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German Student Dictionary — Part 38
Dictionary entries, alphabetical: hören – immer.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
hören, er hört — to hear
Regular verb, not stem-changing (the source's OCR-garbled conjugation table restored): ich höre, du hörst, er/sie/es hört, wir hören, ihr hört, sie hören. Don't confuse with zuhören (to listen [to], + Dativ, separable) — hören is the plain act of hearing a sound, whether or not you're paying attention.
Wir hören den Wind in den Bäumen.
We hear the wind in the trees.
hören = to hear · der Wind = wind · der Baum, ä-e = tree. "Den Bäumen" — Dativ plural after "in" (location, no motion). The dictionary's own example.
Hörst du das Telefon?
Do you hear the phone?
du hörst = you hear (2nd person singular, regular "-st" ending, no stem change) · das Telefon, -e = telephone.
die Hose — pants; trousers
Plural: die Hosen. Usually singular in German even though English "pants/trousers" is plural — eine Hose = "a pair of pants," not "some pants."
Nom Ist die Hose zu lang?
Are the pants too long?
die Hose (feminin) = pants/trousers · lang = long. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Hose is the subject. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Ist diese Hose zu lang?").
Akk Ich bügele die Hose selbst.
I'm ironing the pants myself.
bügeln = to iron · selbst = myself/oneself. "Die" stays "die" in Akkusativ (feminin: die → die). Hose is the direct object. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Ich bügele meine Hose selbst.").
Dat Der Fleck ist an der Hose.
The stain is on the pants.
der Fleck, -en = stain · an + Dativ = on (position, no motion). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "an."
Nom Eine Hose liegt auf dem Bett.
A pair of pants is lying on the bed.
liegen = to lie/be located · das Bett, -en = bed. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Sie kauft eine neue Hose.
She buys a new pair of pants.
kaufen = to buy · neu = new. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ indefinite (eine → eine) — same form as the Nominativ example above, just a different role in the sentence.
Dat Die Flecken sind an den Hosen.
The stains are on the pants.
der Fleck, -en = stain. Plural Dativ: the article is "den" regardless of gender; Hosen already ends in "-n," so no further change.
das Hotel — hotel
Plural: die Hotels (add -s, like most nouns borrowed from French). Compare das Motel and die Pension (guesthouse/bed-and-breakfast).
Nom Das Hotel ist sehr nahe am Bahnhof.
The hotel is very near the train station.
das Hotel (neutral) = hotel · nahe = near · der Bahnhof, ö-e = train station. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Hotel is the subject. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Unser Hotel ist sehr nahe am Bahnhof."), with the OCR-garbled "ist" restored.
Akk Wir buchen das Hotel online.
We book the hotel online.
buchen = to book · online = online. "Das" stays "das" in Akkusativ (neutral: das → das). Hotel is the direct object.
Dat Der Concierge hilft uns in dem Hotel.
The concierge helps us in the hotel.
der Concierge, -s = concierge · helfen = to help (+ Dativ) · in + Dativ = in (location, no motion). "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "in."
Nom Ein Hotel steht direkt am Strand.
A hotel stands right on the beach.
direkt = right/directly · der Strand, ä-e = beach. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same pattern as "das."
Akk Sie empfehlen uns ein gutes Hotel.
They recommend a good hotel to us.
empfehlen = to recommend · gut = good. "Ein" stays "ein" in neutral Akkusativ — no change from Nominativ, unlike maskulin (ein → einen).
Dat Wir vergleichen die Preise von den Hotels.
We compare the prices of the hotels.
vergleichen = to compare · der Preis, -e = price · von = of/from (always Dativ). Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Hotels already ends in "-s," so no further change.
hübsch — pretty
A near-synonym of "schön" (pretty/beautiful), but used especially for people, clothing, and small charming things. The dictionary's own example had its umlauts and one preposition dropped by the scan — restored here.
Was für ein hübsches Kleid!
What a pretty dress!
hübsch = pretty · was für ein…! = what a…! (exclamatory) · das Kleid, -er = dress. The dictionary's own example, restored from the OCR-garbled scan.
Sie hat ein hübsches Lächeln.
She has a pretty smile.
das Lächeln = smile. "Hübsches" — neutral attributive ending after "ein."
der Hubschrauber — helicopter
Plural: die Hubschrauber (unchanged, like most maskulin -er agent-style nouns). Literally "lift-screwer" (Hub = lift + Schrauber = screwer, from schrauben, to screw) — a very literal-minded compound for "helicopter."
