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Vocab: Work & office — B1 (6)
Work & office vocabulary at B1 level.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
die Teamfähigkeit — ability to work in a team, team-working skills
Teamfähigkeit is an abstract noun formed from Team and Fähigkeit, ability. The singular often refers to the general quality, while Teamfähigkeiten can refer to particular skills or qualities.
Teamfähigkeit ist im Beruf wichtig.
The ability to work in a team is important at work.
im Beruf means at work or in one's profession, and wichtig means important. Teamfähigkeit is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Das Unternehmen prüft die Teamfähigkeit der Bewerber.
The company assesses the applicants' ability to work in a team.
das Unternehmen means the company, prüft means assesses, and die Bewerber are the applicants. Die Teamfähigkeit is accusative because prüfen takes a direct object; der Bewerber is genitive and means of the applicants.
Wir arbeiten an der Teamfähigkeit der Gruppe.
We are working on the group's ability to work in a team.
arbeiten an means work on, and die Gruppe means the group. An takes the dative here because it names the subject of work rather than a direction, so der Teamfähigkeit is dative.
Die Bedeutung der Teamfähigkeit wird oft unterschätzt.
The importance of the ability to work in a team is often underestimated.
die Bedeutung means the importance, and unterschätzt means underestimated. Der Teamfähigkeit is genitive because it specifies the importance; wird ... unterschätzt is a passive construction with the participle at the end.
Gute Teamfähigkeiten helfen im Berufsleben.
Good team-working skills help in professional life.
gute means good, and im Berufsleben means in professional life. Teamfähigkeiten is the plural when separate skills or qualities are meant; it is nominative because it is the subject of helfen.
die Teilzeit — part-time work, part-time employment
Teilzeit is normally an uncountable employment term, so it has no plural. The usual expression is in Teilzeit arbeiten, meaning to work part-time.
Teilzeit ist für viele Eltern praktisch.
Part-time work is practical for many parents.
für viele Eltern means for many parents, and praktisch means practical. Teilzeit is nominative as the subject; für takes the accusative, and ist stands in position two.
Ich suche eine Arbeit in Teilzeit.
I am looking for part-time work.
ich suche means I am looking for, and eine Arbeit means a job or work. Teilzeit follows in here as part of the fixed expression in Teilzeit, meaning part-time; eine Arbeit is accusative because suchen takes a direct object.
Mit Teilzeit kann sie Beruf und Familie verbinden.
With part-time work, she can combine her career and family.
mit means with, kann means can, Beruf means career or profession, and Familie means family. Teilzeit is dative after mit; after the modal kann, the infinitive verbinden goes to the end.
Die Vorteile der Teilzeit sind für mich klar.
The advantages of part-time work are clear to me.
die Vorteile means the advantages, für mich means for me, and klar means clear. Der Teilzeit is genitive and identifies the advantages; für mich is accusative after für, while sind stands in position two.
Viele Menschen wählen Teilzeit, weil sie mehr Freizeit möchten.
Many people choose part-time work because they want more free time.
viele Menschen means many people, wählen means choose, weil means because, and mehr Freizeit means more free time. Teilzeit is the object of wählen; in the weil clause, the finite verb möchten goes to the end.
die Teilzeitstelle — part-time position, part-time job
Teilzeitstelle is a compound of Teilzeit, part-time work, and Stelle, position or job. It refers to the position itself, not simply to the reduced working hours.
Die Teilzeitstelle passt gut zu meinem Alltag.
The part-time position fits well with my daily life.
passt gut means fits well, and mein Alltag means my daily life. Die Teilzeitstelle is nominative as the subject; zu meinem Alltag is dative because zu takes the dative, and passt stands in position two.
Ich habe eine Teilzeitstelle gefunden.
I found a part-time position.
gefunden means found. Eine Teilzeitstelle is accusative because finden takes a direct object; eine marks the feminine accusative, and gefunden is at the end of the perfect construction.
Mit der Teilzeitstelle kann ich weiter studieren.
With the part-time position, I can continue studying.
mit means with, weiter studieren means continue studying, and kann means can. Der Teilzeitstelle is dative after mit; after the modal kann, the infinitive studieren goes to the end.
Die Arbeitszeiten der Teilzeitstelle sind flexibel.
The working hours of the part-time position are flexible.
die Arbeitszeiten means the working hours, and flexibel means flexible. Der Teilzeitstelle is genitive and specifies whose working hours they are; sind stands in position two.
Auf der Website stehen mehrere Teilzeitstellen.
There are several part-time positions on the website.
auf der Website means on the website, stehen means are listed, and mehrere means several. Teilzeitstellen is plural; auf der Website is dative because it describes a fixed location.
der Tierpfleger — animal keeper, zookeeper
Tierpfleger is a job title for someone who cares for animals. The feminine form is Tierpflegerin, and the plural Tierpfleger does not add an ending.
Der Tierpfleger füttert die Elefanten.
The animal keeper feeds the elephants.
füttert means feeds, and die Elefanten means the elephants. Der Tierpfleger is nominative because it is the subject, while die Elefanten is accusative because füttern takes a direct object.
Ich sehe den Tierpfleger jeden Tag.
I see the animal keeper every day.
ich sehe means I see, and jeden Tag means every day. Den Tierpfleger is accusative because sehen takes a direct object; this masculine noun has no visible ending change in the accusative.
Wir danken dem Tierpfleger für seine Hilfe.
We thank the animal keeper for his help.
wir danken means we thank, and für seine Hilfe means for his help. Dem Tierpfleger is dative because danken always takes a dative person; do not use den Tierpfleger here.
Das Fahrrad des Tierpflegers steht draußen.
The animal keeper's bicycle is outside.
das Fahrrad means the bicycle, steht means is standing or is parked, and draußen means outside. Des Tierpflegers is genitive because it shows possession, and this masculine noun adds -s.
Die Tierpfleger treffen sich morgens.
The animal keepers meet in the morning.
treffen sich means meet each other, and morgens means in the morning. Tierpfleger is both singular and plural in form; die and the context show that it is plural.
der Traumberuf — dream job, ideal profession
The compound Traumberuf combines Traum, dream, and Beruf, profession or job. It is a normal masculine noun; the plural is Traumberufe.
Der Traumberuf meines Bruders ist Arzt.
My brother's dream job is doctor.
meines Bruders means my brother's, and Arzt means doctor. Der Traumberuf is nominative because it is the subject, while meines Bruders is genitive because it shows whose dream job it is; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Viele Jugendliche suchen den Traumberuf.
Many young people are looking for their dream job.
Viele Jugendliche means many young people, and suchen means are looking for. Den Traumberuf is accusative because suchen takes an accusative object; the finite verb suchen stands in position two.
Sie spricht mit ihrem Lehrer über dem Traumberuf.
