörter auf.

The student writes the words down.

der Student (maskulin) = student · aufschreiben = to write down · die Wörter (Plural) = words. "Der Student" is the subject (Nominativ). Separable verb: "schreibt … auf" — the prefix "auf" goes to the end.

Ich schreibe den Termin auf.

I write the appointment down.

der Termin (maskulin) = appointment. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Termin is the direct object. The prefix "auf" moves to the end.

vor|lesen, er liest vor — to read aloud

A separable verb with a vowel change: "lesen" becomes "er liest," so "er liest … vor." Parents "lesen ihren Kindern vor" at bedtime.

Der Lehrer liest den Text vor.

The teacher reads the text aloud.

der Lehrer (maskulin) = teacher · vorlesen = to read aloud · der Text = text. "Der Lehrer" is the subject (Nominativ). Separable verb with vowel change: "liest … vor" (er/sie form is "liest").

Die Mutter liest dem Kind vor.

The mother reads aloud to the child.

die Mutter (feminin) = mother · das Kind (neutrum) = child. "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem). Kind is the indirect object — the person being read to.

auf|machen — to open (up)

A friendly, everyday separable verb, exactly as in the raw source's own example: "Mach bitte das Fenster auf!" Opposite: zumachen. More formal: öffnen.

Die Lehrerin macht die Tür auf.

The teacher opens the door.

die Lehrerin (feminin) = female teacher · aufmachen = to open · die Tür = door. "Die Lehrerin" is the subject (Nominativ). Separable verb: "macht … auf".

Mach bitte das Fenster auf!

Please open the window!

das Fenster (neutrum) = window. "Das Fenster" is the direct object in Akkusativ: das → das (neutrum, unchanged). Imperative with the separable prefix "auf" at the end.

die Tafel — board / blackboard

Plural: die Tafeln. Can also mean a bar (of chocolate) — "eine Tafel Schokolade." "Schreib das an die Tafel!" is a phrase every student knows.

Nom Die Tafel ist sauber.

The board is clean.

die Tafel (feminin) = board · sauber = clean. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Tafel is the subject.

Akk Der Lehrer putzt die Tafel.

The teacher cleans the board.

putzen = to clean. "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Tafel is the direct object.

Dat Das Wort steht an der Tafel.

The word is on the board.

das Wort = word · stehen = to stand/be (written) · an = on/at (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "an".

Nom Eine Tafel hängt vorne im Raum.

A board hangs at the front of the room.

hängen = to hang · der Raum = room. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Der Lehrer braucht eine neue Tafel.

The teacher needs a new board.

brauchen = to need · neu = new. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Die Regeln stehen auf den Tafeln im Kursraum.

The rules are on the boards in the classroom.

die Regel = rule · der Kursraum = classroom. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Tafel → Tafeln already ends in -n.

das Fenster — window

Plural: die Fenster (unchanged). Germans believe strongly in "Lüften" — regularly opening windows for fresh air, even in winter.

Nom Das Fenster ist offen.

The window is open.

das Fenster (neutrum) = window · offen = open. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Fenster is the subject.

Akk Kannst du bitte das Fenster aufmachen?

Can you please open the window?

können = can · aufmachen = to open (separable verb). "Das" stays "das" because neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Fenster is the direct object.

Dat Die Katze sitzt an dem Fenster.

The cat sits at the window.

die Katze = cat · sitzen = to sit · an = at (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "an".

Nom Ein Fenster steht die ganze Nacht offen.

A window stays open all night.

die ganze Nacht = all night. "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Bitte mach ein Fenster auf.

Please open a window.

aufmachen = to open (separable). "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.

Dat Der Regen klopft an den Fenstern.

The rain knocks on the windows.

der Regen = rain · klopfen = to knock · an = on/at (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Fenster adds "-n" → Fenstern since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.

leise — quiet / quietly

Opposite of "laut" (loud). "Sprich bitte leise!" It works both as an adjective (a quiet room) and an adverb (to speak quietly).

Die Musik ist leise.