Akk Siehst du den Hubschrauber über uns?
Do you see the helicopter above us?
sehen = to see · über + Dativ = above/over (position, no motion). "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Hubschrauber is the direct object. The dictionary's own example, with the dropped umlaut in "über" restored.
Nom Der Hubschrauber fliegt sehr laut.
The helicopter flies very loudly.
der Hubschrauber (maskulin) = helicopter · fliegen = to fly · laut = loud(ly). "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Hubschrauber is the subject.
Dat Der Pilot sitzt in dem Hubschrauber.
The pilot sits in the helicopter.
der Pilot, -en = pilot · sitzen = to sit · in + Dativ = in (location, no motion). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "in."
Nom Ein Hubschrauber landet auf dem Dach.
A helicopter is landing on the roof.
landen = to land · das Dach, ä-er = roof. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same pattern as "der."
Akk Die Firma kauft einen neuen Hubschrauber.
The company is buying a new helicopter.
die Firma, Firmen = company · kaufen = to buy. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Die Touristen winken den Hubschraubern zu.
The tourists wave to the helicopters.
der Tourist, -en (weak noun) = tourist · zuwinken = to wave to (+ Dativ, separable). Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Hubschrauber adds "-n" (Hubschrauber → Hubschraubern) since the unchanged plural doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Hügel — hill
Plural: die Hügel (unchanged, like most maskulin nouns ending in -el). Compare der Berg (mountain) — a Hügel is smaller and gentler.
Dat Im Winter fahren wir auf dem Hügel Schlitten.
In winter we go sledding on the hill.
der Schlitten, - = sled · Schlitten fahren = to go sledding · auf + Dativ = on (position, no motion). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "auf." Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("…auf diesem Hügel Schlitten."), with the dropped umlaut restored.
Nom Der Hügel ist grün.
The hill is green.
der Hügel (maskulin) = hill · grün = green. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Hügel is the subject.
Akk Wir besteigen den Hügel zu Fuß.
We climb the hill on foot.
besteigen = to climb/ascend · zu Fuß = on foot. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Hügel is the direct object.
Nom Ein kleiner Hügel liegt hinter dem Haus.
A small hill lies behind the house.
klein = small · hinter = behind. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same pattern as "der."
Akk Die Kinder erklimmen einen steilen Hügel.
The children climb up a steep hill.
erklimmen = to climb up · steil = steep. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Schafe grasen auf den Hügeln.
Sheep graze on the hills.
das Schaf, -e = sheep · grasen = to graze. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Hügel adds "-n" (Hügel → Hügeln) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
das Huhn — chicken
Plural: die Hühner (irregular umlaut + -er). "Huhn" is the live animal or the meat as food; das Hähnchen is specifically a roast/broiled chicken on a restaurant menu.
Akk Wir haben ein gutes Rezept für das Huhn.
We have a good recipe for the chicken.
das Rezept, -e = recipe · für + Akkusativ = for. "Das" stays "das" in Akkusativ (neutral: das → das). Huhn is the object of "für." Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("…ein gutes Rezept für Huhn."), with the dropped umlaut in "für" restored.
Nom Das Huhn läuft im Garten herum.
The chicken runs around in the garden.
das Huhn (neutral) = chicken · herumlaufen = to run around (separable) · der Garten, ä- = garden. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Huhn is the subject.
Dat Der Bauer gibt dem Huhn Körner.
The farmer gives the chicken grain.
der Bauer, -n (weak noun) = farmer · geben = to give (+ Dativ for the recipient) · das Korn, ö-er = grain. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem). Huhn is the indirect object.
Nom Ein Huhn pickt Körner vom Boden.
A chicken pecks grain from the ground.
picken = to peck · der Boden, ö- = ground. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same pattern as "das."
Akk Meine Mutter kocht ein ganzes Huhn.
My mother cooks a whole chicken.
kochen = to cook · ganz = whole. "Ein" stays "ein" in neutral Akkusativ — no change from Nominativ, unlike maskulin (ein → einen).
Dat Der Fuchs folgt den Hühnern in den Stall.
The fox follows the chickens into the barn.
der Fuchs, ü-e = fox · folgen = to follow (+ Dativ) · der Stall, ä-e = barn/stable. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Hühner adds "-n" (Hühner → Hühnern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Hummer — lobster
Plural: die Hummer (unchanged, like most maskulin nouns ending in -er). A pricier menu item, often listed alongside die Garnele (shrimp/prawn) and die Muschel (mussel).
