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German Student Dictionary — Part 21
Dictionary entries, alphabetical: ersetzen – Fallschirm.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
ersetzen — to replace
Regular verb — ich ersetze, du ersetzt, er/sie ersetzt. Also used for "replacing/substituting for" a person: "jemanden ersetzen."
Ich habe die zerbrochene Fensterscheibe ersetzt.
I replaced the broken windowpane.
zerbrochen = broken · die Fensterscheibe, -n = windowpane. Perfekt tense: "habe...ersetzt" (haben + past participle).
Wir müssen die alte Batterie ersetzen.
We have to replace the old battery.
müssen = must/have to · die Batterie, -n = battery. Infinitive form after the modal verb "müssen," pushed to the end.
erst — first
Ordinal adjective — takes regular adjective endings depending on case, gender, and article, e.g. "der erste Tag," "das erste Mal." Not to be confused with the adverb "erst," meaning "only just" or "not until" (e.g. "erst um acht Uhr" = "not until eight o'clock") — same spelling, different meaning.
Es ist das erste Mal, dass sie mit einem Düsenflugzeug fliegt.
It's the first time she has flown on a jet.
das Mal, -e = time/occasion · das Düsenflugzeug, -e = jet (plane). "Erste" — weak adjective ending (-e) after "das," neutral Nominativ agreeing with "Mal."
Meine Tochter ist die erste in ihrer Klasse.
My daughter is first in her class.
die Tochter, ö- = daughter · die Klasse, -n = class. "Die erste" — used here like a noun meaning "the first (one)," feminin ending (-e).
erstaunen — to amaze
Regular verb — ich erstaune, du erstaunst, er/sie erstaunt. Governs a direct object (Akkusativ) for the person amazed: "etwas erstaunt jemanden."
Deine schnelle Verbesserung erstaunt mich.
Your quick improvement amazes me.
schnell = quick/fast · die Verbesserung, -en = improvement · mich = me (Akkusativ). "Erstaunt" — er/sie/es-form.
Es erstaunt uns, wie schnell die Zeit vergeht.
It amazes us how fast time passes.
vergehen = to pass (of time) · uns = us (Akkusativ). "Es erstaunt uns" — a common way to start a sentence expressing surprise.
erstaunlich — amazing
Adjective built from "erstaunen" (to amaze). Bundled with "erstaunen" in the source since they share a root, but distinct enough as an everyday descriptive word to earn its own entry here.
Das ist eine erstaunliche Geschichte.
That's an amazing story.
die Geschichte, -n = story. Attributive adjective — "-e" ending, feminin Nominativ after "eine."
Seine Fortschritte sind wirklich erstaunlich.
His progress is really amazing.
der Fortschritt, -e = progress · wirklich = really/truly. Predicate adjective after "sind" — no ending.
erwachsen — mature / grown up
Also the base of the noun "der/die Erwachsene" (adult), formed by using the adjective as a noun — a common German pattern, like "der Deutsche."
Meine Mutter sagt, dass ich für mein Alter schon erwachsen bin.
My mother says that I am mature for my age.
das Alter = age · schon = already. Predicate adjective after "bin" — no ending.
Sie hat zwei erwachsene Kinder.
She has two grown/adult children.
das Kind, -er = child. Attributive adjective — "-e" ending, plural with no article.
erzählen — to tell
Regular verb — ich erzähle, du erzählst, er/sie erzählt. Governs Dativ for the listener and Akkusativ for what's told: "jemandem (Dativ) etwas (Akkusativ) erzählen."
Großvater erzählt uns jeden Abend eine Geschichte.
Grandfather tells us a story every night.
der Großvater, ä- = grandfather · uns = us (Dativ, the listener) · die Geschichte, -n = story (Akkusativ, what's told).
Erzähl mir, was passiert ist!