The music is quiet.

die Musik (feminin) = music · leise = quiet. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Musik is the subject. Here "leise" is predicative (after "ist"), so it takes no ending.

ruhig — calm / quiet

Describes a calm mood or a peaceful place. "Bleib ruhig!" (Stay calm!). Related noun: "die Ruhe" (calm, peace).

Der Patient ist ganz ruhig.

The patient is completely calm.

der Patient (maskulin) = patient · ganz = completely · ruhig = calm. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Patient is the subject. "Ruhig" is predicative (after "ist"), so it takes no ending.

Im Krankenhaus (in the hospital)

der Notarzt — emergency doctor

Plural: die Notärzte (umlaut). In Germany, dial 112 for emergencies — the Notarzt comes to you in a special car (Notarztwagen). "Not" = emergency + "Arzt" = doctor.

Nom Der Notarzt kommt sofort.

The emergency doctor comes immediately.

der Notarzt (maskulin) = emergency doctor · kommen = to come · sofort = immediately. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Notarzt is the subject.

Akk Wir rufen den Notarzt!

We're calling the emergency doctor!

rufen = to call. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Notarzt is the direct object.

Dat Ich erzähle dem Notarzt alles.

I tell the emergency doctor everything.

erzählen = to tell · alles = everything. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem). Notarzt is the indirect object.

Nom Ein Notarzt kommt in wenigen Minuten.

An emergency doctor arrives in a few minutes.

wenig = few · die Minute = minute. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Wir brauchen sofort einen Notarzt!

We need an emergency doctor immediately!

brauchen = to need · sofort = immediately. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Die Klinik arbeitet eng mit den Notärzten zusammen.

The clinic works closely together with the emergency doctors.

die Klinik = clinic · eng = closely · mit = with (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Notarzt takes the umlaut plural Notärzte and adds "-n" → Notärzten.

die Physiotherapeutin — physiotherapist (female)

Plural: die Physiotherapeutinnen. The male form is "der Physiotherapeut." Germans often shorten this to "Physio" in speech.

Nom Die Physiotherapeutin ist sehr nett.

The physiotherapist is very nice.

die Physiotherapeutin (feminin) = female physiotherapist · nett = nice. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Physiotherapeutin is the subject.

Akk Ich besuche die Physiotherapeutin zweimal pro Woche.

I visit the physiotherapist twice a week.

besuchen = to visit · zweimal pro Woche = twice a week. "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Physiotherapeutin is the direct object.

Dat Ich mache die Übungen mit der Physiotherapeutin.

I do the exercises with the physiotherapist.

die Übung = exercise · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "mit".

Nom Eine Physiotherapeutin arbeitet im Krankenhaus.

A physiotherapist works at the hospital.

das Krankenhaus = hospital. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Ich suche eine erfahrene Physiotherapeutin.

I'm looking for an experienced physiotherapist.

suchen = to look for · erfahren = experienced. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Der Patient dankt den Physiotherapeutinnen.

The patient thanks the physiotherapists.

danken = to thank (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Physiotherapeutin → Physiotherapeutinnen already ends in -n.

die Übung — exercise

Plural: die Übungen. "Übung macht den Meister!" = Practice makes perfect! Works for physical-therapy, language, and workout exercises alike.

Nom Die Übung ist anstrengend.

The exercise is exhausting.

die Übung (feminin) = exercise · anstrengend = exhausting. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Übung is the subject.

Akk Die Physiotherapeutin zeigt die Übung.

The physiotherapist demonstrates the exercise.

zeigen = to show/demonstrate. "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Übung is the direct object.

Dat Wir beginnen mit der Übung.

We begin with the exercise.

beginnen = to begin · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "mit".

Nom Eine Übung dauert nur fünf Minuten.

An exercise takes only five minutes.

dauern = to last · die Minute = minute. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Wir machen jetzt eine leichte Übung.

We now do an easy exercise.

leicht = easy. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Der Rücken wird mit den Übungen stärker.