Nom Der Hummer ist sehr köstlich.
The lobster is absolutely delicious.
der Hummer (maskulin) = lobster · köstlich = delicious. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Hummer is the subject. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Dieser Hummer ist sehr köstlich."), with the dropped umlaut restored.
Akk Der Koch bereitet den Hummer mit Butter zu.
The chef prepares the lobster with butter.
der Koch, ö-e = chef/cook · zubereiten = to prepare (separable) · die Butter = butter. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Hummer is the direct object.
Dat Die Sauce passt gut zu dem Hummer.
The sauce goes well with the lobster.
die Sauce, -n = sauce · passen zu = to go with/match (always Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "zu."
Nom Ein frischer Hummer kostet viel Geld.
A fresh lobster costs a lot of money.
frisch = fresh · kosten = to cost · das Geld = money. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same pattern as "der."
Akk Der Kellner empfiehlt uns einen großen Hummer.
The waiter recommends a large lobster to us.
der Kellner, - = waiter · empfehlen = to recommend · groß = large. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Der Koch fügt den Hummern etwas Salz hinzu.
The chef adds a bit of salt to the lobsters.
hinzufügen = to add (+ Dativ, separable) · das Salz = salt. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Hummer adds "-n" (Hummer → Hummern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Hund — dog
Plural: die Hunde. The dictionary's own idiom, the kind seen on warning signs: "Achtung! Bissiger Hund! Warnung vor dem Hund!" (Watch out! Vicious dog! Beware of the dog!) — bissig = "biting/vicious." ("Warnung" appeared as a garbled word in the scan, restored here.)
Nom Der Hund bellt laut.
The dog barks loudly.
der Hund (maskulin) = dog · bellen = to bark · laut = loud(ly). "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Hund is the subject.
Akk Ich füttere den Hund jeden Morgen.
I feed the dog every morning.
füttern = to feed · jeden Morgen = every morning. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Hund is the direct object.
Dat Auf dem Schild steht: „Vorsicht vor dem Hund!"
The sign says: "Beware of the dog!"
das Schild, -er = sign · vor + Dativ = of/in front of (here: "beware of"). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "vor." Based on the dictionary's own warning-sign idiom, "Warnung vor dem Hund!"
Nom Ein Hund läuft frei im Park herum.
A dog is running around loose in the park.
frei = free/loose · der Park, -s = park · herumlaufen = to run around. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same pattern as "der."
Akk Wir haben einen Hund und eine Katze als Haustiere.
We have a dog and a cat as pets.
das Haustier, -e = pet. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den. The dictionary's own example, printed under the next entry ("Hundehalsband") even though it never mentions a collar — clearly meant for "Hund," so it's used here instead.
Dat Die Kinder spielen mit den Hunden im Garten.
The children play with the dogs in the garden.
spielen = to play · mit = with (always Dativ) · der Garten, ä- = garden. Plural Dativ: the article is "den," and Hund adds "-n" (Hunde → Hunden) since the plural doesn't already end in -n or -s.
das Hundehalsband — dog collar
Compound: der Hund (dog) + das Halsband (collar/necklace, itself from der Hals = neck + das Band = band/ribbon). Plural: die Hundehalsbänder (umlaut + -er, like das Band → die Bänder). The dictionary pairs this entry with an example sentence — "Wir haben einen Hund und eine Katze als Haustiere" (We have a dog and a cat as pets) — that never actually mentions a collar; it clearly belongs to "Hund" above, so every example here is written fresh.
Nom Das Hundehalsband ist aus Leder.
The dog collar is made of leather.
das Hundehalsband (neutral) = dog collar · das Leder = leather. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Hundehalsband is the subject.
Akk Ich kaufe das Hundehalsband im Zoogeschäft.
I buy the dog collar at the pet store.
kaufen = to buy · das Zoogeschäft, -e = pet store. "Das" stays "das" in Akkusativ (neutral: das → das). Hundehalsband is the direct object.
Dat Ein kleines Schild hängt an dem Hundehalsband.
A small tag hangs from the dog collar.
das Schild, -er = tag/sign · hängen an + Dativ = to hang from/on. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "an."
Nom Ein rotes Hundehalsband liegt auf dem Tisch.
A red dog collar is lying on the table.
rot = red · der Tisch, -e = table. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same pattern as "das."
Akk Der Tierarzt empfiehlt ein neues Hundehalsband.
