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Vocab: Work & office — B2 (1) ​

Work & office vocabulary at B2 level.

Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural

die Abmahnung — formal warning; official reprimand; legal warning; cease-and-desist warning ​

This is stronger and more formal than Warnung. In employment and copyright law, an Abmahnung can be a written step before further legal or professional consequences.
Die Abmahnung liegt bereits auf dem Schreibtisch.
The formal warning is already on the desk.
liegt bereits means is already lying, and der Schreibtisch is the desk. Die Abmahnung is nominative because it is the subject; auf dem Schreibtisch is dative because auf describes a fixed location, and liegt is in position two.
Der Arbeitgeber schickt die Abmahnung per Post.
The employer sends the formal warning by post.
der Arbeitgeber is the employer, schickt means sends, and per Post means by post. Die Abmahnung is accusative because it is the object of schickt; the finite verb stands in position two.
Er widerspricht der Abmahnung.
He objects to the formal warning.
widersprechen means to object to or contradict. Der Abmahnung is dative because widersprechen always takes a dative object; widerspricht is the finite verb in position two.
Der Inhalt der Abmahnung ist rechtlich wichtig.
The content of the formal warning is legally important.
der Inhalt is the content, and rechtlich wichtig means legally important. Der Abmahnung is genitive after der Inhalt to show whose content; ist is in position two and wichtig is predicative.
Mehrere Abmahnungen können zu einer Kündigung führen.
Several formal warnings can lead to dismissal.
mehrere means several, führen zu means lead to, and eine Kündigung is a dismissal or termination of employment. Mehrere Abmahnungen is plural nominative as the subject; können is in position two and führen goes to the end of the modal-verb clause.
Die Firma erhielt eine Abmahnung wegen ihrer Werbung.
The company received a legal warning because of its advertising.
die Firma is the company, erhielt means received, wegen means because of, and die Werbung is the advertising. Eine Abmahnung is accusative after erhielt, while wegen ihrer Werbung uses genitive in formal standard German; the past-tense verb erhielt is in position two.
Der Anwalt fordert die Unterlassung nach der Abmahnung.
The lawyer demands that the conduct stop after the formal warning.
der Anwalt is the lawyer, fordert means demands, and die Unterlassung means stopping the conduct. Die Unterlassung is accusative after fordert, while nach der Abmahnung is dative because nach takes the dative; fordert is in position two.

die Abwicklung — processing, handling; completion of a transaction ​

die Abwicklung is common in business and administration for the organized completion of an order, payment, contract, or procedure. It is more formal than simply saying machen or erledigen.
Die Abwicklung der Bestellung dauert zwei Tage.
Processing the order takes two days.
die Bestellung means the order, and dauert means takes or lasts. der Bestellung is genitive because it identifies what is being processed, while the finite verb dauert stands in position two.
Wir prĂĽfen die Abwicklung des Vertrags.
We are checking the processing of the contract.
prĂĽfen means to check, and der Vertrag is the contract. die Abwicklung is accusative because prĂĽfen takes a direct object; des Vertrags is genitive and specifies which process is meant.
Bei der Abwicklung hilft uns eine Mitarbeiterin.
An employee helps us with the processing.
bei means with or during, and hilft means helps; eine Mitarbeiterin is a female employee. der Abwicklung is dative because bei always takes the dative, and hilft is in position two.
Die Kosten der Abwicklung sind niedriger als erwartet.
The costs of the processing are lower than expected.
die Kosten are the costs, and niedriger als erwartet means lower than expected. der Abwicklung is genitive because it shows what the costs belong to; the plural subject Kosten controls the verb sind.
Viele Abwicklungen laufen inzwischen digital.
Many processes are now handled digitally.
viele means many, laufen means run or proceed, and inzwischen means by now. Abwicklungen is plural, so it has no article here and takes the plural verb laufen.

der Ammann — Swiss political title or office-holder ​

Ammann is mainly Swiss and refers to a political office or its holder; it is not a general German word for any mayor. Its plural is the irregular-looking Ammänner.
Der Ammann eröffnet die Sitzung.
The Ammann opens the meeting.
eröffnet means opens, and die Sitzung is the meeting. Der Ammann is nominative because he is the subject, and the finite verb eröffnet stands in position two.
Die Bürger wählen den Ammann.
The citizens elect the Ammann.
die Bürger means the citizens and wählen means elect. Den Ammann is accusative because wählen takes a direct object; unlike a weak noun, Ammann does not add -n here.
Wir danken dem Ammann fĂĽr seine Arbeit.
We thank the Ammann for his work.
danken means thank, fĂĽr means for, seine Arbeit means his work, and Arbeit means work. Dem Ammann is dative because danken governs the dative, while fĂĽr seine Arbeit is accusative because fĂĽr always takes the accusative.
Das BĂĽro des Ammanns ist im Rathaus.
The Ammann's office is in the town hall.
das BĂĽro means the office, im Rathaus means in the town hall, and das Rathaus is the town hall. Des Ammanns is genitive because it expresses possession and takes -s.
Die Ammänner treffen sich in Bern.
The Ammänner meet in Bern.
treffen sich means meet one another, and in Bern means in Bern. Ammänner is the plural with an umlaut and -er; it is nominative because it is the subject.

der Arbeitsablauf — workflow, work process ​

Der Arbeitsablauf describes the ordered sequence of tasks in a workplace or organisation. The compound combines Arbeit, work, with Ablauf, sequence or process.
Der Arbeitsablauf ist klar und effizient.
The workflow is clear and efficient.
klar means clear, and effizient means efficient. Der Arbeitsablauf is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir prĂĽfen den Arbeitsablauf jeden Monat.
We review the workflow every month.
prĂĽfen means review or check, and jeden Monat means every month. Den Arbeitsablauf is accusative because prĂĽfen takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Die neue Software hilft dem Arbeitsablauf.
The new software helps the workflow.
die neue Software is the new software, and helfen means help. Dem Arbeitsablauf is dative because helfen always requires a dative object; the finite verb hilft is in position two.
Die Verbesserung des Arbeitsablaufs spart viel Zeit.
Improving the workflow saves a lot of time.
die Verbesserung is the improvement, sparen means save, and viel Zeit means a lot of time. Des Arbeitsablaufs is genitive because it specifies which improvement is meant, and the masculine noun takes -s.
Die Arbeitsabläufe unterscheiden sich je nach Abteilung.
The workflows differ depending on the department.
unterscheiden sich means differ, je nach means depending on, and die Abteilung is the department. Die Arbeitsabläufe is plural nominative because it is the subject; the plural has an umlaut and the ending -e.

die Arbeitskraft — worker, labour force; workforce ​

Arbeitskraft can mean an individual worker or the labour capacity of people in general. It is more formal and economic than Arbeiter or Mitarbeiter, and the plural Arbeitskräfte often means workers as a group.
Die Arbeitskraft ist in diesem Betrieb sehr wichtig.
The workforce is very important in this company.
in diesem Betrieb means in this company or workplace, and wichtig means important. Die Arbeitskraft is the nominative subject; ist is in position two, and wichtig is a predicative adjective.
Das Unternehmen sucht eine Arbeitskraft.
The company is looking for a worker.
das Unternehmen means the company, and sucht means is looking for. eine Arbeitskraft is accusative because suchen takes a direct object; the feminine article eine looks the same in nominative and accusative.
Der Betrieb bietet der Arbeitskraft eine Weiterbildung an.
The company offers the worker further training.
der Betrieb means the company or workplace, bietet ... an means offers, and eine Weiterbildung means further training. der Arbeitskraft is dative because it is the recipient of bieten; the separable prefix an goes to the end.
Der Wert der Arbeitskraft wird oft unterschätzt.
The value of labour is often underestimated.
der Wert means the value, oft means often, and unterschätzt means underestimated. der Arbeitskraft is genitive because it identifies whose value is meant; in the passive, wird is in position two and unterschätzt goes to the end.
Viele Arbeitskräfte fehlen wegen der Krankheit.
Many workers are absent because of the illness.
viele means many, fehlen means are absent or missing, and wegen der Krankheit means because of the illness. Arbeitskräfte is the plural nominative subject; wegen formally takes the genitive, shown by der Krankheit.

die Arbeitslosenversicherung — unemployment insurance ​

Arbeitslosenversicherung is a compound meaning insurance against unemployment. It refers to the insurance system, while Arbeitslosengeld is the money a person may receive from the state.
Die Arbeitslosenversicherung unterstĂĽtzt Menschen nach dem Verlust ihrer Stelle.
Unemployment insurance supports people after they lose their job.
unterstĂĽtzt means supports, Menschen means people, nach dem Verlust means after the loss, and ihre Stelle means their job. Die Arbeitslosenversicherung is nominative because it is the subject; nach takes the dative here because it refers to a time after an event.
Der Staat finanziert die Arbeitslosenversicherung.
The state funds unemployment insurance.
der Staat means the state, and finanziert means funds. die Arbeitslosenversicherung is accusative because finanzieren takes a direct object; the finite verb finanziert is in position two.
Arbeitnehmer zahlen der Arbeitslosenversicherung regelmäßig Beiträge.
Employees regularly pay contributions to unemployment insurance.
Arbeitnehmer means employees, regelmäßig means regularly, and Beiträge means contributions. der Arbeitslosenversicherung is dative because zahlen uses jemandem for the recipient or institution; Beiträge is the accusative thing being paid.
Die Leistungen der Arbeitslosenversicherung sind gesetzlich geregelt.
The benefits of unemployment insurance are regulated by law.
die Leistungen means the benefits, gesetzlich means statutory or provided by law, and geregelt means regulated. der Arbeitslosenversicherung is genitive because it identifies whose benefits they are; sind geregelt is a predicative passive expression.
In Europa gibt es verschiedene Arbeitslosenversicherungen.
There are different unemployment insurance schemes in Europe.
in Europa means in Europe, verschiedene means different, and gibt es means there are. Arbeitslosenversicherungen is plural and accusative after es gibt, while in Europa is dative because it describes a location.