Tell me what happened!
mir = me (Dativ) · passieren = to happen. Imperative (du-command): "erzähl," not "erzähle."
es — it
Third-person neuter pronoun. Fixed phrase: "es ist" = "it is." The possessive "its" is expressed with "sein" (referring back to a maskulin/neuter noun) or "ihr" (referring back to a feminine noun) — not a form of "es" itself.
Wo ist es?
Where is it?
wo = where. "Es" refers to a neuter noun already mentioned or understood from context.
Ich sehe es nicht.
I don't see it.
sehen = to see · nicht = not. "Es" here is the Akkusativ direct object of "sehen."
der Esel — donkey
Plural: die Esel (unchanged, like "der Onkel"). The dictionary's own example compares it directly with "das Pferd" (horse): "Der Esel hat längere Ohren als das Pferd." = "The donkey has longer ears than the horse."
Nom Der Esel hat längere Ohren als das Pferd.
The donkey has longer ears than the horse.
der Esel (maskulin) = donkey · länger = longer · das Pferd, -e = horse. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Esel is the subject. The dictionary's own example.
Akk Der Bauer füttert den Esel jeden Morgen.
The farmer feeds the donkey every morning.
der Bauer, -n = farmer · füttern = to feed. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Esel is the direct object.
Dat Die Kinder geben dem Esel eine Karotte.
The children give the donkey a carrot.
geben = to give (+ Dativ for the recipient) · die Karotte, -n = carrot. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem). Esel is the indirect object.
Nom Ein Esel steht auf der Weide.
A donkey is standing in the pasture.
stehen = to stand · die Weide, -n = pasture/meadow. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Der Bauernhof hält einen Esel und zwei Ziegen.
The farm keeps a donkey and two goats.
der Bauernhof, ö-e = farm · halten = to keep/hold · die Ziege, -n = goat. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Der Tierarzt hilft den Eseln auf dem Hof.
The veterinarian helps the donkeys on the farm.
der Tierarzt, ä-e = veterinarian · helfen = to help (+ Dativ) · der Hof, ö-e = farm/yard. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Esel adds "-n" (Esel → Eseln) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
essen, er isst — to dine / to eat
Strong verb, stem-changing: ich esse, du isst, er/sie isst (e → i). Fixed phrase: "etwas zu essen haben" = to have something to eat. See "das Essen" just below, the related noun.
Wir essen heute Abend bei unseren Freunden.
We are dining at our friends' house tonight.
heute Abend = tonight/this evening · bei = at (+ Dativ). Present tense, "wir"-form doesn't stem-change.
Ich esse jeden Tag einen Apfel.
I eat an apple every day.
jeden Tag = every day · der Apfel, ä- = apple. Present tense, "ich"-form: no stem change (only du/er/sie change e → i).
das Essen — dinner / meal / food
Formed from the infinitive "essen" (to eat) used as a neuter noun — a common German pattern (compare "das Leben" from "leben"). Covers "dinner" specifically, as in the dictionary's gloss "Essen, das (Abendessen)," and "meal/food" generally. Rarely pluralized — "die Essen" refers to distinct meals or dishes, as when comparing several restaurant menus. Fixed phrase: "etwas zu essen haben" = to have something to eat — see Part 15 for "etwas."
Nom Das Essen ist fertig!
Dinner is ready!
das Essen (neutral) = dinner/meal · fertig = ready/done. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Essen is the subject.
Akk Meine Mutter kocht das Essen für die ganze Familie.
My mother cooks the meal for the whole family.
kochen = to cook · die ganze Familie = the whole family. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Nach dem Essen räumen wir die Küche auf.
After dinner we clean up the kitchen.
nach = after (+ Dativ) · aufräumen = to clean up/tidy. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein gutes Essen braucht Zeit.
A good meal takes time.
gut = good · brauchen = to need/take · die Zeit = time. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Der Koch bereitet ein besonderes Essen vor.
The chef is preparing a special meal.
der Koch, ö-e = chef/cook · vorbereiten = to prepare · besonders = special. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases.
Dat Die Kritiker loben das Restaurant nach den Essen, die sie probiert haben.