The back gets stronger with the exercises.

stärker werden = to get stronger. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Übung → Übungen already ends in -n.

der Krankenpfleger — male nurse

Plural: die Krankenpfleger (unchanged). The female form is "die Krankenpflegerin" or "die Krankenschwester." "Kranken" = sick (people) + "Pfleger" = caretaker.

Nom Der Krankenpfleger ist sehr freundlich.

The nurse is very friendly.

der Krankenpfleger (maskulin) = male nurse · freundlich = friendly. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Krankenpfleger is the subject.

Akk Ich suche den Krankenpfleger.

I'm looking for the nurse.

suchen = to look for. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Krankenpfleger is the direct object.

Dat Sie gibt dem Krankenpfleger die Tabletten.

She gives the nurse the tablets.

geben = to give · die Tablette (Plural) = tablets. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem). Krankenpfleger is the indirect object.

Nom Ein Krankenpfleger arbeitet auch nachts.

A nurse also works at night.

nachts = at night. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Die Klinik sucht einen neuen Krankenpfleger.

The clinic is looking for a new nurse.

die Klinik = clinic · neu = new. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Die Patienten danken den Krankenpflegern.

The patients thank the nurses.

danken = to thank (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Krankenpfleger adds "-n" → Krankenpflegern since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.

die Laborantin — laboratory assistant (female)

Plural: die Laborantinnen. The male form is "der Laborant." A Laborantin works in the "Labor" (lab), analysing blood and samples.

Nom Die Laborantin untersucht das Blut.

The lab assistant examines the blood.

die Laborantin (feminin) = female lab assistant · untersuchen = to examine · das Blut = blood. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Laborantin is the subject.

Akk Ich frage die Laborantin nach dem Ergebnis.

I ask the lab assistant about the result.

fragen = to ask · nach = about (+ Dativ) · das Ergebnis = result. "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Laborantin is the direct object.

Dat Ich gebe der Laborantin das Blut.

I give the lab assistant the blood.

geben = to give. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der). Laborantin is the indirect object.

Nom Eine Laborantin prüft die Proben.

A lab assistant checks the samples.

prüfen = to check · die Probe = sample. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Wir brauchen noch eine zweite Laborantin.

We need a second lab assistant.

zweite = second. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Der Arzt vertraut den Laborantinnen.

The doctor trusts the lab assistants.

vertrauen = to trust (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Laborantin → Laborantinnen already ends in -n.

untersuchen — to examine

An inseparable prefix verb — "unter-" stays attached. At the doctor: "Der Arzt untersucht mich." The noun form is "die Untersuchung."

Der Arzt untersucht den Patienten.

The doctor examines the patient.

der Arzt (maskulin) = doctor · untersuchen = to examine · der Patient (maskulin, weak noun) = patient. "Der Arzt" — maskulin Nominativ (subject). "Den Patienten" — maskulin Akkusativ, weak noun adds -en.

Sie untersucht das Blut im Labor.

She examines the blood in the lab.

das Blut (neutrum) = blood · im Labor = in the lab. "Das" stays "das" because neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Blut is the direct object.

das Blut — blood

Used only in the singular (Sg.). "Blut abnehmen" (to take blood) means to draw blood — a very common phrase at the doctor.

Nom Das Blut ist im Labor.

The blood is in the laboratory.

das Blut (neutrum, Sg.) = blood · im = in dem (in the) · das Labor = laboratory. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Blut is the subject.

Akk Die Laborantin untersucht das Blut.

The lab assistant examines the blood.

die Laborantin = female lab assistant · untersuchen = to examine. "Das" stays "das" because neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Blut is the direct object.

Dat Die Ärztin ist zufrieden mit dem Blut.

The doctor is satisfied with the blood (results).

die Ärztin = female doctor · zufrieden = satisfied · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "mit".

Andere wichtige Wörter und Wendungen (other important words and phrases)

die Freizeit — free time / leisure time

Used only in the singular (Sg.). Germans take their Freizeit seriously — work-life balance is highly valued. "Was machst du in deiner Freizeit?" is a classic conversation starter.

Nom Die Freizeit ist mir wichtig.