der Arbeitsschutz — occupational safety; protection at work ​

This is usually an uncountable field or system, so it normally has no plural. It is often used in compounds such as Arbeitsschutzgesetz, meaning occupational-safety law.
Arbeitsschutz ist in dieser Firma besonders wichtig.
Occupational safety is especially important in this company.
die Firma means company and besonders means especially. Arbeitsschutz is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two; wichtig is a predicative adjective and has no ending.
Die Firma verbessert den Arbeitsschutz.
The company is improving occupational safety.
verbessern means to improve and die Firma means the company. Arbeitsschutz is accusative because verbessern takes a direct object, while the finite verb verbessert stands in position two.
Die Beschäftigten vertrauen dem Arbeitsschutz nicht vollständig.
The employees do not have complete confidence in occupational safety.
die Beschäftigten means the employees and vollständig means complete or completely. Arbeitsschutz is dative because vertrauen governs the dative; the finite verb vertrauen stands in position two.
Die Regeln des Arbeitsschutzes gelten fĂĽr alle.
The occupational-safety rules apply to everyone.
die Regeln means the rules and fĂĽr alle means for everyone. Arbeitsschutzes is genitive because it specifies which rules; the masculine genitive ending -es follows des, and the finite verb gelten stands in position two.
Guter Arbeitsschutz rettet Leben.
Good occupational safety saves lives.
gut means good and rettet Leben means saves lives. Arbeitsschutz is a mass noun with no normal plural; this slot shows a sentence using the noun in a general, uncountable sense, with the finite verb rettet in position two.

die Arbeitsunfähigkeit — inability to work, incapacity for work; period of certified inability to work ​

This formal employment and medical term is often used in documents and sick notes. It describes the condition, not the paper proving it; that paper is an Arbeitsunfähigkeitsbescheinigung.
Wegen Arbeitsunfähigkeit bleibt er diese Woche zu Hause.
Because he is unable to work, he is staying at home this week.
diese Woche means this week, and zu Hause means at home. Wegen normally takes the genitive in careful standard German, while the finite verb bleibt stands in position two; the marked noun is part of the prepositional phrase.
Der Arzt bestätigt die Arbeitsunfähigkeit des Patienten.
The doctor confirms the patient’s inability to work.
der Arzt is the doctor, bestätigt means confirms, and der Patient is the patient. Die Arbeitsunfähigkeit is accusative because bestätigen takes a direct object; the genitive phrase des Patienten shows whose condition it is.
Nach der Untersuchung spricht die Ärztin über die Arbeitsunfähigkeit.
After the examination, the doctor talks about the inability to work.
nach der Untersuchung means after the examination, and die Ärztin is the female doctor. Nach forces the dative in der Untersuchung, while über means about and forces the accusative in die Arbeitsunfähigkeit; the finite verb spricht is in position two.
Die Dauer der Arbeitsunfähigkeit hängt von der Diagnose ab.
The duration of the inability to work depends on the diagnosis.
die Dauer is the duration, hängt ... ab means depends, and die Diagnose is the diagnosis. Der Arbeitsunfähigkeit is genitive because it specifies the duration; abhängen is separable, so hängt is in position two and ab goes to the end.
Im Bericht stehen mehrere Arbeitsunfähigkeiten.
The report lists several periods of inability to work.
der Bericht is the report, mehrere means several, and stehen here means are listed or recorded. Im Bericht is dative after in for a location, and the plural Arbeitsunfähigkeiten is the subject of the sentence.
Die Arbeitsunfähigkeit beginnt am Montag.
The certified inability to work begins on Monday.
beginnt means begins, and am Montag means on Monday. The noun is the subject in the nominative, and the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Sie meldet ihre Arbeitsunfähigkeit sofort dem Arbeitgeber.
She immediately reports her inability to work to her employer.
meldet means reports, sofort means immediately, and der Arbeitgeber is the employer. Ihre Arbeitsunfähigkeit is accusative as the thing reported, while dem Arbeitgeber is dative as the person receiving the report.

das Arbeitsverhältnis — employment relationship, employment; employment arrangement ​

This is more formal and legal than Job and refers to the relationship created by employment, not simply to the workplace. It is common with beginnen, beenden, and kĂĽndigen.
Das Arbeitsverhältnis beginnt am ersten Juni.
The employment relationship begins on the first of June.
beginnt means begins, and am ersten Juni means on the first of June. The noun is the nominative subject, and the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Der Betrieb beendet das Arbeitsverhältnis.
The company ends the employment relationship.
der Betrieb is the company or business, and beendet means ends. Das Arbeitsverhältnis is accusative because beenden takes a direct object; the neuter article looks the same in nominative and accusative.
Die Gewerkschaft hilft den Beschäftigten in ihrem Arbeitsverhältnis.
The trade union helps the employees in their employment relationship.
die Gewerkschaft is the trade union, hilft means helps, and die Beschäftigten are the employees. Den Beschäftigten is dative because helfen takes a dative person, and in ihrem Arbeitsverhältnis is also dative because it describes a situation rather than movement.
Die Bedingungen des Arbeitsverhältnisses stehen im Vertrag.
The conditions of the employment relationship are stated in the contract.
die Bedingungen are the conditions, stehen means are stated here, and der Vertrag is the contract. Des Arbeitsverhältnisses is genitive because it identifies which conditions are meant; im Vertrag means in the contract.
Viele Arbeitsverhältnisse sind heute befristet.
Many employment relationships are fixed-term today.
viele means many, heute means today, and befristet means fixed-term or limited in time. The plural noun is the subject, and sind links it to the predicative adjective befristet.
Ihr Arbeitsverhältnis ist nur auf sechs Monate befristet.
Her employment relationship is limited to six months.
ihr means her, nur means only, and sechs Monate means six months. Auf sechs Monate uses the accusative after auf to show the intended duration, while ist ... befristet is a predicative structure.
Er möchte sein Arbeitsverhältnis in Teilzeit fortsetzen.
He would like to continue his employment part-time.
möchte means would like, in Teilzeit means part-time, and fortsetzen means continue. Sein Arbeitsverhältnis is accusative as the object of fortsetzen; the modal construction places fortsetzen at the end.

die Arbeitsvermittlung — employment placement, job-placement service; employment agency or service ​

This formal term can mean the activity of matching job seekers with jobs or the service that does this. It is closely associated with the Agentur fĂĽr Arbeit and Jobcenter.
Die Arbeitsvermittlung sucht eine Stelle fĂĽr ihn.
The employment service is looking for a job for him.
sucht means looks for, and eine Stelle is a job or position; fĂĽr ihn means for him. The noun is the nominative subject, while eine Stelle is accusative after suchen and the finite verb stands in position two.
Das Jobcenter bietet Arbeitsvermittlung an.
The job centre offers employment placement.
das Jobcenter is the job centre, bietet means offers, and anbieten means to offer. The uncountable service noun is an accusative object, and the separable verb places an at the end: bietet ... an.
Viele Menschen danken der Arbeitsvermittlung fĂĽr ihre Hilfe.
Many people thank the employment service for its help.
viele Menschen means many people, danken means thank, and ihre Hilfe is its help. Der Arbeitsvermittlung is dative because danken takes a dative recipient; fĂĽr forces the accusative in ihre Hilfe.
Der Erfolg der Arbeitsvermittlung ist schwer zu messen.
The success of employment placement is difficult to measure.
der Erfolg is the success, schwer means difficult, and messen means measure. Der Arbeitsvermittlung is genitive because it identifies whose success is meant; zu messen is an infinitive phrase after schwer.
Staatliche Arbeitsvermittlungen beraten Arbeitssuchende.
State employment services advise job seekers.
staatlich means state-run, beraten means advise, and Arbeitssuchende are job seekers. The plural noun is the subject, while Arbeitssuchende is accusative as the people receiving the advice.
Die Arbeitsvermittlung informiert ihn ĂĽber freie Stellen.
The employment service informs him about vacancies.
informiert means informs, freie Stellen means vacancies, and ĂĽber means about. Ihn is accusative as the person informed, and ĂĽber freie Stellen is also accusative after ĂĽber.
Sie hat durch die Arbeitsvermittlung eine neue Stelle gefunden.
She found a new job through the employment service.
hat ... gefunden means found, durch means through, and eine neue Stelle is a new job. Durch die Arbeitsvermittlung takes the accusative, and the Partizip II gefunden goes to the end in the perfect.

die Assistenz — assistance; assistantship ​

Die Assistenz arbeitet heute in der Praxis.
The assistant is working in the practice today.
arbeitet means is working, heute means today, and in der Praxis means in the practice or clinic. Die Assistenz is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb arbeitet stands in position two.
Der Arzt bittet die Assistenz um Hilfe.
The doctor asks the assistant for help.
der Arzt means the doctor and um Hilfe means for help. Die Assistenz is accusative because bitten takes a direct object; um also forces the accusative in um Hilfe.
Der Arzt dankt der Assistenz fĂĽr ihre Hilfe.
The doctor thanks the assistant for her help.
dankt means thanks, fĂĽr ihre Hilfe means for her help, and ihre means her. Der Assistenz is dative because danken governs the dative; fĂĽr forces the accusative in ihre Hilfe.
Die Qualität der Assistenz ist sehr wichtig.
The quality of the assistance is very important.
die Qualität means the quality and sehr wichtig means very important. Der Assistenz is genitive because it identifies whose quality is meant; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
In unserem Krankenhaus arbeiten drei Assistenzen.
Three assistant services work in our hospital.
in unserem Krankenhaus means in our hospital, and drei means three. Assistenzen is the plural of Assistenz; because the phrase begins with a place expression, the finite verb arbeiten still occupies position two.

die Aufstiegschance — promotion prospect, opportunity for advancement ​

This compound combines der Aufstieg (advancement or promotion) and die Chance (opportunity). It is common in work and sport; Aufstiegschancen can mean realistic prospects, not a guaranteed promotion.
Die Aufstiegschance motiviert viele junge Spieler.
The chance of promotion motivates many young players.
motiviert means motivates and viele junge Spieler are many young players. Die Aufstiegschance is nominative because it is the subject, while viele junge Spieler is accusative because motivieren takes a direct object.
Der Trainer sieht die Aufstiegschance fĂĽr den Verein.
The coach sees the club's chance of promotion.
der Trainer is the coach, sieht means sees, and der Verein is the club. Die Aufstiegschance is accusative because it is the object of sehen; fĂĽr den Verein is also accusative because fĂĽr always takes accusative.
Viele Mitarbeiter hoffen auf der Aufstiegschance.
Many employees are hoping for the opportunity for advancement.
viele Mitarbeiter are many employees and hoffen means hope. The natural construction is auf die Aufstiegschance hoffen, with accusative after auf when it means hoping for something; the feminine form is die, not dative der, in this construction.
Die Bedeutung der Aufstiegschance wird oft unterschätzt.
The importance of the promotion opportunity is often underestimated.
die Bedeutung is the importance, oft means often, and unterschätzt means underestimated. Der Aufstiegschance is genitive because it specifies which importance; wird unterschätzt is a passive construction, with the finite verb wird in position two.
In diesem Jahr gibt es mehrere Aufstiegschancen.
This year there are several opportunities for advancement.
in diesem Jahr means this year and mehrere means several. Mehrere Aufstiegschancen is accusative after es gibt, a fixed expression that always takes accusative; the plural has -n.