The vet recommends a new dog collar.
der Tierarzt, ä-e = veterinarian · empfehlen = to recommend. "Ein" stays "ein" in neutral Akkusativ — no change from Nominativ, unlike maskulin (ein → einen).
Dat An den Hundehalsbändern stehen die Namen der Hunde.
The dogs' names are written on the dog collars.
der Name, -n (weak noun) = name. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Hundehalsbänder adds "-n" (Hundehalsbänder → Hundehalsbändern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
hundert — hundred
Cardinal number 100 — never takes an ending. Compare "hundert Leute" (a hundred people) with the noun use "Hunderte von Leuten" (hundreds of people, capitalized).
Er hat hundert Punkte in diesem Spiel erzielt.
He scored a hundred points in this game.
hundert = hundred · der Punkt, -e = point · erzielen = to score/achieve. The dictionary's own example.
der Hunger — hunger
Usually used without an article in the fixed idiom "Hunger haben" (to be hungry) — the dictionary's own examples: "Ich habe Hunger." (I am hungry.) and "Unsere Katze hat immer Hunger." (Our cat is hungry all the time.) Compare der Durst (thirst) and der Appetit, which behave the same way. If a plural is used at all, it stays "Hunger" (unchanged, like der Lehrer → die Lehrer); a Dativ plural "Hungern" is possible in theory but is essentially never seen, since "der Hunger" is normally singular-only.
Nom Der Hunger ist nach dem Fasten riesig.
The hunger is huge after fasting.
der Hunger (maskulin) = hunger · riesig = huge · das Fasten = fasting. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Hunger is the subject.
Akk Das Brot stillt den Hunger sofort.
The bread satisfies the hunger immediately.
stillen = to satisfy/quench · sofort = immediately. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Hunger is the direct object.
Dat Nach der langen Wanderung leiden wir unter dem großen Hunger.
After the long hike we suffer from great hunger.
leiden unter = to suffer from (+ Dativ) · die Wanderung, -en = hike. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "unter."
Nom Ein großer Hunger quält die Kinder nach dem Sport.
A great hunger torments the children after sports.
quälen = to torment/plague · der Sport = sports/exercise. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same pattern as "der."
Akk Die lange Reise verursacht einen starken Hunger.
The long trip causes strong hunger.
die Reise, -n = trip/journey · verursachen = to cause · stark = strong. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Die Köchin richtet sich nach den unterschiedlichen Hungern der Gäste.
The cook caters to the guests' differing hungers.
die Köchin, -nen = (female) cook · sich richten nach = to go by/cater to (+ Dativ) · unterschiedlich = differing · der Gast, ä-e = guest. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Hunger's plural is unchanged (die Hunger), so only the Dativ "-n" is added: Hungern — a rare, largely theoretical form, since "der Hunger" is normally used only in the singular.
husten — to cough
Regular verb: ich huste, du hustest, er/sie hustet.
Manchmal hustet man, wenn man eine Erkältung hat.
Sometimes you cough when you have a cold.
husten = to cough · manchmal = sometimes · die Erkältung, -en = cold (illness). The dictionary's own example, with the dropped umlaut in "Erkältung" restored.
Ich huste seit gestern.
I've been coughing since yesterday.
seit = since (always Dativ) · gestern = yesterday.
der Hut — hat
Plural: die Hüte (umlaut + -e). Fixed phrase: den Hut ziehen (vor jemandem) = "to take one's hat off (to someone)," figuratively meaning to show great respect.
Akk Er trägt den Hut, um seinen Kopf zu bedecken.
He wears the hat to cover his head.
tragen = to wear · bedecken = to cover · der Kopf, ö-e = head. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Hut is the direct object. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Er trägt einen Hut, um seinen Kopf zu bedecken."), with "trägt" and "um" restored from the OCR scan.
Nom Der Hut passt dir gut.
The hat suits you well.
der Hut (maskulin) = hat · passen = to suit/fit (+ Dativ). "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Hut is the subject.
Dat An dem Hut hängt eine Feder.
A feather hangs from the hat.
hängen an + Dativ = to hang from/on · die Feder, -n = feather. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "an."
Nom Ein alter Hut liegt im Schrank.
An old hat is lying in the closet.
alt = old · der Schrank, ä-e = closet. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same pattern as "der."
Akk Sie kauft sich einen neuen Hut.
She buys herself a new hat.
sich kaufen = to buy oneself · neu = new. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Der Verkäufer zeigt uns die Preise zu den Hüten.