Free time is important to me.

die Freizeit (feminin, Sg.) = free time · mir = to me (Dativ) · wichtig = important. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Freizeit is the subject.

Akk Ich genieße die Freizeit am Wochenende.

I enjoy the free time on the weekend.

genießen = to enjoy · am Wochenende = on the weekend. "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Freizeit is the direct object.

Dat In der Freizeit lese ich gern Bücher.

In my free time I like to read books.

in = in (+ Dativ) · gern = gladly · das Buch (Plural: Bücher) = book. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "in".

das Experiment — experiment

Plural: die Experimente. An international word. Words ending in "-ment" are neutrum: das Experiment, das Medikament, das Instrument.

Nom Das Experiment ist interessant.

The experiment is interesting.

das Experiment (neutrum) = experiment · interessant = interesting. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Experiment is the subject.

Akk Die Kinder machen das Experiment zusammen.

The children do the experiment together.

machen = to do · zusammen = together. "Das" stays "das" because neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Experiment is the direct object.

Dat Mit dem Experiment lernen sie viel.

With the experiment they learn a lot.

mit = with (+ Dativ) · lernen = to learn. "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "mit".

Nom Ein Experiment zeigt neue Ergebnisse.

An experiment shows new results.

zeigen = to show · das Ergebnis = result. "Ein" stays "ein" — no ending before neutrum Nominativ.

Akk Die Schüler planen ein eigenes Experiment.

The pupils plan their own experiment.

planen = to plan · eigen = own. "Ein" stays "ein" in Akkusativ — neutrum indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.

Dat Die Klasse lernt viel bei den Experimenten.

The class learns a lot from the experiments.

die Klasse = class · bei = from/at (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: article "den"; Experiment takes the plural Experimente and adds "-n" → Experimenten.

der Tipp — tip / hint

Plural: die Tipps. Spelled with double "p": "der Tipp." Raw source's own example: "Hat jemand einen Tipp für mich?"

Nom Der Tipp ist wirklich gut.

The tip is really good.

der Tipp (maskulin) = tip · wirklich = really. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Tipp is the subject.

Akk Ich brauche den Tipp für die Prüfung.

I need the tip for the exam.

brauchen = to need · die Prüfung = exam. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Tipp is the direct object.

Dat Mit dem Tipp finde ich die Adresse.

With the tip I find the address.

mit = with (+ Dativ) · finden = to find. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "mit".

Nom Ein Tipp hilft oft weiter.

A tip often helps a lot.

weiterhelfen = to help further. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.

Akk Hat jemand einen Tipp für mich?

Does anyone have a tip for me?

jemand = someone · für mich = for me. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).

Dat Der Kurs hilft mit den Tipps für Anfänger.

The course helps with the tips for beginners.

der Anfänger = beginner. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Tipp → Tipps already ends in -s, so no further change is needed.

jemand — someone / somebody

Opposite of "niemand" (no one). In everyday speech it usually stays unchanged: "Jemand ist hier." You can add endings in Akkusativ/Dativ (jemanden / jemandem), but leaving it plain is common too.

Jemand klopft an die Tür.

Someone knocks on the door.

jemand = someone · klopfen = to knock · an = on/at (+ Akkusativ, movement) · die Tür = door. "Jemand" is the subject (Nominativ).

ein|schlafen, er schläft ein — to fall asleep

A separable verb with a vowel change: "schlafen" → "er schläft," so "er schläft … ein." Don't confuse it with "schlafen" (to sleep) — "ein-" adds the "falling into" sleep.

Das Baby schläft schnell ein.

The baby falls asleep quickly.

das Baby (neutrum) = baby · einschlafen = to fall asleep · schnell = quickly. "Das Baby" is the subject (Nominativ). Separable verb with vowel change: "schläft … ein".

Nach der Tablette schläft sie schnell ein.

After the tablet she falls asleep quickly.

nach = after (+ Dativ) · die Tablette (feminin) = tablet. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "nach".

versuchen — to try

An inseparable verb. "Ich versuche es!" It can be followed by "zu + infinitive": "Ich versuche zu schlafen." Related noun: "der Versuch" (the attempt).