She talks to her teacher about the dream job.
Sie spricht means she talks, ihrem Lehrer means her teacher, and über means about. This example uses mit dem Traumberuf in the natural phrase mit ihrem Lehrer über den Traumberuf; über normally takes the accusative for this topic, so the correct sentence is: Sie spricht mit ihrem Lehrer über den Traumberuf.
Die Wahl des Traumberufs ist nicht leicht.
Choosing a dream job is not easy.
Die Wahl means the choice and nicht leicht means not easy. Des Traumberufs is genitive because it specifies the choice; the masculine noun has -s in the genitive.
Viele Menschen wechseln später ihre Traumberufe.
Many people later change their dream jobs.
Viele Menschen means many people, wechseln means change, and später means later. Ihre Traumberufe is plural and accusative because wechseln takes an accusative object; the plural is Traumberufe.
die Tätigkeit — activity, task, work
The word can mean a general activity, a specific task, or someone’s work. Berufliche Tätigkeit means professional work, while Tätigkeit by itself does not necessarily refer to paid employment.
Die Tätigkeit macht mir Spaß.
I enjoy the activity.
macht mir Spaß means is fun for me or I enjoy it. Die Tätigkeit is nominative because it is the subject, while mir is dative because Spaß machen is used with the person who enjoys something in the dative.
Ich beginne die Tätigkeit um acht Uhr.
I begin the activity at eight o’clock.
beginne means begin, and um acht Uhr means at eight o’clock. Die Tätigkeit is accusative because beginnen takes an accusative object; the finite verb beginne is in position two.
Er widmet sich der Tätigkeit jeden Tag.
He devotes himself to the activity every day.
widmet sich means devotes himself, and jeden Tag means every day. Der Tätigkeit is dative because sich widmen requires a dative object; sich is the reflexive accusative pronoun.
Die Dauer der Tätigkeit ist begrenzt.
The duration of the activity is limited.
die Dauer means the duration, and begrenzt means limited. Der Tätigkeit is genitive to show which activity the duration belongs to; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Viele Tätigkeiten finden am Computer statt.
Many activities take place at the computer.
viele means many, am Computer means at the computer, and stattfinden means take place. Viele Tätigkeiten is the plural subject, and the separable verb appears as finden ... statt with the finite part in position two and the prefix at the end.
der Umsatz — revenue, sales turnover; sales volume, turnover
In business German, der Umsatz is the money earned through sales, not profit. It is often used with machen, steigern, or zurückgehen.
Der Umsatz des Geschäfts ist dieses Jahr gestiegen.
The shop's revenue has risen this year.
das Geschäft means shop or business, dieses Jahr means this year, and gestiegen means risen. Der Umsatz is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist is in position two, while gestiegen goes to the end because this is a perfect construction.
Das Unternehmen hat den Umsatz deutlich erhöht.
The company has increased its revenue significantly.
das Unternehmen means company, deutlich means significantly, and erhöht means increased. Den Umsatz is accusative because erhöhen takes a direct object; hat is in position two and erhöht stands at the end.
Mit dem Umsatz können wir neue Mitarbeiter bezahlen.
With the revenue, we can pay new employees.
mit means with, neue Mitarbeiter means new employees, and bezahlen means pay for. Dem Umsatz is dative because mit always takes the dative; the modal-like verb können is in position two and bezahlen goes to the end.
Die Höhe des Umsatzes überrascht die Aktionäre.
The level of revenue surprises the shareholders.
die Höhe means the level or amount, überrascht means surprises, and die Aktionäre are the shareholders. Des Umsatzes is genitive because it specifies whose level it is; the genitive ending -es must not be replaced by the plural form.
Die Umsätze der Filialen werden verglichen.
The sales figures of the branches are compared.
die Filialen means the branches, and verglichen means compared. Umsätze is the plural subject, marked by die and the umlaut; werden is in position two and verglichen goes to the end in the passive.
Der Onlinehandel erzielt einen großen Umsatz.
Online retail achieves a large sales volume.
der Onlinehandel means online retail, erzielt means achieves, and groß means large. Einen Umsatz is accusative because erzielen takes a direct object; the finite verb erzielt stands in position two.
Im Dezember ist der Umsatz besonders hoch.
In December, sales are particularly high.
im Dezember means in December, and besonders hoch means particularly high. Der Umsatz is nominative after sein; the adjective hoch is predicative and therefore has no ending.
unprofessionell — unprofessional
unprofessionell describes work or behaviour that does not meet professional standards. Its adjective endings follow the normal German rules.
Sein Verhalten ist unprofessionell.
His behaviour is unprofessional.
sein Verhalten means his behaviour, and ist means is. The adjective is predicative after sein, so it has no ending; ist stands in position two.
Das war ein unprofessionelles Gespräch.
That was an unprofessional conversation.
das war means that was, and ein Gespräch means a conversation. The neuter adjective before Gespräch takes -es after ein; the noun phrase is a complement after war.
Seine E-Mail klingt unprofessioneller als meine.
His email sounds less professional than mine.
seine E-Mail means his email, klingt means sounds, and meine means mine. unprofessioneller compares the two emails and follows klingen as a predicative adjective, so it has no ending.
Das war die unprofessionellste Antwort.
That was the most unprofessional answer.
die Antwort means the answer, and war means was. Before the feminine noun, the superlative takes -ste; war is in position two.
die Unterlage — document, supporting paper; base, mat, underlay
In administration, Unterlage usually means a document or supporting paper. It can also mean a physical support or underlay, so context is important.
Die Unterlage liegt auf meinem Schreibtisch.
The document is on my desk.
liegt means is lying or is located, and mein Schreibtisch means my desk. die Unterlage is nominative because it is the subject; auf meinem Schreibtisch is dative because it describes a location, and liegt is in position two.
Bitte schicken Sie mir die Unterlage per E-Mail.
Please send me the document by email.
schicken means send, mir means to me, and per E-Mail means by email. die Unterlage is accusative as the thing sent, while mir is dative as the recipient; the polite request uses the infinitive schicken.
Der Sachbearbeiter hilft mir bei der Unterlage.
The caseworker helps me with the document.
der Sachbearbeiter is a caseworker, and hilft means helps. bei der Unterlage is dative because bei requires dative, and mir is also dative because helfen takes a dative person; hilft is in position two.
Die Nummer der Unterlage fehlt.
The number of the document is missing.
die Nummer means the number, and fehlt means is missing. der Unterlage is genitive because it means of the document; the finite verb fehlt stands in position two.
Alle Unterlagen sind vollständig.
All the documents are complete.
alle means all, and vollständig means complete. Unterlagen is plural and nominative because it is the subject; vollständig is predicative after sind, so it has no adjective ending.
Leg eine Unterlage unter den heißen Topf.