The critics praise the restaurant after the meals they've tried.
der Kritiker = critic · loben = to praise · probieren = to try/taste. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Essen already ends in "-n," so no further "-n" is added.
die Eule — owl
Plural: die Eulen. The dictionary's own example uses the indefinite article: "Eine Eule lebt in diesem Baum." = "An owl lives in this tree."
Nom Die Eule jagt in der Nacht.
The owl hunts at night.
die Eule (feminin) = owl · jagen = to hunt · die Nacht, ä-e = night. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Eule is the subject.
Akk Die Kinder beobachten die Eule im Zoo.
The children watch the owl at the zoo.
beobachten = to watch/observe · der Zoo, -s = zoo. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Der Fotograf folgt der Eule durch den Wald.
The photographer follows the owl through the forest.
der Fotograf, -en = photographer · folgen = to follow (+ Dativ) · der Wald, ä-er = forest. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine Eule lebt in diesem Baum.
An owl lives in this tree.
leben = to live · der Baum, ä-e = tree. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending. The dictionary's own example.
Akk Ich sehe eine Eule auf dem Dach.
I see an owl on the roof.
sehen = to see · das Dach, ä-er = roof. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Der Bauer hat Angst vor den Eulen im Stall.
The farmer is afraid of the owls in the barn.
Angst haben vor = to be afraid of (+ Dativ) · der Stall, ä-e = barn/stable. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Eulen already ends in "-n," so no further "-n" is added.
Europa — Europe
Like most place names, "Europa" is used without an article. The dictionary's own example uses it after "durch" (through, + Akkusativ): "Sie werden diesen Sommer durch Europa reisen." = "They will travel through Europe this summer." See also "der Europäer" and "europäisch," bundled with this word in the source.
Nom Europa hat viele Sprachen.
Europe has many languages.
viele = many · die Sprache, -n = language. No article needed — Europa is the subject directly.
Akk Sie werden diesen Sommer durch Europa reisen.
They will travel through Europe this summer.
reisen = to travel · durch = through (+ Akkusativ) · dieser Sommer = this summer. No article needed for continent names — "durch Europa" stays unchanged. The dictionary's own example.
Dat Der Zug fährt von Berlin nach ganz Europa.
The train travels from Berlin to all of Europe.
der Zug, ü-e = train · nach = to (+ Dativ, for places) · ganz = all/whole. No article needed for continent names — "nach Europa" stays unchanged.
der Europäer — European (person)
Feminine: die Europäerin (plural die Europäerinnen). Plural of "der Europäer": die Europäer (unchanged, like "der Lehrer"). Bundled with "Europa" and "europäisch" in the source, all built from the same root.
Nom Der Europäer spricht drei Sprachen.
The European speaks three languages.
der Europäer (maskulin) = European (person) · sprechen = to speak · die Sprache, -n = language. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Europäer is the subject.
Akk Der Reiseleiter begrüßt den Europäer am Flughafen.
The tour guide greets the European at the airport.
der Reiseleiter = tour guide · begrüßen = to greet · der Flughafen, ä- = airport. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Europäer is the direct object.
Dat Der Zollbeamte hilft dem Europäer mit dem Formular.
The customs officer helps the European with the form.
der Zollbeamte = customs officer · helfen = to help (+ Dativ) · das Formular, -e = form. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Europäer sitzt neben mir im Flugzeug.
A European is sitting next to me on the plane.
sitzen = to sit · das Flugzeug, -e = airplane. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Ich treffe einen Europäer auf der Konferenz.
I meet a European at the conference.
treffen = to meet · die Konferenz, -en = conference. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Der Reiseführer erklärt den Europäern die Geschichte der Stadt.
The tour guide explains the city's history to the Europeans.
der Reiseführer = tour guide (or guidebook) · erklären = to explain (+ Dativ for the listener) · die Geschichte = history. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Europäer adds "-n" (Europäer → Europäern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
europäisch — European
Adjective form of "Europa" — takes regular adjective endings depending on case, gender, and article, like any descriptive adjective (die europäische Union, ein europäisches Land).