The salesman shows us the prices for the hats.
der Verkäufer, - = salesman · zeigen = to show · der Preis, -e = price. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Hüte adds "-n" (Hüte → Hüten) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
ich — I
The subject pronoun "I." Object forms: mich (Akkusativ), mir (Dativ) — each has its own entry.
Ich möchte mit meinen Freunden ausgehen.
I want to go out with my friends.
ich = I · möchten = would like to · ausgehen = to go out (separable) · der Freund, -e = friend. The dictionary's own example, with the dropped "I" restored (it appeared as a stray slash in the translation).
Ich bin achtzehn Jahre alt.
I am eighteen years old.
das Jahr, -e = year · alt = old.
die Idee — idea
Plural: die Ideen. The dictionary's own example: "Es ist eine gute Idee, eine Landkarte zu benutzen." (Using a map is a good idea.)
Nom Die Idee, eine Landkarte zu benutzen, ist gut.
The idea of using a map is good.
die Idee (feminin) = idea · die Landkarte, -n = map · benutzen = to use. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Idee is the subject. Adapted from the dictionary's own example quoted above.
Akk Ich finde die Idee wirklich gut.
I really like the idea.
finden = to find/think (opinion) · wirklich = really. "Die" stays "die" in Akkusativ (feminin: die → die). Idee is the direct object.
Dat Wir stimmen der Idee zu.
We agree to the idea.
zustimmen = to agree (+ Dativ, separable). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der). Idee is the object of "zustimmen."
Nom Eine neue Idee kommt ihr plötzlich.
A new idea suddenly comes to her.
neu = new · plötzlich = suddenly. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Er hat eine tolle Idee für die Party.
He has a great idea for the party.
toll = great/awesome · die Party, -s = party. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ indefinite (eine → eine) — same form as the Nominativ example above, just a different role in the sentence.
Dat Der Lehrer widerspricht den Ideen der Schüler.
The teacher contradicts the students' ideas.
widersprechen = to contradict (+ Dativ) · der Schüler, - = student. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Ideen already ends in "-n," so no further change.
ihn; ihm — him
Object forms of "er" (he/it): ihn = Akkusativ, ihm = Dativ. Both translate as "him" (or "it," for a maskulin noun) in English, depending on the verb or preposition governing them.
Diese neue Krawatte ist für ihn.
This new tie is for him.
die Krawatte, -n = tie · für + Akkusativ = for. "Ihn" — Akkusativ, the object of "für." The dictionary's own example, with the dropped umlaut in "für" restored.
Ich gebe ihm das Buch.
I give him the book.
geben = to give (+ Dativ for the recipient). "Ihm" — Dativ, the indirect object (the person receiving the book).
ihnen — them
Dativ plural of "sie" (they): "to/for them." Not to be confused with the capitalized "Ihnen" (formal "you," Dativ of "Sie").
Ich habe ihnen allen gesagt, ruhig zu sein.
I told them all to be quiet.
sagen = to say/tell (+ Dativ for the person told) · ruhig = quiet/calm. "Ihnen" — Dativ plural, the indirect object. The dictionary's own example, with "allen" corrected from a scan misprint and the dropped "I" restored at the start of the translation (it appeared as a stray digit).
ihr; ihre — her; their; your (formal)
Possessive forms meaning "her" or "their" — and, capitalized as "Ihr/Ihre," the formal "your." Declines like ein/kein/mein: no ending before maskulin/neutral Nominativ singular (ihr Haus), "-e" before feminine singular or any plural (ihre Schlüssel). See also: dein, sie.
Ist dies ihr eigenes Haus, oder mieten sie es?
Is this their own house, or do they rent it?
eigen = own · mieten = to rent. "Ihr" — no ending before neutral Nominativ ("das Haus"), same pattern as "ein/kein." The dictionary's own example, with the dropped "I" restored at the start of the translation (it appeared as a stray digit).
Sie vergisst immer ihre Schlüssel.
She always forgets her keys.
vergessen, sie vergisst = to forget (stem-changing) · der Schlüssel, - = key. "Ihre" — the plural ending before "Schlüssel." The dictionary's own example, with the OCR-garbled verb and the dropped umlaut in "Schlüssel" restored.
immer — always
Time adverb: always. Compare nie (never) and manchmal (sometimes).
Wir essen immer um 6 Uhr abends.
We always eat at six o'clock in the evening.
essen = to eat · um … Uhr = at … o'clock · abends = in the evening. The dictionary's own example.