Put a mat under the hot pot.
leg means put, heiß means hot, and der Topf means the pot. eine Unterlage is accusative because it is the object being placed, and unter den heißen Topf is accusative because it expresses direction or placement; Leg is an informal singular imperative.
Die Pflanze steht auf einer Unterlage.
The plant is standing on a base.
die Pflanze means the plant, steht means is standing, and einer Unterlage means a base or support. auf einer Unterlage is dative because auf describes a fixed location here; the finite verb steht is in position two.
unternehmen — to undertake, to do, to go on
Unternehmen usually takes an activity as an accusative object, often with etwas or a noun such as einen Ausflug. It is irregular: unternehmen - unternahm - hat unternommen; the verb is not separable, despite the prefix unter-.
Wir unternehmen am Wochenende einen Ausflug.
We are taking a trip at the weekend.
am Wochenende means at the weekend, and einen Ausflug is a trip or outing. The finite verb unternehmen stands in position two; einen Ausflug is accusative because it is the activity being undertaken.
Wir haben gestern einen langen Spaziergang unternommen.
Yesterday we went on a long walk.
gestern means yesterday, and ein langer Spaziergang is a long walk. The perfect uses haben plus unternommen, with the Partizip II at the end; einen langen Spaziergang is accusative.
Sie unternahm allein eine Reise nach Italien.
She took a trip to Italy alone.
allein means alone, and eine Reise nach Italien means a trip to Italy. Unternahm is the irregular simple-past form; the finite verb is in position two and eine Reise is accusative.
Unternimm heute etwas Schönes!
Do something nice today!
heute means today, and etwas Schönes means something nice. Unternimm is the du imperative, so du is omitted; etwas Schönes is the accusative activity or thing done.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, unternähme ich öfter Reisen.
If I had more time, I would travel more often.
mehr Zeit means more time, and öfter means more often. In the wenn clause, the finite verb hätte goes to the end; unternähme is the Konjunktiv II form and expresses a hypothetical activity.
Nächsten Sommer werden wir eine große Reise unternehmen.
Next summer we will take a major trip.
nächsten Sommer means next summer, and eine große Reise is a major trip. Futur I uses werden in position two and the infinitive unternehmen at the end; eine große Reise is accusative.
der Unternehmer — entrepreneur, business owner
An Unternehmer runs or owns a business and accepts responsibility for it. The feminine form is Unternehmerin, and the plural Unternehmer has no ending.
Der Unternehmer gründet eine neue Firma.
The entrepreneur is founding a new company.
gründen means to found or start, and eine neue Firma is a new company. Der Unternehmer is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb gründet stands in position two.
Die Zeitung interviewt den Unternehmer.
The newspaper is interviewing the entrepreneur.
die Zeitung means the newspaper, and interviewen means to interview. Den Unternehmer is accusative because it is the direct object; the masculine article changes from der to den, while the noun itself stays unchanged.
Die Bank bietet dem Unternehmer einen Kredit an.
The bank offers the entrepreneur a loan.
anbieten means to offer, and einen Kredit is a loan. Dem Unternehmer is dative because it is the recipient; the separable verb bietet ... an puts an at the end of the main clause.
Das Büro des Unternehmers liegt im Zentrum.
The entrepreneur’s office is in the city centre.
das Büro means the office, and im Zentrum means in the city centre. Des Unternehmers is genitive to show possession and adds -s; the finite verb liegt is in position two.
Viele Unternehmer treffen sich auf der Messe.
Many entrepreneurs meet at the trade fair.
viele means many, and die Messe here means the trade fair. Unternehmer is plural without a changed ending; auf der Messe is dative because it describes the place where they meet.
die Unternehmerin — female entrepreneur; businesswoman; female company founder
The feminine noun Unternehmerin is formed from Unternehmer with the ending -in. Its plural is Unternehmerinnen, with -innen; it refers specifically to a woman in business.
Die Unternehmerin führt einen kleinen Betrieb.
The female entrepreneur runs a small business.
führen means to run or manage, and ein kleiner Betrieb is a small business. Die Unternehmerin is nominative because she is the subject, and the finite verb führt stands in position two.
Ich treffe heute die Unternehmerin.
I am meeting the female entrepreneur today.
heute means today, and treffen means to meet. Die Unternehmerin is accusative because treffen takes a direct object; the finite verb treffe is in position two.
Ich spreche mit der Unternehmerin über das Projekt.
I am talking to the female entrepreneur about the project.
sprechen means to talk, mit means with, and das Projekt is the project. Mit always takes the dative, so the form is der Unternehmerin; über takes the accusative here for the topic.
Das Büro der Unternehmerin liegt im Zentrum.
The female entrepreneur's office is in the city centre.
das Büro is the office, liegen means to be located, and im Zentrum means in the city centre. Der Unternehmerin is genitive because it shows whose office it is; the finite verb liegt is in position two.
Viele Unternehmerinnen besuchen die Messe.
Many female entrepreneurs visit the trade fair.
viele means many, besuchen means to visit, and die Messe is the trade fair. Unternehmerinnen is the plural subject, so it has no plural article ending on the noun; the finite verb besuchen follows the subject in position two.
Als Unternehmerin muss sie viele Entscheidungen treffen.
As a female entrepreneur, she has to make many decisions.
als means as, müssen means to have to, and Entscheidungen treffen means to make decisions. Unternehmerin follows als without an article in this role; the modal verb muss is in position two and treffen goes to the end.
Die junge Unternehmerin gründete eine Firma.
The young female entrepreneur founded a company.
jung means young, gründen means to found, and die Firma is the company. Die junge Unternehmerin is nominative, and the weak adjective ending -e follows the definite article die; gründete is in position two.
verantwortlich — responsible, in charge
The usual pattern is für etwas verantwortlich sein: für takes the accusative. Do not confuse verantwortlich with schuld; being responsible does not always mean being guilty.
Ich bin verantwortlich für das Projekt.
I am responsible for the project.
das Projekt is the project. Verantwortlich stands after sein as a predicative adjective, and für takes the accusative, so das Projekt remains accusative.
Die verantwortliche Mitarbeiterin prüft den Vertrag.
The responsible employee checks the contract.
die Mitarbeiterin is the female employee, prüfen means check, and der Vertrag is the contract. Verantwortliche comes before the feminine noun and takes -e after die; den Vertrag is accusative because prüfen takes a direct object.
Anna ist verantwortlicher als ihr Kollege.
Anna is more responsible than her colleague.
der Kollege means the colleague, and als means than. Verantwortlicher is the comparative after ist; comparisons use als, not wie, when the two things are unequal.
Von allen Teammitgliedern ist Ben am verantwortlichsten.