Deutschland ist ein europäisches Land.
Germany is a European country.
das Land, ä-er = country. "Europäisches" — neutral Nominativ ending (-es) after "ein," agreeing with "Land."
Wir besuchen mehrere europäische Städte.
We are visiting several European cities.
mehrere = several · die Stadt, ä-e = city. "Europäische" — plural adjective ending (-e) with no article.
ewig — forever
Literally "eternal" — used adverbially to intensify how long something lasts. The same word also works as an adjective describing a noun directly (die ewige Liebe = eternal love), unchanged in spelling.
Ich werde diese Erinnerung ewig bewahren.
I will keep this memory forever.
die Erinnerung, -en = memory · bewahren = to keep/preserve. "Ewig" modifies the verb "bewahren," describing how long the memory will be kept.
Der Streit dauerte nicht ewig.
The argument didn't last forever.
der Streit, -e = argument/quarrel · dauern = to last. "Nicht ewig" = "not forever," a common way to soften a complaint.
das Examen — exam
Plural: die Examen (also die Examina, the more formal Latin-style plural). Formal/academic word for an exam — "die Prüfung" is the more everyday word for a test.
Nom Das Examen ist sehr schwer.
The exam is very difficult.
das Examen (neutral) = exam · schwer = difficult/hard. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Examen is the subject.
Akk Die Studenten bestehen das Examen im Juni.
The students pass the exam in June.
bestehen = to pass (an exam) · der Juni = June. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Die Professorin hilft den Studenten bei dem Examen.
The professor helps the students with the exam.
die Professorin = professor (female) · bei = with/during (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein schwieriges Examen beginnt am Montag.
A difficult exam begins on Monday.
schwierig = difficult · beginnen = to begin · der Montag = Monday. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Der Lehrer gab am Ende des Kurses ein Examen.
The teacher gave an exam at the end of the course.
geben = to give · am Ende = at the end · der Kurs, -e = course. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ. The dictionary's own example: Examen is the direct object of "gab."
Dat Der Professor hilft den Studenten bei den Examen im Mai.
The professor helps the students with the exams in May.
der Professor = professor · bei = with/during (+ Dativ) · der Mai = May. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Examen already ends in "-n," so no further "-n" is added.
extrem — extreme
Regular adjective — takes normal adjective endings depending on case, gender, and article, like any descriptive adjective.
Die Wetterverhältnisse auf dem Mt. Everest sind extrem.
Weather conditions on Mt. Everest are extreme.
die Wetterverhältnisse (Pl.) = weather conditions · auf = on (+ Dativ, locative). Predicate adjective after "sind" — no ending.
Das ist eine extreme Idee.
That's an extreme idea.
die Idee, -n = idea. Attributive adjective — "-e" ending, feminin Nominativ after "eine."
die Fabrik — factory
Plural: die Fabriken. The dictionary's own example uses the demonstrative "dieser" instead of the definite article — adapted here to "der" to fit the Dativ pattern: "Was wird in der Fabrik produziert?" = "What do they make in this factory?"
Nom Die Fabrik liegt am Stadtrand.
The factory is located on the edge of town.
die Fabrik (feminin) = factory · liegen = to lie/be located · der Stadtrand, ä-er = edge of town. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Fabrik is the subject.
Akk Die Firma baut die Fabrik in zwei Jahren.
The company will build the factory in two years.
die Firma, Firmen = company · bauen = to build. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Was wird in der Fabrik produziert?
What do they make in this factory?
produzieren = to produce/make · in = in (+ Dativ, locative). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der). Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used "dieser Fabrik" instead of the definite article.
Nom Eine neue Fabrik entsteht in der Nähe.
A new factory is being built nearby.
neu = new · entstehen = to come into being · in der Nähe = nearby. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Die Regierung eröffnet eine Fabrik für Elektroautos.