ausführen — to carry out, perform, implement; to take out, take for a walk ​

In this sense, ausfĂĽhren takes an accusative object such as einen Auftrag or einen Plan. It is separable: fĂĽhrt ... aus in a main clause, but the infinitive ausfĂĽhren and Partizip II ausgefĂĽhrt stay together.
Die Firma führt den Auftrag sorgfältig aus.
The company carries out the order carefully.
die Firma is the company, der Auftrag is the order or assignment, and sorgfältig means carefully. Den Auftrag is accusative because ausführen takes a direct object; the finite part führt is in position two and aus forms the sentence bracket at the end.
Wir haben den Plan erfolgreich ausgefĂĽhrt.
We successfully carried out the plan.
der Plan is the plan, and erfolgreich means successfully. Den Plan is accusative after ausfĂĽhren, while haben carries the tense and ausgefĂĽhrt goes to the end as the Partizip II.
Das Team fĂĽhrte die schwierige Aufgabe pĂĽnktlich aus.
The team carried out the difficult task on time.
das Team is the team, schwierig means difficult, die Aufgabe is the task, and pĂĽnktlich means on time. Die schwierige Aufgabe is accusative after ausfĂĽhren; in the simple past, fĂĽhrte is finite in position two and aus stands at the end.
FĂĽhr den Befehl sofort aus!
Carry out the order immediately!
der Befehl is the order, and sofort means immediately. The command uses the du imperative fĂĽhr ... aus; den Befehl is accusative because it is the direct object.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, führte ich den Plan selbst aus.
If I had more time, I would carry out the plan myself.
wenn means if, mehr Zeit means more time, and selbst means myself or personally. In the wenn clause the verb goes to the end; in the main clause fĂĽhrte is the Konjunktiv II form and aus completes the separable verb at the end.
Morgen werden wir den Auftrag ausfĂĽhren.
Tomorrow we will carry out the order.
morgen means tomorrow, and der Auftrag is the order or assignment. Den Auftrag is accusative after ausfĂĽhren; in the future, werden is finite in position two and the complete infinitive ausfĂĽhren goes to the end.
Ich fĂĽhre jeden Abend den Hund aus.
I take the dog out every evening.
jeden Abend means every evening, and der Hund is the dog. Den Hund is accusative because it is the object of ausfĂĽhren; fĂĽhre stands in position two and aus goes to the end.
Sie hat ihre Eltern zum Essen ausgefĂĽhrt.
She took her parents out for a meal.
ihre Eltern means her parents, and zum Essen means out for a meal. Ihre Eltern is accusative after ausfĂĽhren, while zu in zum governs the dative; the Partizip II ausgefĂĽhrt stands at the end with hat.

die Ausschreibung — call for applications; tender; job advertisement; call for applications ​

In administration and business, die Ausschreibung is often an official public invitation to apply or submit an offer. It is different from die Bewerbung, which is an individual application.
Die Ausschreibung fĂĽr den neuen Bauauftrag ist online.
The tender for the new construction contract is online.
der neue Bauauftrag means the new construction contract, and online means online. Die Ausschreibung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Die Firma liest die Ausschreibung sorgfältig.
The company reads the tender carefully.
die Firma is the company and sorgfältig means carefully. Die Ausschreibung is accusative because liest takes a direct object; the finite verb liest is in position two.
Wir folgen der Ausschreibung des Ministeriums.
We follow the ministry's tender.
wir folgen means we follow, and das Ministerium is the ministry. Der Ausschreibung is dative because folgen governs the dative; des Ministeriums is genitive and means of the ministry.
Die Bedingungen der Ausschreibung sind sehr streng.
The conditions of the tender are very strict.
die Bedingungen are the conditions and streng means strict. Der Ausschreibung is genitive because it identifies whose conditions they are; the finite verb sind stands in position two.
Mehrere Ausschreibungen richten sich an kleine Firmen.
Several calls for applications are aimed at small companies.
mehrere means several, sich richten an means to be aimed at, and kleine Firmen are small companies. Ausschreibungen is plural with -en, and an takes the accusative here because it expresses the target.
Die Stadt hat eine Ausschreibung für den Auftrag veröffentlicht.
The city has published a tender for the contract.
die Stadt is the city, veröffentlicht means published, and der Auftrag is the contract or assignment. Eine Ausschreibung is accusative because veröffentlichen takes a direct object; hat veröffentlicht puts the participle at the end.
Die Universität hat eine Ausschreibung für eine Professur veröffentlicht.
The university has published a call for applications for a professorship.
die Universität is the university, die Professur is a professorship, and veröffentlicht means published. Eine Ausschreibung is accusative after hat veröffentlicht, and the participle stands at the end of the perfect clause.
Auf diese Ausschreibung haben sich viele Forschende beworben.
Many researchers applied for this position.
diese means this, sich bewerben means to apply, and Forschende means researchers. Auf diese Ausschreibung uses auf with the accusative for the target of the application; haben sich beworben is a perfect form with the participle at the end.

der Aussteller — exhibitor ​

Aussteller has the same spelling in the singular and plural; use der for one and die for several. It can refer to an individual or to a company taking part in a trade fair.
Der Aussteller präsentiert seine Produkte.
The exhibitor is presenting his products.
präsentieren means to present and seine Produkte means his products. Der Aussteller is nominative as the subject, while seine Produkte is accusative after präsentieren.
Die Besucher fragen den Aussteller nach dem Preis.
The visitors ask the exhibitor about the price.
die Besucher means the visitors and nach dem Preis means about the price. Den Aussteller is accusative as the person asked, while nach takes the dative.
Wir sprechen mit dem Aussteller.
We are talking to the exhibitor.
sprechen means to speak or talk. Mit dem Aussteller is dative because mit always takes the dative; the noun’s ending does not change here.
Die Präsentation des Ausstellers beginnt um zehn Uhr.
The exhibitor’s presentation begins at ten o’clock.
die Präsentation means presentation and beginnt means begins. Des Ausstellers is genitive to show possession; this masculine noun adds -s in the genitive singular.
Die Aussteller kommen aus fünf Ländern.
The exhibitors come from five countries.
kommen means come and fünf Länder means five countries. Die Aussteller is plural and nominative as the subject; aus fünf Ländern is dative because aus takes the dative.
Der Aussteller erklärt die neuen Geräte.
The exhibitor explains the new devices.
erklären means to explain and neue Geräte means new devices. Der Aussteller is the nominative subject, while die neuen Geräte is accusative as the object.

der Bankier — banker ​

Bankier is a formal word for a banking professional and is more specific than Bankangestellter, a bank employee. It is a loanword with the plural Bankiers and genitive des Bankiers.
Der Bankier berät den Kunden.
The banker advises the customer.
berät means advises and der Kunde is the customer. Der Bankier is nominative because it is the subject, while den Kunden is accusative because beraten takes a direct object.
Die Zeitung interviewt den Bankier.
The newspaper interviews the banker.
die Zeitung is the newspaper and interviewt means interviews. Den Bankier is accusative because interviewen takes a direct object; the finite verb interviewt stands in position two.
Ich vertraue dem Bankier nicht.
I do not trust the banker.
vertraue means trust and nicht means not. Dem Bankier is dative because vertrauen always takes a dative person; the finite verb vertraue is in position two.
Die Entscheidung des Bankiers ĂĽberrascht alle.
The banker's decision surprises everyone.
die Entscheidung is the decision and ĂĽberrascht means surprises. Des Bankiers is genitive because it means of the banker; alle means everyone and is the accusative object of ĂĽberraschen.
Viele Bankiers nehmen an der Konferenz teil.
Many bankers take part in the conference.
viele means many, die Konferenz is the conference, and teilnehmen means take part. Bankiers is the plural subject; an der Konferenz is dative because an describes participation in an event here, and nehmen ... teil is a separable verb.

der Beauftragte — commissioned representative, delegate ​

This is a masculine adjectival noun: its endings are like a weak adjective, so forms such as den Beauftragten and des Beauftragten are required. It can mean an official representative or a person responsible for a particular area.
Der Beauftragte spricht heute mit den BĂĽrgern.
The representative is speaking with the citizens today.
spricht means is speaking, and die BĂĽrger means the citizens. Der Beauftragte is nominative because he is the subject, and the finite verb spricht is in position two.
Wir informieren den Beauftragten ĂĽber die Ă„nderung.
We are informing the representative about the change.
informieren means to inform, and die Ă„nderung means the change. Den Beauftragten is accusative because informieren takes a direct object; the masculine adjectival noun has the ending -en.
Wir geben dem Beauftragten die Unterlagen.
We give the representative the documents.
geben means to give, and die Unterlagen means the documents. Dem Beauftragten is dative because it is the recipient, while die Unterlagen is the accusative thing given.
Das BĂĽro des Beauftragten liegt im Rathaus.
The representative's office is in the town hall.
das BĂĽro means the office, and das Rathaus means the town hall. Des Beauftragten is genitive because it shows whose office it is; this masculine adjectival noun takes -en after des.
Die Beauftragten treffen sich am Montag.
The representatives are meeting on Monday.
treffen sich means meet each other, and am Montag means on Monday. Die Beauftragten is the plural subject, and adjectival nouns use the plural ending -en.

die Beauftragte — commissioned female representative, delegate ​

This is a feminine adjectival noun: it names a woman who has been officially appointed or authorised. In the plural, it becomes die Beauftragten, just like the masculine form.
Die Beauftragte spricht heute mit den BĂĽrgern.
The representative is speaking with the citizens today.
spricht means is speaking, and die BĂĽrger means the citizens. Die Beauftragte is nominative because she is the subject, and the finite verb spricht is in position two.
Wir informieren die Beauftragte ĂĽber die Ă„nderung.
We are informing the representative about the change.
informieren means to inform, and die Ă„nderung means the change. Die Beauftragte is accusative because informieren takes a direct object; the feminine form does not change in the accusative.
Wir geben der Beauftragten die Unterlagen.
We give the representative the documents.
geben means to give, and die Unterlagen means the documents. Der Beauftragten is dative because it is the recipient, while die Unterlagen is the accusative thing given.
Das BĂĽro der Beauftragten liegt im Rathaus.
The representative's office is in the town hall.
das BĂĽro means the office, and das Rathaus means the town hall. Der Beauftragten is genitive because it shows whose office it is; the feminine genitive article is der.
Die Beauftragten treffen sich am Montag.
The representatives are meeting on Monday.
treffen sich means meet each other, and am Montag means on Monday. Die Beauftragten is the plural subject, and adjectival nouns use the plural ending -en.