Of all the team members, Ben is the most responsible.
von allen Teammitgliedern means of all the team members, and am means in the form used for a superlative after sein. Am verantwortlichsten is predicative and therefore has no noun ending; von takes the dative plural.
die Verantwortung — responsibility, duty
The singular Verantwortung is much more common for the general idea; the plural Verantwortungen refers to separate duties or areas of responsibility. The common patterns are Verantwortung übernehmen and Verantwortung für etwas tragen.
Die Verantwortung liegt bei der Leitung.
The responsibility lies with the management.
liegt bei means lies with, and die Leitung means the management. Die Verantwortung is nominative as the subject; bei der Leitung is dative because bei always takes the dative.
Sie übernimmt die Verantwortung für den Fehler.
She takes responsibility for the mistake.
übernehmen means take on, and der Fehler is the mistake. Die Verantwortung is accusative because übernehmen takes a direct object; für den Fehler is also accusative because für requires the accusative.
Der Chef gibt der Verantwortung eine klare Grenze.
The boss gives responsibility a clear limit.
der Chef is the boss, geben means give, and eine klare Grenze is a clear limit. Der Verantwortung is dative as the receiver with geben, while eine klare Grenze is the accusative thing being given.
Die Folgen der Verantwortung sind nicht immer leicht.
The consequences of responsibility are not always easy.
die Folgen means the consequences and leicht means easy. Der Verantwortung is genitive and explains which responsibility the consequences concern; sind is the finite verb in position two.
Die Verantwortungen der einzelnen Abteilungen sind klar verteilt.
The individual departments’ responsibilities are clearly distributed.
die einzelnen Abteilungen means the individual departments and klar verteilt means clearly distributed. Die Verantwortungen is plural nominative as the subject, while der einzelnen Abteilungen is genitive to show whose responsibilities they are.
verantwortungsbewusst — responsible, conscientious
This adjective describes a person who takes responsibility seriously. It is often used with handeln, meaning to act, and with Verantwortung übernehmen, meaning to take responsibility.
Meine Schwester ist sehr verantwortungsbewusst.
My sister is very responsible.
Meine Schwester means my sister, and sehr means very. The adjective is predicative after ist, so it has no ending; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Wir suchen einen verantwortungsbewussten Fahrer.
We are looking for a responsible driver.
einen Fahrer means a driver, and suchen means are looking for. einen verantwortungsbewussten Fahrer is accusative because suchen takes an accusative object, and the adjective gets -en after einen.
Sie handelt verantwortungsbewusster als ihr Bruder.
She acts more responsibly than her brother.
handelt means acts, and ihr Bruder means her brother. verantwortungsbewusster is the comparative with als; because it follows handeln as a predicative adjective, it has no adjective ending.
Er ist am verantwortungsbewusstesten in der Gruppe.
He is the most responsible person in the group.
in der Gruppe means in the group, and Gruppe is a group. am verantwortungsbewusstesten is the predicative superlative; in takes the dative here because this describes a location, not movement.
der Verdienst — earnings; merit, achievement; merit; achievement, valuable service
In the financial sense, der Verdienst usually means earnings and is commonly singular. The plural die Verdienste normally refers to achievements or valuable services, so the two meanings should not be confused.
Der Verdienst reicht für die Miete.
The earnings are enough for the rent.
reicht für means is enough for, and die Miete means the rent. Der Verdienst is nominative as the subject; für die Miete is accusative because für always takes the accusative.
Die Firma erhöht den Verdienst.
The company increases the earnings.
die Firma means the company, and erhöht means increases. Den Verdienst is accusative because erhöhen takes a direct object, and erhöht is in position two.
Viele Familien leben von dem Verdienst einer Person.
Many families live on one person's earnings.
viele Familien means many families, leben von means live on, and einer Person means one person. Dem Verdienst is dative because von requires the dative; einer Person is genitive-like possession expressed with von.
Die Höhe des Verdienstes hängt vom Beruf ab.
The level of earnings depends on the profession.
die Höhe means the level, hängt ... ab means depends on, and der Beruf means the profession. Des Verdienstes is genitive because it specifies the level of what; the separable prefix ab goes to the end of the main clause.
Die Verdienste der Ärztin wurden öffentlich gelobt.
The doctor's achievements were praised publicly.
der Ärztin means of the female doctor, öffentlich means publicly, and gelobt means praised. Verdienste is plural here in the sense of achievements, not earnings; it is the subject of the passive clause.
Seine Verdienste um die Stadt sind bekannt.
His services to the city are well known.
seine means his, um die Stadt means for the city, and bekannt means known. Verdienste is plural in the sense of achievements; um die Stadt uses the accusative after um, and the finite verb sind is in position two.
Sie erhielt eine Auszeichnung für ihre Verdienste.
She received an award for her services.
erhielt means received, eine Auszeichnung means an award, and für ihre Verdienste means for her services. Ihre Verdienste is plural and accusative because für requires the accusative; the verb erhielt is in position two.
das Verfahren — method, procedure; proceedings, formal procedure
Verfahren has two common meanings: a method for doing something, and a formal procedure, including legal proceedings. The plural is also Verfahren, so the article or another determiner must show whether it is singular or plural.
Das Verfahren ist einfach.
The method is simple.
einfach means simple. Das Verfahren is nominative because it is the subject, and ist is a linking verb followed by the predicative adjective einfach.
Wir testen das Verfahren.
We are testing the method.
testen means to test. Das Verfahren is accusative because testen takes a direct object; with a neuter noun, the accusative article das looks the same as the nominative article.
Mit dem Verfahren sparen wir Zeit.
With the method, we save time.
mit means with, and Zeit sparen means save time. Dem Verfahren is dative because mit always requires the dative; the phrase Mit dem Verfahren fills the first position, so sparen comes directly after it.
Die Vorteile des Verfahrens sind bekannt.
The advantages of the method are known.
die Vorteile means the advantages, and bekannt means known. Des Verfahrens is genitive because it identifies whose advantages they are; the finite verb sind stands in position two.
Die Verfahren sind sicher und schnell.
The methods are safe and fast.
sicher means safe, and schnell means fast. Die Verfahren is plural and nominative because it is the subject; its form is identical to the singular, so the article and verb sind show the number.
Das gerichtliche Verfahren dauert lange.
The legal proceedings are taking a long time.
gerichtlich means legal or judicial, and dauert lange means takes a long time. Das gerichtliche Verfahren is the nominative subject, and the finite verb dauert stands in position two.
Gegen ihn läuft ein Verfahren.
Proceedings are being brought against him.
gegen ihn means against him, and läuft literally means runs but here means is under way. Ein Verfahren is nominative because it is the subject; gegen takes the accusative, shown by ihn, and the finite verb läuft stands in position two.
die Vergütung — payment, compensation, remuneration
Vergütung is a formal word for payment or compensation, especially in employment or legal contexts. It is broader than Gehalt, which usually means a regular salary.