The government is opening a factory for electric cars.
die Regierung, -en = government · eröffnen = to open · das Elektroauto, -s = electric car. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Viele Menschen arbeiten in den Fabriken dieser Stadt.
Many people work in the factories of this city.
arbeiten = to work · die Stadt, ä-e = city. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Fabriken already ends in "-n," so no further "-n" is added.
der Faden — thread
Plural: die Fäden (umlaut only, no suffix — like "der Vater" → "die Väter"). The dictionary's own example: "Man braucht einen Faden, um zu nähen." = "You need thread to sew."
Nom Der Faden reißt beim Nähen.
The thread rips while sewing.
der Faden (maskulin) = thread · reißen = to rip/tear · nähen = to sew. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Faden is the subject.
Akk Sie zieht den Faden durch die Nadel.
She pulls the thread through the needle.
ziehen = to pull · die Nadel, -n = needle. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Faden is the direct object.
Dat Der Knopf hängt an dem Faden.
The button is hanging on the thread.
der Knopf, ö-e = button · hängen an = to hang on (+ Dativ, locative). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Faden liegt auf dem Boden.
A thread is lying on the floor.
liegen = to lie/be located · der Boden, ö- = floor/ground. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Man braucht einen Faden, um zu nähen.
You need thread to sew.
brauchen = to need · man = one/you (general) · um zu = in order to. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den. The dictionary's own example: Faden is the direct object of "braucht."
Dat Die Schneiderin arbeitet mit den Fäden aus Seide.
The seamstress works with the silk threads.
die Schneiderin = seamstress · arbeiten mit = to work with (+ Dativ) · die Seide = silk. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Faden's plural takes umlaut only (Fäden), and since it already ends in "-n," no further "-n" is added.
die Fahne — flag
Plural: die Fahnen. The dictionary's own example describes the American flag: "Die amerikanische Fahne ist rot, weiß, und blau." = "The American flag is red, white, and blue."
Nom Die amerikanische Fahne ist rot, weiß und blau.
The American flag is red, white, and blue.
die Fahne (feminin) = flag · amerikanisch = American · rot, weiß, blau = red, white, blue. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Fahne is the subject. The dictionary's own example.
Akk Der Hausmeister hisst die Fahne jeden Morgen.
The caretaker raises the flag every morning.
der Hausmeister = caretaker/janitor · hissen = to raise/hoist. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Der Wind reißt an der Fahne.
The wind is tugging at the flag.
der Wind, -e = wind · reißen an = to tug/pull at (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine bunte Fahne hängt am Balkon.
A colorful flag is hanging on the balcony.
bunt = colorful · hängen = to hang · der Balkon, -e = balcony. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Die Kinder basteln eine Fahne für das Fest.
The children make a flag for the festival.
basteln = to make/craft (by hand) · das Fest, -e = festival/celebration. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Die Straße ist mit den Fahnen vieler Länder geschmückt.
The street is decorated with the flags of many countries.
schmücken = to decorate · das Land, ä-er = country. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Fahnen already ends in "-n," so no further "-n" is added.
fahren, er fährt — to go / to ride / to drive / to run
Stem-changing verb: ich fahre, du fährst, er/sie fährt. Covers many senses depending on context — driving a vehicle, riding as a passenger, or a machine "running." The idiom "Fahrrad fahren" (to ride a bike) combines this verb with "das Fahrrad," its own entry below. Two more words bundled with "fahren" in the source, "der Führerschein" and "der Fahrer," get their own entries just below.
Morgen fahren wir nach Paris.
Tomorrow we're going to Paris.
morgen = tomorrow · nach = to (+ Dativ, for cities/countries). "Wir fahren" — no stem change in the wir-form.
Das Auto fährt mit Benzin.
The car runs on gasoline.
das Benzin = gasoline. "Fährt" — er/es/sie-form, stem change (a → ä). Here "fahren" means "to run" (of a machine), not "to drive." The dictionary's own example.
der Führerschein — driver's license
Plural: die Führerscheine. Bundled with "fahren" in the source since it's earned by learning to drive — "den Führerschein machen" = to get one's driver's license.