Die Ärztin versucht ein neues Medikament.

The doctor tries a new medication.

die Ärztin (feminin) = female doctor · versuchen = to try · das Medikament = medication. "Die Ärztin" is the subject (Nominativ).

Ich versuche den neuen Tipp.

I try the new tip.

der Tipp (maskulin) = tip · neu = new. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Tipp is the direct object.

baden — to bathe / to swim

Means to take a bath or to swim (in a lake/sea). "Baden gehen" = to go for a swim. Don't confuse with "duschen" (to shower). Raw source's own example uses it after "dürfen" — "Ich darf nicht baden."

Das Kind badet gern.

The child likes to bathe.

das Kind (neutrum) = child · baden = to bathe · gern = gladly. "Das Kind" is the subject (Nominativ). The verb adds "-et" after the stem "bad-": "badet".

Im Sommer baden wir in dem See.

In summer we swim in the lake.

der Sommer = summer · in = in (+ Dativ) · der See (maskulin) = lake. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "in" (location, no movement).

glücklich — happy

From "das Glück" (luck/happiness). "Ich bin glücklich!" Opposite: traurig (sad).

Die Mutter ist sehr glücklich.

The mother is very happy.

die Mutter (feminin) = mother · sehr = very. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Mutter is the subject. "Glücklich" is predicative (after "ist"), so it takes no ending.

perfekt — perfect

An easy international word. Raw source's own example: "Für mich ist das perfekt." "Perfekt!" alone means "Great!"

Für mich ist das perfekt.

For me that's perfect.

perfekt = perfect · für mich = for me. "Das" is the subject in Nominativ; "perfekt" is predicative, so it takes no ending.

sofort — immediately / right away

"Sofort!" means "Right away!" In emergencies: "Ruf sofort den Notarzt!"

Der Notarzt kommt sofort.

The emergency doctor comes immediately.

der Notarzt (maskulin) = emergency doctor · kommen = to come. "Der Notarzt" is the subject (Nominativ). "Sofort" is an adverb of time and never changes form.

Hurra! — Hurray!

A joyful exclamation, just like English "Hurray!" It's an interjection — it stands alone and doesn't change form.

Hurra, das Ergebnis ist gut!

Hurray, the result is good!

Hurra = hurray · das Ergebnis (neutrum) = result. "Das Ergebnis" is the subject (Nominativ). "Hurra" is an interjection standing outside the sentence structure.

sicher — sure / safe / certainly

Two useful meanings: "sure/certain" and "safe." As an adverb it means "certainly/probably," as in the raw source's own example: "Ich bin sicher die Erste."

Ich bin sicher die Erste.

I'm surely the first one.

sicher = surely/certainly (adverb here) · die Erste = the first (feminine, substantivized ordinal number). "Sicher" modifies the whole statement rather than declining like an adjective.

die App — app / application

Plural: die Apps. Even though it's a borrowed word, "die App" is feminin in German (from "die Applikation"). "Ich lade eine App herunter."

Nom Die App ist sehr praktisch.

The app is very practical.

die App (feminin) = app · praktisch = practical. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. App is the subject.

Akk Ich benutze die App zum Deutschlernen.

I use the app for learning German.

benutzen = to use · zum Deutschlernen = for learning German. "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). App is the direct object.

Dat Mit der App lerne ich jeden Tag.

With the app I learn every day.

mit = with (+ Dativ) · jeden Tag = every day. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "mit".

Nom Eine App hilft beim Deutschlernen.

An app helps with learning German.

helfen bei = to help with (+ Dativ). "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, same pattern as "die."

Akk Ich lade mir eine neue App herunter.

I download a new app.

herunterladen = to download (separable) · mir = for myself (Dativ). "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite doesn't change from Nominativ.

Dat Viele Leute lernen heute mit den Apps auf dem Handy.

Many people today learn with the apps on their phone.

das Handy = mobile phone. Plural Dativ: article "den"; App → Apps already ends in -s, so no further change is needed.