Die Vergütung ist im Vertrag festgelegt.
The compensation is specified in the contract.
der Vertrag means the contract, and festgelegt means specified or fixed. Die Vergütung is nominative because it is the subject; ist festgelegt describes its state, with the finite verb in position two.
Die Firma zahlt die Vergütung am Monatsende.
The company pays the compensation at the end of the month.
die Firma means the company, and am Monatsende means at the end of the month. Die Vergütung is accusative because zahlen takes a direct object, while zahlt stands in position two.
Der Mitarbeiter erhält die Vergütung pünktlich.
The employee receives the compensation on time.
der Mitarbeiter means the employee, and pünktlich means on time. Vergütung is the accusative object of erhält, not dative; the example shows that a feminine noun has the same form in nominative and accusative.
Die Höhe der Vergütung hängt von der Erfahrung ab.
The amount of the compensation depends on experience.
die Höhe means the amount, die Erfahrung means experience, and hängt ... ab means depends. Vergütung is genitive after die Höhe, showing what amount is meant; the separable verb places ab at the end.
Die neuen Vergütungen gelten ab Januar.
The new compensation payments apply from January.
neuen means new, gelten means apply, and ab Januar means from January. Vergütungen is a plural nominative subject, so the adjective has the plural ending -en after die.
vertreten — to represent; to stand in for; to hold or defend an opinion; to represent interests
For people, jemanden vertreten means to stand in for or represent someone. The person represented is accusative; the verb is also common in offices, where a colleague replaces someone who is absent.
Meine Kollegin ver||||tritt mich morgen.
My colleague is standing in for me tomorrow.
meine Kollegin means my female colleague, and morgen means tomorrow. mich is accusative because the person represented is the direct object; the finite verb vertritt is in position two.
Der Anwalt hat seinen Mandanten gut vertreten.
The lawyer represented his client well.
der Anwalt means the lawyer, sein Mandant means his client, and gut means well. seinen Mandanten is accusative because he is the person represented; hat is in position two and vertreten stands at the end.
Sie vertrat den Chef bei der Sitzung.
She stood in for the boss at the meeting.
der Chef means the boss, and die Sitzung means the meeting. den Chef is accusative as the person represented, while bei der Sitzung means at the meeting; the strong past form vertrat is in position two.
Vertrete mich bitte am Montag!
Please stand in for me on Monday!
mich means me, bitte means please, and am Montag means on Monday. mich is accusative because it is the person represented; Vertrete is the du imperative.
Ich würde dich gern vertreten, wenn du krank wärst.
I would be happy to stand in for you if you were ill.
gern means gladly, krank means ill, and wenn means if. dich is accusative as the person represented; würde ... vertreten expresses the hypothetical result, and wärst goes to the end of the wenn clause.
Nächste Woche wird er seine Chefin vertreten.
Next week he will stand in for his female boss.
nächste Woche means next week, and seine Chefin means his female boss. seine Chefin is accusative as the person represented; wird is in position two and vertreten closes the sentence bracket.
Er ver||||tritt eine klare Meinung.
He holds a clear opinion.
eine klare Meinung means a clear opinion. eine klare Meinung is accusative because it is the direct object of vertreten; the finite verb vertritt is in position two.
Die Partei ver||||tritt die Interessen der Arbeitnehmer.
The party represents the interests of employees.
die Partei means the party, die Interessen means the interests, and die Arbeitnehmer means the employees. die Interessen is accusative as the object of vertritt, while der Arbeitnehmer is genitive and specifies whose interests they are.
der Vertreter — representative, agent
Der Vertreter can mean a company representative, sales agent, or someone acting for another person. The feminine form is die Vertreterin, and the plural is die Vertreter.
Der Vertreter der Firma besucht uns heute.
The company representative is visiting us today.
die Firma means the company, and besucht means visits. Der Vertreter is nominative because it is the subject, and der Firma is genitive after Vertreter to show whose representative he is; the finite verb besucht is in position two.
Ich treffe morgen den Vertreter der Versicherung.
I am meeting the insurance representative tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow, treffe means meet, and die Versicherung is the insurance company. Den Vertreter is accusative because treffen takes a direct object, while der Versicherung is genitive to show which representative; treffe stands in position two.
Wir sprechen mit dem Vertreter über den Vertrag.
We are talking to the representative about the contract.
mit means with, sprechen means talk, and der Vertrag is the contract. Dem Vertreter is dative because mit always takes the dative; über den Vertrag is an additional phrase with über here taking the accusative for the topic.
Die Telefonnummer des Vertreters steht auf der Rechnung.
The representative’s telephone number is on the bill.
die Telefonnummer means telephone number, steht means is written or stands, and die Rechnung is the bill. Des Vertreters is genitive because it shows possession, and auf der Rechnung is dative because it describes a fixed location.
Auf der Messe treffen wir viele Vertreter.
At the trade fair we meet many representatives.
die Messe is the trade fair, viele means many, and treffen means meet. Viele Vertreter is accusative because it is the object of treffen; the plural form has no ending change.
die Vertreterin — female representative, female agent
Die Vertreterin is the feminine form of der Vertreter. It can describe a woman representing a company, organisation, customer group, or another person.
Die Vertreterin erklärt den Kunden den neuen Vertrag.
The representative explains the new contract to the customers.
erklärt means explains, den Kunden means to the customers, and der neue Vertrag is the new contract. Die Vertreterin is nominative as the subject, while den Kunden is dative because erklären gives information to someone; the finite verb erklärt is in position two.
Ich rufe die Vertreterin heute Nachmittag an.
I am calling the representative this afternoon.
anrufen means to call, and heute Nachmittag means this afternoon. Die Vertreterin is accusative because it is the direct object of anrufen; the separable verb appears as rufe ... an in a main clause.
Wir danken der Vertreterin für ihre Hilfe.
We thank the representative for her help.
danken means thank, ihre Hilfe means her help, and für means for. Der Vertreterin is dative because danken always takes the dative; für ihre Hilfe is accusative after für, and danken stands in position two.
Die E-Mail der Vertreterin liegt auf meinem Schreibtisch.
The representative’s email is on my desk.
die E-Mail means the email, liegt means lies or is located, and mein Schreibtisch is my desk. Der Vertreterin is genitive because it shows whose email it is; auf meinem Schreibtisch is dative because it describes a fixed location.
Die Vertreterinnen beantworten alle Fragen.
The representatives answer all the questions.
beantworten means answer, and alle Fragen means all the questions. Die Vertreterinnen is plural nominative because it is the subject; the plural ending -innen must not be omitted.
die Vertretung — representation, substitution, replacement
Die Vertretung usually means a temporary replacement or the act of representing someone. It can also refer to an office or group that represents people; the exact meaning comes from context.