berufen — qualified, appointed; called, destined; unsolicited, unauthorized ​

berufen can mean officially appointed or qualified, but in zu etwas berufen sein it often means called or destined for something. As an adjective before a noun, it takes normal adjective endings, as in ein berufener Experte.
Er ist zum Richter berufen.
He is called or destined to be a judge.
der Richter is the judge, and zum means to the in zum Richter. The adjective berufen is predicative after ist and has no ending; zu takes the dative in the phrase zum Richter.
Sie ist eine berufene Expertin fĂĽr Klimafragen.
She is an authorized expert on climate issues.
eine Expertin is a female expert, and Klimafragen means climate issues. berufene comes before the feminine noun and takes -e after eine; the whole phrase eine berufene Expertin is nominative after ist.
Er ist der berufenere Kandidat fĂĽr diese Aufgabe.
He is the more suitable candidate for this task.
der Kandidat is the candidate, and diese Aufgabe means this task. berufenere is the comparative before a masculine noun and takes -e after der; fĂĽr forces the accusative diese Aufgabe.
Sie ist am berufensten, diese Verhandlungen zu fĂĽhren.
She is the most qualified person to conduct these negotiations.
diese Verhandlungen means these negotiations, and fĂĽhren means to conduct or lead. The predicative superlative uses am berufensten; fĂĽr is not present here, and the infinitive zu fĂĽhren comes at the end of its phrase.
Er gibt ständig berufene Ratschläge.
He is constantly giving unsolicited advice.
ständig means constantly, and Ratschläge are pieces of advice. The phrase berufene Ratschläge is accusative because geben takes a direct object; the adjective has the plural ending -e after the zero article.
Niemand hat ihn dazu berufen.
No one authorized or called him to do that.
niemand means no one, ihn means him, and dazu means to do that. ihn is accusative because berufen takes a direct object; hat stands in position two and the Partizip II berufen goes to the end.

berufen — to appoint, to call; to invoke, to appeal to ​

For appointing someone, the usual pattern is jemanden zu etwas berufen: the person is accusative and the position follows zu with dative. The reflexive expression sich auf etwas berufen means to invoke or rely on something and uses auf with accusative here.
Die Universität beruft eine neue Professorin.
The university is appointing a new professor.
die Universität is the university, and eine neue Professorin is a new female professor. Eine neue Professorin is accusative because berufen takes the person being appointed as a direct object; the finite verb beruft stands in position two.
Die Universität hat eine neue Professorin berufen.
The university has appointed a new professor.
die Universität is the university, and eine neue Professorin is a new female professor. The perfect uses hat plus berufen, with the Partizip II at the end; eine neue Professorin is accusative as the direct object.
Die Universität berief eine neue Professorin.
The university appointed a new professor.
die Universität is the university, and eine neue Professorin is a new female professor. Berief is the strong-verb simple past, and the appointed person is accusative because berufen takes a direct object.
Beruf sie zur Leiterin des Instituts!
Appoint her head of the institute!
sie means her here, zur Leiterin means as head, and das Institut is the institute. The command uses the du imperative beruf; sie is accusative, while zur Leiterin is a fixed zu phrase with dative.
Sie wĂĽrde ihn zum Leiter berufen.
She would appoint him head.
sie is she, ihn is him, and zum Leiter means as head. Ihn is accusative because he is the person appointed, while zum Leiter is a dative zu phrase; wĂĽrde ... berufen expresses a hypothetical action.
Die Kommission wird ihn zum Vorsitzenden berufen.
The committee will appoint him chairperson.
die Kommission is the committee, ihn is him, and der Vorsitzende is the chairperson. Future wird ... berufen places the infinitive at the end; ihn is accusative and zum Vorsitzenden is a dative zu phrase.
Er beruft sich auf sein Recht.
He invokes his right.
er is he, and sein Recht means his right. The reflexive verb is sich auf etwas berufen; sein Recht is accusative after auf in this fixed expression, and the finite verb beruft is in position two.
Sie hat sich auf die Hausordnung berufen.
She appealed to the house rules.
sie is she, and die Hausordnung means the house rules or building regulations. The perfect uses hat ... berufen, and sich refers back to sie; die Hausordnung is accusative after auf in this expression.

die Berufsbezeichnung — job title, professional designation ​

A Berufsbezeichnung is the name used for a profession, especially on forms, certificates, or in official contexts. Bezeichnung means designation or name, so the compound is more formal than simply Beruf.
Die Berufsbezeichnung steht auf dem Formular.
The job title is on the form.
steht means is written or stands, and das Formular is the form. Die Berufsbezeichnung is nominative because it is the subject; auf dem Formular is a location phrase with dative, and steht is in position two.
Bitte tragen Sie die Berufsbezeichnung ein.
Please enter the job title.
bitte means please, tragen Sie ... ein means enter, and ein is the separable prefix. Die Berufsbezeichnung is accusative as the object of eintragen; in a formal command, tragen Sie comes first and ein goes to the end.
Mit der Berufsbezeichnung können andere die Tätigkeit verstehen.
With the job title, other people can understand the activity.
mit means with, andere means other people, and die Tätigkeit means the activity or work. Mit forces the dative, so der Berufsbezeichnung is dative; with the modal können, the infinitive verstehen goes to the end.
Die Bedeutung der Berufsbezeichnung ist nicht immer klar.
The meaning of the job title is not always clear.
die Bedeutung means the meaning, nicht immer means not always, and klar means clear. Der Berufsbezeichnung is genitive because it identifies whose meaning is meant; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Moderne Berufsbezeichnungen sind oft englisch.
Modern job titles are often English.
moderne means modern, sind means are, oft means often, and englisch means English. Berufsbezeichnungen is the plural nominative subject, and the finite verb sind stands in position two.

die Berufsfachschule — vocational school ​

Berufsfachschule is a type of vocational school, usually offering training for a specific occupation. Do not confuse it with Berufsschule, which is often part of a dual apprenticeship.
Die Berufsfachschule bietet eine Ausbildung im Gesundheitsbereich an.
The vocational school offers training in the healthcare sector.
bietet ... an means offers, eine Ausbildung is vocational training, and der Gesundheitsbereich is the healthcare sector. Berufsfachschule is nominative because it is the subject; bietet is in position two and the separable prefix an goes to the end.
Meine Tochter besucht die Berufsfachschule in Köln.
My daughter attends the vocational school in Cologne.
meine Tochter means my daughter, besucht means attends, and in Köln means in Cologne. die Berufsfachschule is accusative because besuchen takes a direct object; the finite verb besucht is in position two.
An der Berufsfachschule lernen die SchĂĽler viel fĂĽr ihren Beruf.
At the vocational school, the students learn a lot for their profession.
an means at here, die SchĂĽler are the students, and fĂĽr ihren Beruf means for their profession. der Berufsfachschule is dative because an describes a location here and takes dative; the prepositional phrase is first, so lernen follows it.
Die Räume der Berufsfachschule sind modern.
The rooms of the vocational school are modern.
die Räume means the rooms, and modern means modern. der Berufsfachschule is genitive because it identifies which rooms are meant; sind is the finite verb in position two.
In Deutschland gibt es viele Berufsfachschulen.
There are many vocational schools in Germany.
in Deutschland means in Germany, and viele means many. Berufsfachschulen is plural after viele; in the expression es gibt, the object is accusative even though English uses there are.

das Berufsfeld — occupational field, field of work ​

Berufsfeld is broader than a single job: it describes a whole area containing related occupations. The plural is Berufsfelder, with an umlaut, not Berufsfelds.
Das Berufsfeld verändert sich durch die Digitalisierung.
The occupational field is changing because of digitalisation.
verändert sich means is changing, and die Digitalisierung means digitalisation. Berufsfeld is nominative because it is the subject; durch die Digitalisierung is an accusative phrase showing the cause.
Viele junge Menschen entdecken ein neues Berufsfeld.
Many young people discover a new field of work.
viele junge Menschen means many young people, entdecken means discover, and neu means new. ein neues Berufsfeld is accusative because entdecken takes a direct object; the adjective has the ending -es after the neuter article ein.
In diesem Berufsfeld braucht man gute technische Kenntnisse.
In this field of work, you need good technical knowledge.
in diesem means in this, braucht man means one needs, and technische Kenntnisse are technical skills or knowledge. diesem Berufsfeld is dative because in describes a fixed location or area here; braucht is in position two.
Die Entwicklung des Berufsfeldes ist schwer vorherzusagen.
The development of the occupational field is difficult to predict.
die Entwicklung means the development, and schwer vorherzusagen means difficult to predict. des Berufsfeldes is genitive because it identifies the field whose development is discussed; ist is in position two, while the infinitive phrase comes at the end.
Die verschiedenen Berufsfelder bieten unterschiedliche Chancen.
The different occupational fields offer different opportunities.
verschieden means different, bieten means offer, and unterschiedliche Chancen means different opportunities. Berufsfelder is plural and nominative because it is the subject; the plural verb bieten stands in position two.

die Berufsgruppe — occupational group, professional group ​

Berufsgruppe groups people by their occupation, such as teachers or engineers. With zu it takes the dative, as in zu einer Berufsgruppe gehören; with für, however, it takes the accusative.
Die Berufsgruppe der Pflegekräfte braucht mehr Unterstützung.
The occupational group of nursing staff needs more support.
Pflegekräfte means nursing staff, and Unterstützung means support. Berufsgruppe is nominative because it is the subject; der Pflegekräfte is genitive and identifies the group, while braucht is in position two.
Die Regierung unterstĂĽtzt die Berufsgruppe finanziell.
The government supports the occupational group financially.
die Regierung means the government, unterstĂĽtzt means supports, and finanziell means financially. die Berufsgruppe is accusative because unterstĂĽtzen takes a direct object; the finite verb unterstĂĽtzt is in position two.
FĂĽr diese Berufsgruppe gelten besondere Regeln.
Special rules apply to this occupational group.
fĂĽr diese means for this, gelten means apply, and besondere Regeln means special rules. In this sentence Berufsgruppe is accusative, not dative, because fĂĽr always takes accusative; the phrase is placed first, so gelten comes next.
Die Interessen der Berufsgruppe mĂĽssen berĂĽcksichtigt werden.
The interests of the occupational group must be taken into account.
die Interessen means the interests, and berĂĽcksichtigt werden means be taken into account. der Berufsgruppe is genitive because it shows whose interests are meant; the passive bracket mĂĽssen berĂĽcksichtigt werden comes after the subject.
Mehrere Berufsgruppen fordern bessere Arbeitsbedingungen.
Several occupational groups are demanding better working conditions.
mehrere means several, fordern means demand, and bessere Arbeitsbedingungen means better working conditions. Berufsgruppen is plural and nominative because it is the subject; the plural verb fordern is in position two.