Nom Der Führerschein kostet viel Geld.
The driver's license costs a lot of money.
der Führerschein (maskulin) = driver's license · kosten = to cost · das Geld = money. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Führerschein is the subject.
Akk Sie macht den Führerschein in diesem Jahr.
She's getting her driver's license this year.
machen = to make/get (here: to earn a license) · dieses Jahr = this year. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Führerschein is the direct object.
Dat Der Polizist fragt nach dem Führerschein.
The police officer asks for the driver's license.
der Polizist, -en = police officer · fragen nach = to ask for (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein gültiger Führerschein ist Pflicht.
A valid driver's license is mandatory.
gültig = valid · die Pflicht, -en = requirement/duty. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Mit sechzehn kann man einen Führerschein für Mofas machen.
At sixteen, you can get a license for mopeds.
das Mofa, -s = moped. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Die Fahrschule hilft den Schülern bei den Führerscheinen.
The driving school helps the students with their driver's licenses.
die Fahrschule, -n = driving school · helfen = to help (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Führerschein adds "-n" (Führerscheine → Führerscheinen) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Fahrer — driver
Feminine: die Fahrerin (plural die Fahrerinnen). Plural of "der Fahrer": die Fahrer (unchanged, like "der Lehrer"). Bundled with "fahren" in the source — the person who does the driving.
Nom Der Fahrer hält an der Ampel.
The driver stops at the traffic light.
der Fahrer (maskulin) = driver · anhalten = to stop · die Ampel, -n = traffic light. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Fahrer is the subject.
Akk Der Polizist kontrolliert den Fahrer.
The police officer checks the driver.
kontrollieren = to check/inspect. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Fahrer is the direct object.
Dat Das Navi zeigt dem Fahrer den Weg.
The GPS shows the driver the way.
das Navi, -s = GPS/sat nav · zeigen = to show (+ Dativ for the recipient) · der Weg, -e = way/route. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem). Fahrer is the indirect object.
Nom Ein müder Fahrer sollte nicht fahren.
A tired driver shouldn't drive.
müde = tired · sollen = should. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Die Firma sucht einen Fahrer für den Lieferwagen.
The company is looking for a driver for the delivery van.
suchen = to look for · der Lieferwagen = delivery van. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Der Chef dankt den Fahrern für ihre Arbeit.
The boss thanks the drivers for their work.
der Chef, -s = boss · danken = to thank (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Fahrer adds "-n" (Fahrer → Fahrern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
das Fahrrad — bicycle
Plural: die Fahrräder (umlaut + -er, like "das Rad" → "die Räder"). The dictionary's own example: "Lass dein Fahrrad nicht draußen stehen, wenn es regnet." = "Don't leave your bicycle outside when it's raining." See also "radfahren," bundled with this word in the source, and the idiom "Fahrrad fahren" under the "fahren" entry above.
Nom Das Fahrrad steht vor der Tür.
The bicycle is standing in front of the door.
das Fahrrad (neutral) = bicycle · stehen = to stand · die Tür, -en = door. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Fahrrad is the subject.
Akk Er repariert das Fahrrad in der Garage.
He repairs the bicycle in the garage.
reparieren = to repair · die Garage, -n = garage. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Sie fährt gern mit dem Fahrrad zur Arbeit.
She likes to ride her bike to work.
mit = with (always Dativ) · zur Arbeit = to work. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein neues Fahrrad kostet oft viel Geld.
A new bicycle often costs a lot of money.
neu = new · oft = often. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Lass dein Fahrrad nicht draußen stehen, wenn es regnet.
Don't leave your bicycle outside when it's raining.
lassen = to let/leave · draußen = outside · regnen = to rain. "Dein" (your) declines exactly like "ein" — no ending for neutral Akkusativ. The dictionary's own example: Fahrrad is the direct object of "lass...stehen."