Die Vertretung beginnt am Montag.
The replacement arrangement begins on Monday.
beginnt means begins, and am Montag means on Monday. Die Vertretung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Die Schule sucht eine Vertretung für die kranke Lehrerin.
The school is looking for a substitute for the ill teacher.
die Schule is the school, sucht means is looking for, krank means ill, and die Lehrerin is the female teacher. Eine Vertretung is accusative because suchen takes a direct object; für die kranke Lehrerin is also accusative because für always takes the accusative.
Wir danken der Vertretung für ihre schnelle Hilfe.
We thank the substitute for her quick help.
danken means thank, schnell means quick, and Hilfe means help. Der Vertretung is dative because danken requires the dative; für ihre schnelle Hilfe is accusative after für.
Die Aufgaben der Vertretung sind klar verteilt.
The substitute’s tasks are clearly assigned.
die Aufgaben means the tasks, klar means clear, and verteilt means assigned or distributed. Der Vertretung is genitive because it identifies whose tasks they are; sind is in position two, while verteilt comes at the end in the predicate.
In diesem Jahr gibt es mehrere Vertretungen.
There are several replacement arrangements this year.
in diesem Jahr means this year, mehrere means several, and gibt es means there are. Mehrere Vertretungen is accusative because the fixed expression es gibt takes the accusative, even though English uses a different structure.
die Verwaltung — administration, administrative authority; management, administration
die Verwaltung can mean the activity of administration or the office and authority that carries it out. In everyday language, bei der Verwaltung often means at or with the administrative office.
Die Verwaltung arbeitet heute besonders schnell.
The administration is working especially quickly today.
heute means today, besonders means especially, and schnell means quickly. Die Verwaltung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb arbeitet is in position two.
Ich besuche morgen die Verwaltung.
I am visiting the administration tomorrow.
besuchen means to visit and morgen means tomorrow. die Verwaltung is accusative because it is the direct object of besuchen; the finite verb besuche stands in position two.
Ich muss morgen zur Verwaltung gehen.
I have to go to the administration tomorrow.
müssen means to have to, morgen means tomorrow, and gehen means to go. zur Verwaltung means zu der Verwaltung and is dative because zu requires the dative; muss is in position two and gehen goes to the end.
Die Entscheidung der Verwaltung sorgt für Diskussionen.
The administration’s decision is causing discussions.
die Entscheidung is the decision, sorgen für means to cause, and die Diskussionen are discussions. der Verwaltung is genitive because it shows whose decision it is; the finite verb sorgt is in position two.
In Deutschland gibt es viele Verwaltungen.
There are many administrations in Germany.
in Deutschland means in Germany, and viele means many. Verwaltungen is plural after viele; with es gibt, the thing that exists is normally accusative, although the plural form has no visible case ending here.
Die Verwaltung des Hotels ist sehr professionell.
The management of the hotel is very professional.
das Hotel is the hotel and professionell means professional. des Hotels is genitive because it identifies which management is meant; die Verwaltung is the subject and the finite verb ist is in position two.
Für die Verwaltung des Vereins brauchen wir ein neues Programm.
We need a new programme for managing the club.
der Verein is the club, brauchen means to need, and ein neues Programm is a new programme. für die Verwaltung is accusative because für requires the accusative; des Vereins is genitive and means of the club.
die Vollzeit — full-time work, full-time employment
Vollzeit is usually an uncountable noun and is often used without an article in the phrase in Vollzeit. It contrasts with Teilzeit, part-time work, and normally has no plural.
Meine Schwester arbeitet Vollzeit.
My sister works full-time.
meine Schwester means my sister, and arbeitet means works. Here Vollzeit is used without an article as an adverbial expression, so it has no case ending; the finite verb arbeitet stands in position two.
Ich suche eine Arbeit in Vollzeit.
I am looking for full-time work.
eine Arbeit means a job or work, and suche means am looking for. Eine Arbeit is accusative because suchen takes an accusative object, while in Vollzeit is a fixed employment phrase rather than a plural noun phrase.
Er arbeitet seit einem Jahr in Vollzeit.
He has been working full-time for a year.
seit einem Jahr means for a year, and arbeitet means works. Einem Jahr is dative because seit requires the dative; Vollzeit remains unchanged in the fixed phrase in Vollzeit.
Die Vorteile der Vollzeit sind für viele Menschen wichtig.
The advantages of full-time work are important for many people.
die Vorteile are the advantages, and viele Menschen means many people. Der Vollzeit is genitive because it says whose advantages they are; the finite verb sind stands in position two.
Viele Menschen bevorzugen Vollzeit.
Many people prefer full-time work.
viele Menschen means many people, and bevorzugen means prefer. Vollzeit is a mass noun and normally has no plural; it is the accusative object of bevorzugen, although its form does not show the case.
die Vollzeitstelle — full-time position, full-time job
Vollzeitstelle is a feminine compound made from Vollzeit and Stelle, position. Its plural is Vollzeitstellen; do not leave off the final -n.
Die Vollzeitstelle ist noch frei.
The full-time position is still available.
noch frei means still available, and ist means is. Die Vollzeitstelle is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich habe eine Vollzeitstelle gefunden.
I found a full-time position.
gefunden means found, and eine means a in the feminine accusative form. Eine Vollzeitstelle is accusative because finden takes an accusative object; in the perfect, habe is in position two and gefunden goes to the end.
Sie gibt der Vollzeitstelle eine Chance.
She gives the full-time position a chance.
gibt means gives, and eine Chance means a chance. Der Vollzeitstelle is dative because it is the recipient of geben, while eine Chance is the accusative thing that is given.
Die Bedingungen der Vollzeitstelle sind gut.
The conditions of the full-time position are good.
die Bedingungen are the conditions, and gut means good. Der Vollzeitstelle is genitive because it identifies which position the conditions belong to; the finite verb sind stands in position two.
In unserer Firma gibt es drei Vollzeitstellen.
There are three full-time positions in our company.
unsere Firma means our company, and drei means three. Vollzeitstellen is plural because there are three positions; after es gibt, the noun phrase is accusative, but the plural form is the same as nominative.
der Vorgesetzte — male supervisor
der Vorgesetzte is a substantivized adjective: the adjective vorgesetzt means placed above or senior, and the noun means a male supervisor. It follows adjective endings, so only the nominative singular has Vorgesetzte; the other cases and the plural use Vorgesetzten.
Der Vorgesetzte arbeitet heute im Büro.
The supervisor is working in the office today.
arbeitet means is working, and heute means today. Der Vorgesetzte is nominative because he is the subject; the finite verb arbeitet stands in position two.
Ich sehe den Vorgesetzten jeden Morgen.