die Berufung — calling, vocation; appeal; appeal (in law) ​

This noun has two common meanings: a personal vocation and a legal appeal. The plural Berufungen can refer to either meaning, depending on context.
Die Berufung der Ă„rztin ist es, Menschen zu helfen.
The doctor’s calling is to help people.
die Ă„rztin means female doctor, and Menschen means people; zu helfen means to help. Die Berufung is nominative because it is the subject, while der Ă„rztin is genitive and means of the doctor; the infinitive phrase follows ist es, and zu helfen stands at the end.
Sie hat eine Berufung gefunden.
She has found a calling.
gefunden means found. Eine Berufung is accusative because finden takes a direct object; hat is the finite auxiliary in position two and gefunden goes to the end in the perfect.
Seine Berufung war die Musik.
His calling was music.
Seine means his, and die Musik means music. Seine Berufung is nominative here, not dative; there is no dative object in this sentence, and the finite verb war stands in position two.
Die Bedeutung der Berufung ist nicht immer klar.
The meaning of a calling is not always clear.
Die Bedeutung means the meaning, and klar means clear. Der Berufung is genitive because it shows what the meaning belongs to; the finite verb ist is in position two, while nicht immer means not always.
Viele Berufungen entstehen schon in der Jugend.
Many callings already develop in youth.
Viele means many, entstehen means develop or arise, and die Jugend means youth. Berufungen is nominative plural because it is the subject; the finite verb entstehen stands in position two.
Der Anwalt legte Berufung gegen das Urteil ein.
The lawyer appealed against the judgment.
Der Anwalt means the lawyer, legte ... ein means lodged or filed, and das Urteil means the judgment. The fixed expression Berufung einlegen means to appeal; gegen takes the accusative, so das Urteil is accusative, and the separable verb legte ... ein splits around the object.
Das Gericht prüft die Berufung nächste Woche.
The court will examine the appeal next week.
Das Gericht means the court, prüft means examines, and nächste Woche means next week. Die Berufung is accusative because prüfen takes a direct object; the finite verb prüft stands in position two.

das Betriebsgeheimnis — trade secret; business secret ​

This is a compound of Betrieb (business or company) and Geheimnis (secret). It is mainly used in business and legal contexts; the plural is Betriebsgeheimnisse.
Das Betriebsgeheimnis muss geschĂĽtzt werden.
The trade secret must be protected.
geschĂĽtzt means protected, and muss ... werden means must be made or must be. Das Betriebsgeheimnis is nominative as the subject of the passive sentence; the modal muss is in position two and werden goes to the end.
Die Firma schĂĽtzt das Betriebsgeheimnis.
The company protects the trade secret.
die Firma means the company, and schĂĽtzt means protects. Das Betriebsgeheimnis is accusative because schĂĽtzen takes a direct object; the neuter article looks the same in nominative and accusative.
Die Mitarbeiter folgen dem Betriebsgeheimnis nicht.
The employees do not follow the trade secret.
die Mitarbeiter means the employees, and folgen means follow; nicht means not. Dem Betriebsgeheimnis is dative because folgen takes a dative object, although this wording is unusual and normally means following a rule or instruction.
Der Schutz des Betriebsgeheimnisses ist gesetzlich geregelt.
The protection of the trade secret is regulated by law.
der Schutz means protection, and gesetzlich geregelt means regulated by law. Des Betriebsgeheimnisses is genitive because it identifies what is being protected; ist stands in position two.
Die Betriebsgeheimnisse dĂĽrfen nicht nach auĂźen gelangen.
The trade secrets must not become known outside the company.
dĂĽrfen nicht means must not, and nach auĂźen gelangen means become known or get outside. Betriebsgeheimnisse is plural and nominative as the subject; the modal dĂĽrfen is in position two and gelangen goes to the end.

der Betriebsrat — works council; works-council member ​

A Betriebsrat is the elected employee-representation body in a company, not one individual employee. The plural Betriebsräte can mean several councils or, depending on context, several council members.
Der Betriebsrat vertritt die Beschäftigten.
The works council represents the employees.
vertritt means represents, and die Beschäftigten means the employees. Der Betriebsrat is nominative as the subject, while die Beschäftigten is accusative because vertreten takes a direct object.
Die Belegschaft wählt den Betriebsrat.
The workforce elects the works council.
die Belegschaft means the workforce, and wählt means elects. Den Betriebsrat is accusative because wählen takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Die Geschäftsführung spricht mit dem Betriebsrat.
The management speaks with the works council.
die Geschäftsführung means the management, and spricht mit means speaks with. Dem Betriebsrat is dative because mit always takes the dative; spricht stands in position two.
Die Entscheidung des Betriebsrats wird morgen bekannt gegeben.
The works council's decision will be announced tomorrow.
die Entscheidung means the decision, morgen means tomorrow, and bekannt gegeben means announced. Des Betriebsrats is genitive and shows whose decision it is; the passive verb bracket has wird in position two and gegeben at the end.
Die Betriebsräte treffen sich zu einer Konferenz.
The works councils meet for a conference.
treffen sich means meet, and zu einer Konferenz means for a conference. Betriebsräte is plural and nominative as the subject; zu takes the dative, so einer Konferenz is dative.
Sie ist seit zwei Jahren im Betriebsrat.
She has been on the works council for two years.
seit zwei Jahren means for two years, and im means in or on the. Im Betriebsrat is dative after in because it describes a fixed location or membership, not movement; ist stands in position two.
Er wurde in den Betriebsrat gewählt.
He was elected to the works council.
wurde gewählt means was elected, and in den means into or to the. In den Betriebsrat is accusative because in expresses movement or a change of status here; wurde is the finite passive verb in position two.

die Betriebsrätin — female works-council member ​

A Betriebsrätin is a woman elected to represent employees on a company’s works council. The masculine form is Betriebsrat, and the plural of the feminine form is Betriebsrätinnen.
Die Betriebsrätin spricht heute mit den Beschäftigten.
The female works-council member is speaking with the employees today.
heute means today, sprechen means to speak, and die Beschäftigten are the employees. Die Betriebsrätin is nominative because she is the subject, while mit den Beschäftigten is dative because mit always takes the dative; the finite verb spricht is in position two.
Der Arbeitgeber informiert die Betriebsrätin über die Änderungen.
The employer informs the female works-council member about the changes.
der Arbeitgeber is the employer, informieren means to inform, and die Änderungen are the changes. Die Betriebsrätin is accusative because informieren takes a direct object; the preposition über also takes the accusative here because it means “about” a subject.
Die Kolleginnen vertrauen der Betriebsrätin.
The female colleagues trust the female works-council member.
die Kolleginnen are the female colleagues, and vertrauen means to trust. Der Betriebsrätin is dative because vertrauen requires a dative object, not an accusative one; the finite verb vertrauen stands in position two.
Die Entscheidung der Betriebsrätin war wichtig.
The female works-council member’s decision was important.
die Entscheidung is the decision and wichtig means important. Der Betriebsrätin is genitive because it shows whose decision it was; the feminine noun does not change, but the article der marks the genitive.
Die Betriebsrätinnen nehmen an der Sitzung teil.
The female works-council members take part in the meeting.
die Sitzung is the meeting, and teilnehmen means to take part. Betriebsrätinnen is plural and has no ending for the case here because it is nominative; teilnehmen is separable, so nehmen comes in position two and teil goes to the end.
Die Betriebsrätin beantwortet die Fragen der Mitarbeiter.
The female works-council member answers the employees’ questions.
beantworten means to answer, die Fragen are the questions, and der Mitarbeiter means of the employees. Die Betriebsrätin is the nominative subject, while die Fragen is accusative because it is the object of beantworten; der Mitarbeiter is genitive and shows whose questions they are.

die Betriebsvereinbarung — company agreement; works-council agreement ​

A Betriebsvereinbarung is a formal agreement made between a company’s management and its works council. It sets rules for employees, for example working hours or workplace conduct.
Die Betriebsvereinbarung regelt die Arbeitszeiten.
The company agreement regulates working hours.
regeln means to regulate, and die Arbeitszeiten are the working hours. Die Betriebsvereinbarung is nominative because it is the subject, while die Arbeitszeiten is accusative because it is the object of regelt; the finite verb is in position two.
Der Chef liest die Betriebsvereinbarung.
The boss is reading the company agreement.
der Chef is the boss and lesen means to read. Die Betriebsvereinbarung is accusative because lesen takes a direct object; its feminine article looks the same in the nominative and accusative.
Die Beschäftigten stimmen der Betriebsvereinbarung zu.
The employees agree to the company agreement.
die Beschäftigten are the employees, and zustimmen means to agree to something. Der Betriebsvereinbarung is dative because zustimmen requires a dative object; zustimmen is separable, so stimmen is in position two and zu is at the end.
Der Inhalt der Betriebsvereinbarung ist klar.
The content of the company agreement is clear.
der Inhalt is the content and klar means clear. Der Betriebsvereinbarung is genitive because it says whose content it is; the feminine noun does not change, but der marks the genitive.
Neue Betriebsvereinbarungen gelten ab Januar.
New company agreements apply from January.
neu means new, gelten means to apply or be valid, and ab Januar means from January onwards. Betriebsvereinbarungen is plural and nominative because it is the subject; the plural ending -en is part of the noun form.
Die Betriebsvereinbarung schützt die Beschäftigten.
The company agreement protects the employees.
schützen means to protect, and die Beschäftigten are the employees. Die Betriebsvereinbarung is the nominative subject, while die Beschäftigten is accusative because it is the object; the finite verb schützt is in position two.

die Betriebswirtschaft — business administration; business economics ​

Betriebswirtschaft is the academic and practical study of how a business is run. It is often used without an article when it names the subject, as in Betriebswirtschaft studieren.
Betriebswirtschaft ist mein Studienfach.
Business administration is my field of study.
mein Studienfach means my field of study. Betriebswirtschaft is nominative because it is the subject, and the subject is used without an article here because it names an academic subject in general; ist is in position two.
Viele Studierende wählen Betriebswirtschaft als Hauptfach.
Many students choose business administration as their main subject.
viele Studierende means many students, wählen means to choose, and das Hauptfach is the main subject. Betriebswirtschaft is an accusative object after wählen, but it has no article because it refers to the subject area in general.
Sie widmet sich der Betriebswirtschaft.
She devotes herself to business administration.
sich widmen means to devote oneself to something, and sie means she. Der Betriebswirtschaft is dative because sich widmen requires a dative object; the feminine article der can be mistaken for a masculine nominative article.
Die Methoden der Betriebswirtschaft helfen vielen Firmen.
The methods of business administration help many companies.
die Methoden are the methods, helfen means to help, and vielen Firmen means many companies. Der Betriebswirtschaft is genitive because it identifies whose methods they are, while vielen Firmen is dative because helfen takes a dative object.
Moderne Betriebswirtschaften untersuchen auch nachhaltige Unternehmen.
Modern business-administration disciplines also examine sustainable companies.
modern means modern, untersuchen means to examine, auch means also, and nachhaltig means sustainable. Betriebswirtschaften is plural and nominative because it is the subject; nachhaltige Unternehmen is accusative because it is the object of untersuchen.
Betriebswirtschaft verbindet Zahlen mit praktischen Entscheidungen.
Business administration connects figures with practical decisions.
verbinden means to connect, Zahlen are figures or numbers, and praktische Entscheidungen are practical decisions. Betriebswirtschaft is the articleless nominative subject; Zahlen is accusative, while mit praktischen Entscheidungen is dative because mit always takes the dative.