Dat Die Kinder fahren gern mit den bunten Fahrrädern im Park.
The children like to ride their colorful bikes in the park.
gern = gladly/like to · der Park, -s = park. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Fahrrad's plural takes umlaut + -er (Fahrräder), and then adds "-n" (Fahrräder → Fahrrädern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
radfahren — to ride a bicycle
Built from "das Rad" (wheel/bike) + "fahren." Present tense: ich fahre Rad, du fährst Rad, er/sie fährt Rad. Modern spelling writes it as two words, "Rad fahren," though the infinitive is also seen as one word ("radfahren"), as in the source. Bundled with "das Fahrrad" in the source.
Er fährt gern Rad.
He likes to ride a bike.
gern = gladly/like to. "Rad fahren" = to cycle, a fixed noun-plus-verb phrase — "Rad" stays in place while "fahren" conjugates normally.
Fährst du oft Rad zur Arbeit?
Do you often ride your bike to work?
oft = often · zur Arbeit = to work. Du-form: "fährst" (stem change a → ä).
fallen, er fällt — to fall
Strong verb, stem-changing: ich falle, du fällst, er/sie fällt.
Fall nicht auf dem Eis.
Don't fall on the ice.
das Eis = ice. Imperative (du-command) — "fall," not "falle." The dictionary's own example.
Die Blätter fallen im Herbst von den Bäumen.
The leaves fall from the trees in autumn.
das Blatt, ä-er = leaf · der Herbst = autumn/fall · der Baum, ä-e = tree. "Fallen" — plural sie-form, no stem change.
fallen lassen — to drop
Combination of "fallen" (to fall) + "lassen" (to let) — literally "to let fall." The two verbs conjugate separately: "Ich lasse das Glas nicht fallen" (I won't drop the glass).
Sei vorsichtig! Lass das Tablett nicht fallen!
Be careful, don't drop the tray!
vorsichtig = careful · das Tablett, -s = tray. "Lass...fallen" — "lassen" conjugates (imperative "lass"), "fallen" stays as an infinitive at the end. The dictionary's own example.
falls — in case of / if
Introduces a conditional clause ("in case," "if") — the verb moves to the end of its own clause, e.g. "falls es regnet" (in case it rains).
Er trägt einen Schirm, falls es regnet.
He carries an umbrella in case of rain.
der Schirm, -e = umbrella · tragen = to carry. "Falls es regnet" sends the verb "regnet" to the end of its own clause. The dictionary's own example.
der Fallschirm — parachute
Plural: die Fallschirme. Built from "fallen" (to fall) + "der Schirm" (umbrella) — literally a "fall-umbrella." The source dictionary entry is cut off before an example sentence, so all examples below are constructed for this page.
Nom Der Fallschirm öffnet sich automatisch.
The parachute opens automatically.
der Fallschirm (maskulin) = parachute · sich öffnen = to open (itself) · automatisch = automatically. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Fallschirm is the subject.
Akk Der Pilot packt den Fallschirm vor dem Sprung.
The pilot packs the parachute before the jump.
der Pilot, -en = pilot · packen = to pack · der Sprung, ü-e = jump. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Fallschirm is the direct object.
Dat Der Springer hängt an dem Fallschirm.
The jumper is hanging from the parachute.
der Springer = jumper · hängen an = to hang from/on (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein bunter Fallschirm schwebt über dem Feld.
A colorful parachute floats over the field.
bunt = colorful · schweben = to float/hover · das Feld, -er = field. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Sie kauft einen neuen Fallschirm für ihren ersten Sprung.
She buys a new parachute for her first jump.
kaufen = to buy · neu = new. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Die Soldaten springen mit den Fallschirmen aus dem Flugzeug.
The soldiers jump out of the airplane with their parachutes.
der Soldat, -en = soldier · springen = to jump · das Flugzeug, -e = airplane. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Fallschirm adds "-n" (Fallschirme → Fallschirmen) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.