I see the supervisor every morning.
sehen means to see, and jeden Morgen means every morning. Den Vorgesetzten is accusative because it is the object of sehe; this substantivized adjective uses -en outside the nominative.
Ich antworte dem Vorgesetzten sofort.
I reply to the supervisor immediately.
antworten means to reply, and sofort means immediately. Dem Vorgesetzten is dative because antworten takes a dative person; the ending -en remains outside the nominative.
Die Entscheidung des Vorgesetzten war überraschend.
The supervisor’s decision was surprising.
die Entscheidung means the decision, and überraschend means surprising. Des Vorgesetzten is genitive and means ‘of the supervisor’; the adjective-like noun has the ending -en after des.
Die Vorgesetzten treffen sich heute.
The supervisors are meeting today.
treffen sich means meet, and heute means today. Die Vorgesetzten is the plural subject; the plural form ends in -en, and sich shows the reflexive verb.
die Vorgesetzte — female supervisor
die Vorgesetzte is a substantivized adjective: the adjective vorgesetzt means placed above or senior, and the noun means a female supervisor. It follows adjective endings, so the nominative and accusative singular are Vorgesetzte, while the dative, genitive and plural use Vorgesetzten.
Die Vorgesetzte arbeitet heute im Büro.
The supervisor is working in the office today.
arbeitet means is working, and heute means today. Die Vorgesetzte is nominative because she is the subject; the finite verb arbeitet stands in position two.
Ich sehe die Vorgesetzte jeden Morgen.
I see the supervisor every morning.
sehen means to see, and jeden Morgen means every morning. Die Vorgesetzte is accusative because it is the object of sehe; unlike the masculine form, the feminine form does not change after die.
Ich antworte der Vorgesetzten sofort.
I reply to the supervisor immediately.
antworten means to reply, and sofort means immediately. Der Vorgesetzten is dative because antworten takes a dative person; the adjective ending is -en after der.
Die Entscheidung der Vorgesetzten war überraschend.
The supervisor’s decision was surprising.
die Entscheidung means the decision, and überraschend means surprising. Der Vorgesetzten is genitive and means ‘of the supervisor’; the feminine noun uses the ending -en in this case.
Die Vorgesetzten treffen sich heute.
The female supervisors are meeting today.
treffen sich means meet, and heute means today. Die Vorgesetzten is the plural subject; the plural form is the same as for the masculine noun and ends in -en.
die Vorgängerin — female predecessor; previous female holder of a position
The masculine noun is der Vorgänger, while die Vorgängerin refers specifically to a woman. The plural is formed with -innen, not with the ordinary feminine ending -e.
Die Vorgängerin hat das Team gut vorbereitet.
The female predecessor prepared the team well.
das Team means the team, and gut vorbereitet means well prepared. Die Vorgängerin is nominative because it is the subject; hat ... vorbereitet is a perfect-tense verb phrase, with the participle at the end.
Ich kenne die Vorgängerin noch.
I still know the previous female holder of the position.
kenne means know and noch means still. Die Vorgängerin is accusative because kennen takes a direct object; the finite verb kenne is in position two.
Ich habe mit der Vorgängerin gesprochen.
I spoke with the female predecessor.
mit means with and gesprochen means spoken or talked. Der Vorgängerin is dative because mit always takes the dative; habe ... gesprochen forms the perfect.
Das Büro der Vorgängerin ist noch nicht renoviert.
The female predecessor’s office has not yet been renovated.
das Büro means office, noch nicht means not yet, and renoviert means renovated. Der Vorgängerin is genitive because it shows whose office it is; the finite verb ist is in position two and renoviert completes the predicate.
Die neuen Vorgängerinnen erzählen von ihren Erfahrungen.
The new female predecessors talk about their experiences.
neu means new, erzählen means tell or talk, and Erfahrungen means experiences. Vorgängerinnen is plural nominative because it is the subject; the ending -innen marks the feminine plural.
die Vorlage — template, model; document submitted for approval; assist, pass leading to a goal
The usual meaning is a model or template, but Vorlage can also mean a document submitted to someone, as in eine Vorlage einreichen. The plural is Vorlagen in both uses.
Die Vorlage ist sehr einfach.
The template is very simple.
sehr einfach means very simple. Die Vorlage is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich kopiere die Vorlage für den neuen Brief.
I am copying the template for the new letter.
kopiere means copy, für means for, and den neuen Brief means the new letter. Die Vorlage is accusative because kopieren takes a direct object; für also takes the accusative.
Wir arbeiten mit der Vorlage.
We are working with the template.
arbeiten mit means work with. Mit always takes the dative, so der Vorlage is dative; the finite verb arbeiten is in position two.
Die Farbe der Vorlage gefällt mir.
I like the colour of the template.
die Farbe means the colour and gefällt mir means is pleasing to me, or I like it. Der Vorlage is genitive because it shows whose colour it is; the genitive article for feminine die Vorlage is der.
Im Kurs benutzen wir verschiedene Vorlagen.
In the course, we use different templates.
im Kurs means in the course, and verschiedene means different. Vorlagen is plural and accusative because benutzen takes a direct object; the plural ending is -n.
Der Stürmer gab seinem Teamkollegen eine Vorlage.
The striker gave his teammate an assist.
der Stürmer is the striker and seinem Teamkollegen means his teammate. The teammate is dative as the recipient, while eine Vorlage is accusative as the thing given; gab is the preterite of geben.
Dank ihrer Vorlage fiel das entscheidende Tor.
Thanks to her assist, the decisive goal was scored.
dank means thanks to, entscheidende means decisive, and Tor means goal. Ihrer Vorlage is genitive after dank in this formal usage, and fiel is in position two because the sentence begins with the thanks phrase.
vorschreiben — to prescribe, to require
vorschreiben is often used for official requirements or medical prescriptions. It is separable in a main clause, as in schreibt ... vor, but stays together as vorschreiben after a modal or in a subordinate clause.
Der Arzt schreibt mir ein Medikament vor.
The doctor prescribes a medicine for me.
der Arzt means the doctor and ein Medikament means a medicine. mir is dative for the person receiving the prescription, while ein Medikament is accusative; schreibt is in position two and vor is at the end.
Die Ärztin hat ihm eine spezielle Diät vorgeschrieben.
The doctor prescribed a special diet for him.
die Ärztin means the female doctor, ihm means to him, and eine spezielle Diät means a special diet. ihm is dative and eine spezielle Diät is accusative; the perfect uses hat, with vorgeschrieben at the end.
Das Gesetz schrieb eine Kontrolle pro Jahr vor.
The law required one inspection per year.
das Gesetz means the law, and eine Kontrolle pro Jahr means one inspection per year. schrieb is the strong past form, and vor separates and goes to the end; the required inspection is accusative.
Schreib dem Patienten diese Dosierung vor.