die Buchführung — bookkeeping, accounting ​

BuchfĂĽhrung focuses on the process and records of keeping accounts. It is related to Buchhaltung, which often means the accounting department or the broader accounting function.
Die BuchfĂĽhrung ist heute digital.
The bookkeeping is digital today.
digital means “digital”, and heute means “today”. Die Buchführung is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Der Betrieb organisiert die BuchfĂĽhrung selbst.
The business organises the bookkeeping itself.
der Betrieb means “the business”, organisiert means “organises”, and selbst means “itself”. Die Buchführung is accusative because organisieren takes a direct object, while the finite verb stands in position two.
Wir vertrauen der BuchfĂĽhrung nicht.
We do not trust the bookkeeping.
vertrauen means “trust”, and nicht means “not”. Der Buchführung is dative because vertrauen governs the dative; the finite verb vertrauen stands in position two.
Die Qualität der Buchführung ist entscheidend.
The quality of the bookkeeping is crucial.
die Qualität means “the quality”, and entscheidend means “crucial”. Der Buchführung is genitive after Qualität to show what kind of quality is meant; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Moderne BuchfĂĽhrungen speichern viele Daten.
Modern bookkeeping systems store a lot of data.
moderne means “modern”, speichern means “store”, and viele Daten means “a lot of data”. Buchführungen is plural and has no ending on the adjective here because the zero article supplies the plural marking; the verb is plural and stands in position two.

die Buchhaltung — accounting, accounts department ​

Buchhaltung can mean the accounting work or the department that does it, depending on context. Do not automatically translate it as BuchfĂĽhrung: BuchfĂĽhrung stresses the systematic recording of transactions.
Die Buchhaltung prĂĽft die Rechnungen.
The accounting department checks the invoices.
prüft means “checks”, and die Rechnungen means “the invoices”. Die Buchhaltung is nominative because it is the subject, and die Rechnungen is accusative because prüfen takes a direct object.
Der Chef ruft die Buchhaltung an.
The boss calls the accounting department.
der Chef means “the boss”, and ruft ... an means “calls”. Die Buchhaltung is accusative after anrufen, and the separable verb splits so that ruft is in position two and an goes to the end.
Ich gebe der Buchhaltung die Belege.
I give the receipts to the accounting department.
gebe means “give”, die Belege means “the receipts”, and ich means “I”. Der Buchhaltung is dative because it is the recipient, while die Belege is the accusative thing given.
Die Leitung der Buchhaltung fehlt heute.
The management of the accounting department is absent today.
die Leitung means “the management”, and fehlt means “is absent” or “is missing”. Der Buchhaltung is genitive after Leitung to show whose management is meant; fehlt stands in position two.
GroĂźe Unternehmen haben eigene Buchhaltungen.
Large companies have their own accounting departments.
große Unternehmen means “large companies”, and eigene means “their own”. Buchhaltungen is plural and accusative after haben; with no article, the plural is shown by the noun ending and the adjective ending.

die Bundesrätin — female Federal Councillor; female member of the Federal Council ​

die Bundesrätin is the feminine form of der Bundesrat. It usually refers to a woman in the Swiss Federal Council, but it can also mean a female member of Germany's Bundesrat; the context identifies the country.
Die Bundesrätin spricht heute im Parlament.
The female Federal Councillor is speaking in parliament today.
spricht means speaks, heute means today, and im Parlament means in parliament. Die Bundesrätin is the nominative subject; im is short for in dem, and in takes the dative here because it describes the place of speaking.
Die Zeitung interviewt die Bundesrätin.
The newspaper is interviewing the female Federal Councillor.
die Zeitung means the newspaper, and interviewt means interviews. die Bundesrätin is accusative because it is the direct object of interviewen; the feminine article is identical in the nominative and accusative.
Die Journalisten stellen der Bundesrätin Fragen.
The journalists ask the female Federal Councillor questions.
die Journalisten means the journalists, stellen means ask or put, and Fragen means questions. der Bundesrätin is dative because jemandem Fragen stellen gives the questions to someone, while Fragen is accusative.
Die Rede der Bundesrätin war überzeugend.
The female Federal Councillor's speech was convincing.
die Rede means the speech, war means was, and überzeugend means convincing. der Bundesrätin is genitive because it shows whose speech it was; the feminine noun itself does not change form.
Mehrere Bundesrätinnen nehmen an der Sitzung teil.
Several female Federal Councillors take part in the meeting.
mehrere means several, nehmen ... teil means take part, and die Sitzung means the meeting. Mehrere Bundesrätinnen is the plural subject; the separable verb teilnehmen splits into nehmen in position two and teil at the end.
Die Bundesrätin wurde im Fernsehen interviewt.
The female Federal Councillor was interviewed on television.
wurde ... interviewt means was interviewed, and im Fernsehen means on television. Die Bundesrätin is the nominative subject of the passive sentence, although she would be an accusative object in Die Zeitung interviewt die Bundesrätin; the participle interviewt stands at the end.

das Controlling — controlling, management accounting ​

Controlling is an English loanword used for financial planning, monitoring, and reporting in a company. It is normally a mass noun, so it usually has no plural and is often used with im, as in im Controlling.
Das Controlling prĂĽft jeden Monat die Kosten.
Controlling checks the costs every month.
jeden Monat means every month, and die Kosten means the costs or expenses. Das Controlling is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb prĂĽft stands in position two.
Die Firma verbessert das Controlling.
The company is improving its controlling system.
die Firma means the company, and verbessert means improves. Das Controlling is accusative because verbessern takes a direct object; the finite verb verbessert is in position two.
Mit dem Controlling sparen wir viel Geld.
With controlling, we save a lot of money.
mit means with, and sparen means save; viel Geld means a lot of money. Mit always takes the dative, so dem Controlling is dative, while sparen stands in position two.
Die Aufgaben des Controllings sind sehr genau.
The controlling department's tasks are very precise.
die Aufgaben means the tasks, and genau means precise or exact. Des Controllings is genitive because it shows whose tasks they are; the finite verb sind stands in position two.
Viele Unternehmen brauchen moderne Controllings.
Many companies need modern controlling systems.
viele Unternehmen means many companies, brauchen means need, and moderne means modern. In standard everyday German, Controlling is normally a mass noun and has no ordinary plural; this sentence uses the rare countable business sense of separate controlling systems, with Controllings as the accusative object.

das Dienstmädchen — maid, domestic servant ​

Dienstmädchen is a historical term for a female domestic servant and can sound dated today. The ending -chen makes the noun neuter, so it is das Dienstmädchen, not feminine die.
Das Dienstmädchen arbeitet im großen Haushalt.
The maid works in the large household.
arbeitet means works, and der große Haushalt means the large household. Das Dienstmädchen is nominative because it is the subject; im is short for in dem, and großen Haushalt is dative after location in.
Die Familie beschäftigt das Dienstmädchen.
The family employs the maid.
die Familie means the family, and beschäftigt means employs. das Dienstmädchen is accusative because beschäftigen takes a direct object; its form is identical to the nominative because it is a neuter noun.
Die Kinder helfen dem Dienstmädchen in der Küche.
The children help the maid in the kitchen.
die Kinder means the children, helfen means help, and die Küche means the kitchen. dem Dienstmädchen is dative because helfen governs the dative; the plural subject Die Kinder makes helfen plural.
Die Arbeit des Dienstmädchens war anstrengend.
The maid's work was tiring.
die Arbeit means the work, and anstrengend means tiring. des Dienstmädchens is genitive because it shows who the work belonged to; the noun takes -s, although the plural has no ending.
Früher arbeiteten viele Dienstmädchen in den Städten.
In the past, many maids worked in the cities.
früher means in the past, viele means many, and die Städte means the cities. Viele Dienstmädchen is a plural nominative subject; the form stays unchanged, and the finite verb arbeiteten is in position two after Früher.
Im Roman wird ein Dienstmädchen ungerecht behandelt.
In the novel, a maid is treated unfairly.
der Roman means the novel, ungerecht means unfairly, and behandelt means treated. ein Dienstmädchen is nominative in the passive sentence; wird is the finite verb in position two and behandelt goes to the end.

die Durchführung — implementation, carrying out ​

DurchfĂĽhrung is a formal noun formed from durchfĂĽhren, to carry out. It is common in official, business, and administrative language, as in die DurchfĂĽhrung einer PrĂĽfung.
Die DurchfĂĽhrung des Projekts beginnt im Mai.
The implementation of the project begins in May.
das Projekt is the project and beginnt means begins. Die DurchfĂĽhrung is nominative because it is the subject; des Projekts is genitive and shows which project is being implemented.
Wir planen die DurchfĂĽhrung der Veranstaltung.
We are planning the implementation of the event.
wir means we, planen means plan, and die Veranstaltung is the event. Die DurchfĂĽhrung is accusative because planen takes an accusative object; der Veranstaltung is genitive and identifies the event.
Die Leitung stimmt der DurchfĂĽhrung zu.
The management agrees to the implementation.
die Leitung is the management and stimmt zu means agrees. Der DurchfĂĽhrung is dative because separable zustimmen governs the dative; the prefix zu stands at the end of the main clause.
Die Qualität der Durchführung war sehr gut.
The quality of the implementation was very good.
die Qualität is the quality and sehr gut means very good. Der Durchführung is genitive after die Qualität to show what kind of quality; war is the past form of sein.
Die DurchfĂĽhrungen finden an verschiedenen Orten statt.
The implementations take place at different locations.
verschieden means different and der Ort means location; an verschiedenen Orten means at different locations. DurchfĂĽhrungen is plural and forms the nominative subject, while stattfinden separates into finden ... statt in the main clause.

eigeninitiativ — proactive; self-motivated ​

Eigeninitiativ is mainly used in professional and educational contexts for someone who acts without being told what to do. It is a compound adjective from eigen and Initiative.
Sie arbeitet sehr eigeninitiativ.
She works very proactively.
arbeiten means to work and sehr means very. Eigeninitiativ is used predicatively after arbeitet, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb is in position two.
Wir suchen einen eigeninitiativen Mitarbeiter.
We are looking for a proactive employee.
suchen means to look for, and der Mitarbeiter means employee. Einen eigeninitiativen Mitarbeiter is accusative because suchen takes a direct object; the adjective gets -en after einen.
Anna ist eigeninitiativer als ihre Kollegen.
Anna is more proactive than her colleagues.
die Kollegen means colleagues. Eigeninitiativer follows ist and is therefore predicative without an ending; als introduces the group used for comparison.
Von allen Bewerbern war er am eigeninitiativsten.
Of all the applicants, he was the most proactive.
von allen Bewerbern means of all the applicants, and war is the past tense of sein. Am eigeninitiativsten is a predicative superlative after war; von forces the dative plural.

erbringen — to provide; to perform; to produce ​

Erbringen is a formal verb used for services, achievements, proof and results. It is a mixed verb: erbringen – erbrachte – hat erbracht, and it takes haben in the perfect.
Das Unternehmen erbringt wichtige Dienstleistungen.
The company provides important services.
das Unternehmen is the company, and wichtige Dienstleistungen means important services. Dienstleistungen is accusative because erbringen takes a direct object; the finite verb erbringt stands in position two.
Die Firma hat den Nachweis erbracht.
The company provided the proof.
die Firma is the company, and der Nachweis is the proof or evidence. Den Nachweis is accusative because it is the object of erbringen; the perfect uses hat ... erbracht, with the participle at the end.
Der Anbieter erbrachte die vereinbarte Leistung pĂĽnktlich.
The provider performed the agreed service on time.
der Anbieter is the provider, die vereinbarte Leistung is the agreed service, and pĂĽnktlich means on time. The object is accusative, and the preterite form erbrachte is common in formal written reports.
Erbring bitte die nötigen Unterlagen.
Please provide the necessary documents.
bitte means please, and die nötigen Unterlagen means the necessary documents. Erbring is the informal singular imperative; the object is accusative, and the formal verb should not be confused with the everyday verb bringen.
Er wĂĽrde den Beweis erbringen, wenn man ihn lieĂźe.
He would provide the proof if he were allowed to.
der Beweis means the proof, wenn means if, and lieĂźe means allowed. Erbringen stays in the infinitive after wĂĽrde and goes to the end of the main clause; den Beweis is accusative.
Das neue System wird bessere Ergebnisse erbringen.
The new system will produce better results.
das neue System is the new system, and bessere Ergebnisse means better results. The future uses wird ... erbringen, with the infinitive at the end; the results are an accusative object.

die Erstellung — creation, preparation, production ​

This feminine noun is often used for the process of producing a document, product, or digital item. It is more formal than the everyday verb erstellen, to create or prepare.
Die Erstellung des Berichts dauert zwei Tage.
The preparation of the report takes two days.
der Bericht means report, and zwei Tage means two days. Die Erstellung is nominative because it is the subject; des Berichts is genitive because it identifies what is being prepared, and the finite verb dauert stands in position two.
Wir planen die Erstellung einer neuen Website.
We are planning the creation of a new website.
planen means to plan, and eine neue Website means a new website. Die Erstellung is accusative because it is the object of planen; einer neuen Website is genitive because it specifies what is being created, and the infinitive zu is understood with the noun phrase rather than placed separately.
Mit der Erstellung beginnt das Team heute.
The team begins the preparation today.
mit means with, beginnt means begins, and das Team means the team. Der Erstellung is dative because mit always takes the dative; the finite verb beginnt is in position two even though the prepositional phrase comes first.
Die Qualität der Erstellung ist sehr hoch.
The quality of the preparation is very high.
die Qualität means the quality, and sehr hoch means very high. Der Erstellung is genitive because it tells whose quality is meant; the finite verb ist stands in position two, after the subject phrase.
Digitale Erstellungen lassen sich leicht speichern.
Digital creations can be saved easily.
digital means digital, and speichern means to save. Erstellungen is plural and has no plural ending beyond -en; lassen sich expresses that something can be done, and the infinitive speichern goes to the end.

die Festanstellung — permanent position, permanent employment ​

A Festanstellung normally has no predetermined end date, unlike eine befristete Anstellung, a fixed-term position. The noun is common in job advertisements and formal work-related speech.
Die Festanstellung bietet Sicherheit.
The permanent position offers security.
bietet means “offers,” and Sicherheit means “security.” Die Festanstellung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb bietet stands in position two.
Sie sucht eine Festanstellung.
She is looking for a permanent position.
sucht means “is looking for.” Eine Festanstellung is accusative because suchen takes a direct object; the finite verb sucht is in position two.
Er arbeitet in einer Festanstellung.
He works in a permanent position.
arbeitet means “works,” and in here means “in the situation of.” Einer Festanstellung is dative because in describes a location or situation here, not movement; the finite verb arbeitet is in position two.
Die Vorteile der Festanstellung sind klar.
The advantages of permanent employment are clear.
die Vorteile means “the advantages,” and klar means “clear.” Der Festanstellung is genitive because it identifies whose advantages they are; the finite verb sind stands in position two.
Viele Festanstellungen werden ausgeschrieben.
Many permanent positions are advertised.
viele means “many,” and ausgeschrieben means “advertised or posted.” Festanstellungen is plural and nominative as the subject of the passive sentence; werden is the finite verb in position two, and ausgeschrieben goes to the end.

die Freistellung — release from work, leave, exemption; exemption, official waiver ​

die Freistellung is a formal word for being released from work or another duty. It is often used with von plus the dative, as in von der Arbeit, and it does not necessarily mean that the employment has ended.
Die Freistellung beginnt am ersten Juni.
The leave from work begins on the first of June.
beginnt means begins, and am ersten Juni means on the first of June. Freistellung is the nominative subject, and the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Der Arbeitgeber genehmigt die Freistellung.
The employer approves the leave from work.
der Arbeitgeber means the employer, and genehmigt means approves. die Freistellung is accusative because genehmigen takes an accusative object; the finite verb genehmigt is in position two.
Nach Freistellung von der Arbeit kehrt sie langsam zurĂĽck.
After leave from work, she slowly returns.
nach means after, von der Arbeit means from work, and kehrt ... zurĂĽck means returns. nach takes the dative, although the feminine noun Freistellung has no visible ending change; the separable verb places kehrt in position two and zurĂĽck at the end.
Die Dauer der Freistellung steht im Vertrag.
The duration of the leave is stated in the contract.
die Dauer means the duration, steht means is written or stands, and im Vertrag means in the contract. der Freistellung is genitive because it specifies the duration; the finite verb steht is in position two.
Mehrere Freistellungen wurden im Bericht erwähnt.
Several periods of leave were mentioned in the report.
mehrere means several, wurden ... erwähnt means were mentioned, and im Bericht means in the report. Freistellungen is the plural subject, and the passive uses wurden plus the Partizip II erwähnt.
Die Studentin beantragt eine Freistellung von der PrĂĽfung.
The student applies for an exemption from the examination.
die Studentin means the female student, beantragt means applies for, and die PrĂĽfung means the examination. eine Freistellung is accusative after beantragen, while von der PrĂĽfung uses the dative because von requires it.
FĂĽr die Teilnahme ist eine Freistellung erforderlich.
An exemption is required for participation.
fĂĽr die Teilnahme means for participation, and erforderlich means required. fĂĽr takes the accusative, while eine Freistellung is the nominative subject after ist; the finite verb is in position two.

fristlos — without notice; immediate ​

fristlos is mainly used for ending employment or a contract immediately, without a notice period. It can be compared when different contracts or dismissals have different degrees of immediacy.
Der Arbeitgeber hat ihm fristlos gekĂĽndigt.
The employer terminated his employment without notice.
der Arbeitgeber means the employer, and ihm means to him; gekĂĽndigt means terminated or gave notice. The adjective describes the manner of gekĂĽndigt haben; ihm is dative because jemandem kĂĽndigen means to terminate someone's employment.
Sie erhielt eine fristlose KĂĽndigung.
She received a termination without notice.
erhielt means received, and die KĂĽndigung is a termination or notice of dismissal. fristlose stands before the feminine accusative noun KĂĽndigung and takes -e after eine; eine KĂĽndigung is accusative because erhalten takes a direct object.
Dieser Vertrag ist fristloser als der alte Vertrag.
This contract is more immediate than the old contract.
dieser Vertrag means this contract, der alte Vertrag means the old contract, and als means than. fristloser compares two contracts and is predicative after ist; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Von allen Verträgen war dieser am fristlosesten.
Of all the contracts, this one had the shortest notice period.
von allen Verträgen means of all the contracts, and dieser means this one. am fristlosesten is the predicative superlative after war; von takes the dative, so allen Verträgen is dative plural.

die Führungsqualität — leadership quality; leadership skill ​

The compound combines Führung, leadership, with Qualität, quality. It is often used in the plural Führungsqualitäten when several skills are meant, such as communication and decision-making.
Führungsqualität ist in dieser Position besonders wichtig.
Leadership quality is especially important in this position.
in dieser Position means in this position and besonders wichtig means especially important. Führungsqualität is a singular subject in the nominative, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Das Unternehmen sucht eine Person mit Führungsqualität.
The company is looking for a person with leadership quality.
das Unternehmen means the company, sucht means is looking for, and eine Person means a person. Eine Person is accusative after suchen; mit Führungsqualität uses the dative after mit.
Wir vertrauen ihrer Führungsqualität.
We trust her leadership quality.
wir means we, vertrauen means trust, and ihrer means her in the dative feminine. Ihrer Führungsqualität is dative because vertrauen takes a dative object.
Der Erfolg hängt von der Führungsqualität ab.
Success depends on the quality of the leadership.
der Erfolg means success and hängt ... ab means depends. Von der Führungsqualität uses the dative after von, while the separable verb abhängen places ab at the end.
Gute Führungsqualitäten sind nicht selbstverständlich.
Good leadership qualities cannot be taken for granted.
gute means good and nicht selbstverständlich means not to be taken for granted. Führungsqualitäten is the plural subject, so the verb is plural: sind.

die Gastronomie — hospitality industry, food-service sector ​

This is a professional and business term for the restaurant, café and catering sector. It is broader and more formal than a single Gaststätte, which is one establishment.
Die Gastronomie braucht gut ausgebildete Fachkräfte.
The hospitality industry needs well-trained skilled workers.
brauchen means to need, gut ausgebildet means well-trained, and Fachkräfte means skilled workers. Die Gastronomie is nominative because it is the subject, while gut ausgebildete Fachkräfte is accusative after brauchen; the finite verb braucht is in position two.
Die Stadt fördert die Gastronomie im Zentrum.
The city supports the hospitality industry in the centre.
die Stadt means the city, fördern means to support or promote, and im Zentrum means in the centre. Die Gastronomie is accusative because it is the object of fördert; im Zentrum is a location phrase, and the finite verb is in position two.
Viele Menschen arbeiten in der Gastronomie.
Many people work in the hospitality industry.
viele Menschen means many people, arbeiten means work, and in der means in the. Der Gastronomie is dative because in describes the sector in which people work; the finite verb arbeiten is in position two.
Die Zukunft der Gastronomie hängt von den Gästen ab.
The future of the hospitality industry depends on the guests.
die Zukunft means the future, hängt ... ab means depends, and von den Gästen means on the guests. Der Gastronomie is genitive because it identifies whose future is meant; von takes dative, and the separable verb abhängen splits in the main clause.
Moderne Gastronomien bieten vegane Gerichte an.
Modern food-service businesses offer vegan dishes.
modern means modern, bieten ... an means offer, vegan means vegan, and Gerichte means dishes. Moderne Gastronomien is plural nominative, while vegane Gerichte is accusative after anbieten; the separable prefix an moves to the end of the main clause.

der Gegenvorschlag — counterproposal, alternative proposal ​

This formal compound is common in negotiations and business discussions. The first part, Gegen-, means counter- or opposing, while der Vorschlag means proposal.
Der Gegenvorschlag klingt vernĂĽnftig.
The counterproposal sounds reasonable.
klingt means sounds and vernĂĽnftig means reasonable. Der Gegenvorschlag is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb klingt stands in position two.
Wir prĂĽfen den Gegenvorschlag morgen.
We will examine the counterproposal tomorrow.
prĂĽfen means examine or review and morgen means tomorrow. Den Gegenvorschlag is accusative because prĂĽfen takes a direct object; the finite verb prĂĽfen is in position two.
Wir haben dem Gegenvorschlag zugestimmt.
We agreed to the counterproposal.
zugestimmt means agreed to. Dem Gegenvorschlag is dative because zustimmen always takes a dative object, and haben zugestimmt puts the participle at the end.
Die Details des Gegenvorschlags sind noch offen.
The details of the counterproposal are still open.
die Details means the details and noch offen means still undecided. Des Gegenvorschlags is genitive to show whose details they are; the masculine noun adds -s in the genitive.
Mehrere Gegenvorschläge liegen auf dem Tisch.
Several counterproposals are on the table.
mehrere means several and liegen auf dem Tisch means are on the table. Mehrere Gegenvorschläge is plural nominative as the subject, while auf dem Tisch is dative because it describes a fixed location.

die Geschäftsführung — executive management; management board; management; running a business ​

This word can mean the management team itself or the function of managing a company. Do not confuse it with der Geschäftsführer, a male managing director, or die Geschäftsführerin, a female managing director.
Die Geschäftsführung stellt heute den neuen Plan vor.
The executive management is presenting the new plan today.
den neuen Plan means the new plan, and vorstellen means to present. Die Geschäftsführung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb stellt is in position two, while the separable prefix vor goes to the end.
Der Aufsichtsrat informiert die Geschäftsführung über die Probleme.
The supervisory board informs the executive management about the problems.
der Aufsichtsrat is the supervisory board, informieren means to inform, and die Probleme means the problems. Die Geschäftsführung is accusative because informieren takes a direct object; the finite verb informiert stands in position two.
Die Mitarbeiter vertrauen der Geschäftsführung.
The employees trust the executive management.
die Mitarbeiter are the employees, and vertrauen means to trust. Der Geschäftsführung is dative because vertrauen governs the dative; the feminine article changes from die to der.
Die Entscheidung der Geschäftsführung wurde kritisiert.
The decision of the executive management was criticised.
die Entscheidung is the decision, wurde kritisiert means was criticised, and kritisieren means to criticise. Der Geschäftsführung is genitive because it identifies whose decision it was; the passive verb phrase comes after the subject.
Mehrere Geschäftsführungen arbeiten an gemeinsamen Regeln.
Several executive management teams are working on common rules.
mehrere means several, gemeinsam means common or joint, and Regeln are rules. Geschäftsführungen is the plural subject and therefore has the plural verb arbeiten.
Die Geschäftsführung des Hotels liegt in den Händen der Familie.
The management of the hotel is in the hands of the family.
des Hotels means of the hotel, liegt in den Händen means is in the hands of, and die Familie means the family. Des Hotels is genitive after the noun phrase die Geschäftsführung; the expression describes who is responsible for managing the hotel.
Für die Geschäftsführung braucht man viel Erfahrung.
You need a lot of experience to manage a business.
für means for, braucht man means one needs, and viel Erfahrung means a lot of experience. Für die Geschäftsführung uses the accusative after für; man gives the general meaning you or one.

die Geschäftsleitung — management; executive leadership; management department; executive leadership ​

Geschäftsleitung usually focuses on the leadership body or leadership level of a company. It is very close to Geschäftsführung, but companies may use the two terms differently in their official organisation.
Die Geschäftsleitung entscheidet über das Budget.
The management decides on the budget.
entscheidet means decides, and das Budget is the budget. Die Geschäftsleitung is nominative because it is the subject; über das Budget uses the accusative after über in this meaning of deciding about something.
Der Betriebsrat bittet die Geschäftsleitung um ein Gespräch.
The works council asks the management for a meeting.
der Betriebsrat is the works council, bittet means asks, and ein Gespräch is a meeting or conversation. Die Geschäftsleitung is accusative because it is the object of bitten; um ein Gespräch is a fixed phrase with um plus accusative.
Die Angestellten danken der Geschäftsleitung für die Unterstützung.
The employees thank the management for its support.
die Angestellten are the employees, danken means to thank, and die Unterstützung is support. Der Geschäftsleitung is dative because danken governs the dative; für die Unterstützung uses the accusative after für.
Die Entscheidung der Geschäftsleitung überrascht niemanden.
The management's decision surprises no one.
die Entscheidung is the decision, überrascht means surprises, and niemanden means no one. Der Geschäftsleitung is genitive because it shows whose decision it is; niemanden is accusative because it is the object of überraschen.
Die Geschäftsleitungen mehrerer Firmen treffen sich regelmäßig.
The management teams of several companies meet regularly.
mehrerer Firmen means of several companies, treffen sich means meet one another, and regelmäßig means regularly. Geschäftsleitungen is the plural subject; sich treffen is a reflexive expression for people meeting.
Sie arbeitet seit zwei Jahren in der Geschäftsleitung.
She has been working in management for two years.
seit zwei Jahren means for two years, and arbeitet means works. In der Geschäftsleitung uses the dative because it describes a fixed organisational location, not movement into it; seit also takes the dative.
Die Nachricht wurde an die Geschäftsleitung weitergeleitet.
The message was forwarded to the management.
die Nachricht is the message, weiterleiten means to forward, and wurde forms the passive. An die Geschäftsleitung uses the accusative because the message is directed to the management; the Partizip II weitergeleitet stands at the end.

gewissenhaft — conscientious, thorough ​

Gewissenhaft describes someone who works carefully and responsibly, not merely someone who works hard. Its comparison is regular: gewissenhafter, am gewissenhaftesten.
Sie ist sehr gewissenhaft.
She is very conscientious.
sehr means very, and ist means is. Gewissenhaft is predicative after sein, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Er ist ein gewissenhafter Mitarbeiter.
He is a conscientious employee.
Mitarbeiter means employee, and ein means a. Gewissenhafter stands before the masculine nominative noun Mitarbeiter after ein, so it takes the ending -er; ist is the finite verb in position two.
Mara arbeitet gewissenhafter als ihr Kollege.
Mara works more conscientiously than her colleague.
arbeitet means works, als means than, and ihr Kollege means her colleague. Gewissenhafter is the comparative adverb modifying arbeitet, and als introduces the second part of the comparison.
Von allen prĂĽft Anna die Zahlen am gewissenhaftesten.
Of everyone, Anna checks the figures most conscientiously.
von allen means of everyone, prĂĽft means checks, and die Zahlen means the figures. Am gewissenhaftesten is the adverbial superlative, and the finite verb prĂĽft is in position two after the fronted phrase.

der Großhandel — wholesale trade; wholesale business ​

GroĂźhandel is a mass noun and normally has no plural because it refers to wholesale trade as an activity or sector. The opposite is Einzelhandel, retail trade; im GroĂźhandel is a common phrase meaning in wholesale.
Der Großhandel beliefert viele kleine Geschäfte.
The wholesale trade supplies many small shops.
beliefert means supplies, and viele kleine Geschäfte means many small shops. Der Großhandel is nominative as the subject, while viele kleine Geschäfte is accusative because beliefern takes a direct object.
Wir unterstĂĽtzen den GroĂźhandel.
We support the wholesale trade.
unterstĂĽtzen means support. Den GroĂźhandel is accusative because unterstĂĽtzen takes a direct object; the finite verb unterstĂĽtzen stands in position two.
Die Preise im GroĂźhandel sind niedriger.
Wholesale prices are lower.
Preise means prices, and niedriger means lower. Im GroĂźhandel is dative because in describes a location or area here; im is the contraction of in dem.
Die Bedeutung des GroĂźhandels nimmt ab.
The importance of wholesale trade is declining.
Bedeutung means importance, and nimmt ab means is declining. Des GroĂźhandels is genitive after die Bedeutung to show what kind of importance; the separable verb nimmt ab has its finite part in position two and its prefix at the end.

der Großhändler — wholesaler ​

Großhändler can refer to a person or a company. The plural has the same written form as the singular, so use the article and verb to show the number: der Großhändler but die Großhändler verkaufen.
Der Großhändler liefert die Waren an mehrere Läden.
The wholesaler delivers the goods to several shops.
liefert means delivers, Waren means goods, and Läden means shops. Der Großhändler is nominative, die Waren is accusative as the goods delivered, and an mehrere Läden is accusative because an expresses delivery to a destination.
Ich kenne den Großhändler seit vielen Jahren.
I have known the wholesaler for many years.
kenne means know, and seit vielen Jahren means for many years. Den Großhändler is accusative because kennen takes a direct object; the finite verb kenne is in position two.
Wir sprechen mit dem Großhändler über den Preis.
We are talking to the wholesaler about the price.
sprechen means talk, and Preis means price. Dem Großhändler is dative after mit, while über den Preis is accusative after über in this meaning; the finite verb sprechen stands in position two.
Die Angebote des Großhändlers sind günstig.
The wholesaler's offers are inexpensive.
Angebote means offers, and günstig means inexpensive. Des Großhändlers is genitive and shows possession; the finite verb sind is in position two.
Großhändler verkaufen oft an Firmen.
Wholesalers often sell to companies.
verkaufen means sell, oft means often, and Firmen means companies. Großhändler is plural with no ending change, and an Firmen is dative here because an describes the recipients rather than a destination.