Prescribe this dosage for the patient.
dem Patienten means to the patient, and diese Dosierung means this dosage. The patient is dative and the dosage is accusative; in the du imperative, schreib comes first and vor goes to the end.
Ich würde keine bestimmte Therapie vorschreiben.
I would not prescribe any particular therapy.
keine bestimmte Therapie means no particular therapy. würde plus the infinitive vorschreiben expresses a hypothetical view, and the infinitive remains together at the end instead of separating.
Die Behörde wird neue Sicherheitsregeln vorschreiben.
The authority will prescribe new safety rules.
die Behörde means the authority, and neue Sicherheitsregeln means new safety rules. wird is in position two and vorschreiben goes to the end as an infinitive; the rules are accusative because they are what is prescribed.
der Vorsitzende — chairperson, chairman
This is a masculine noun formed from the adjective vorsitzend, meaning chairing. It is a weak noun: use Vorsitzenden after den, dem, des, and in the plural.
Der Vorsitzende eröffnet die Sitzung.
The chairperson opens the meeting.
die Sitzung means the meeting, and eröffnet means opens. Der Vorsitzende is nominative because he is the subject; the finite verb eröffnet is in position two.
Die Mitglieder wählen den Vorsitzenden.
The members elect the chairperson.
die Mitglieder are the members, and wählen means elect or choose. Den Vorsitzenden is accusative because wählen takes a direct object; as an adjectival masculine noun, it keeps the weak ending -en.
Die Mitarbeiter danken dem Vorsitzenden.
The employees thank the chairperson.
die Mitarbeiter are the employees, and danken means thank. Dem Vorsitzenden is dative because danken governs the dative; the masculine noun has dem and the ending -en.
Die Entscheidung des Vorsitzenden wurde akzeptiert.
The chairperson's decision was accepted.
die Entscheidung is the decision, and akzeptiert means accepted. Des Vorsitzenden shows possession and is genitive; wurde akzeptiert is a passive construction, with the finite verb in position two and the participle at the end.
Die Vorsitzenden treffen sich vor der Konferenz.
The chairpersons meet before the conference.
treffen sich means meet one another, and vor der Konferenz means before the conference. Die Vorsitzenden is plural and has the weak ending -en; the reflexive pronoun sich belongs to the verb phrase.
die Vorsitzende — chairperson, chairwoman
This is a feminine noun formed from the adjective vorsitzend, meaning chairing. It is declined like a weak adjectival noun, so Vorsitzenden is used in the dative, genitive, and plural.
Die Vorsitzende eröffnet die Sitzung.
The chairperson opens the meeting.
die Sitzung means the meeting, and eröffnet means opens. Die Vorsitzende is nominative because she is the subject, and the finite verb eröffnet stands in position two.
Die Mitglieder wählen die Vorsitzende.
The members elect the chairperson.
die Mitglieder are the members, and wählen means elect. Die Vorsitzende is accusative because wählen takes a direct object; the feminine form looks the same in the nominative and accusative.
Die Mitarbeiter danken der Vorsitzenden.
The employees thank the chairperson.
die Mitarbeiter are the employees, and danken means thank. Der Vorsitzenden is dative because danken governs the dative, and the adjectival noun takes -en.
Die Entscheidung der Vorsitzenden wurde akzeptiert.
The chairperson's decision was accepted.
die Entscheidung is the decision, and akzeptiert means accepted. Der Vorsitzenden is genitive and shows possession; wurde akzeptiert is passive, with the participle at the end.
Die Vorsitzenden treffen sich vor der Konferenz.
The chairpersons meet before the conference.
treffen sich means meet one another, and vor der Konferenz means before the conference. Die Vorsitzenden is plural and takes -en, just like the masculine and feminine oblique forms.
das Vorstellungsgespräch — job interview
This compound combines Vorstellung, an introduction or presentation, with Gespräch, a conversation. It is normally used for an interview connected with applying for a job, training place, or similar position.
Das Vorstellungsgespräch ist morgen.
The job interview is tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow. Das Vorstellungsgespräch is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich bereite mich auf das Vorstellungsgespräch vor.
I am preparing for the job interview.
sich vorbereiten means to prepare oneself. Das Vorstellungsgespräch is accusative because auf expresses preparation directed toward an event here; bereite ... vor is a separable verb.
Die Personalchefin stellt mir im Vorstellungsgespräch viele Fragen.
The head of human resources asks me many questions in the job interview.
Personalchefin means head of human resources, viele Fragen means many questions, and stellen means to ask here. Im Vorstellungsgespräch is dative because in expresses location or situation here, while viele Fragen is accusative.
Die Dauer des Vorstellungsgesprächs hängt von der Stelle ab.
The duration of the job interview depends on the position.
Dauer means duration, Stelle means position or job, and abhängen von means to depend on. Des Vorstellungsgesprächs is genitive because it identifies the interview’s duration; hängt ... ab is separable.
In dieser Woche habe ich drei Vorstellungsgespräche.
This week I have three job interviews.
diese Woche means this week and drei means three. Vorstellungsgespräche is accusative plural because it is the object of habe; the time phrase comes first, so the finite verb still occupies position two.
die Weiterbildung — continuing education, professional development; training course, further-training programme
Weiterbildung usually refers to education or training for adults after school or vocational training, often connected with work. It is a feminine noun ending in -ung, and its plural is formed with -en.
Die Weiterbildung beginnt im September.
The continuing-education course begins in September.
beginnt means begins, and im September means in September. Die Weiterbildung is feminine nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Ich mache die Weiterbildung neben meiner Arbeit.
I am taking the course alongside my work.
machen means to do or take, neben means alongside, and meiner Arbeit means my work. Die Weiterbildung is accusative because machen takes a direct object; neben takes the dative here because it describes a situation or location, not a change of location.
Nach der Weiterbildung habe ich bessere Chancen.
After the course, I have better opportunities.
nach means after, bessere Chancen means better opportunities, and haben means to have. Nach always takes the dative, so feminine die becomes der; the time phrase comes first and the finite verb habe is in position two.
Die Kosten der Weiterbildung übernimmt mein Arbeitgeber.
My employer covers the costs of the course.
die Kosten are the costs, übernehmen means to cover or take responsibility for, and mein Arbeitgeber is my employer. Der Weiterbildung is genitive because it identifies whose costs they are; the subject mein Arbeitgeber follows the object, while übernimmt remains in position two.
Viele Weiterbildungen finden online statt.
Many continuing-education courses take place online.
viele means many, online means online, and stattfinden means to take place. Weiterbildungen is the plural subject; stattfinden is separable, so finden is in position two and statt goes to the end.
Sie nimmt an einer Weiterbildung zur Pflegefachkraft teil.
She is taking part in a course to become a qualified nursing professional.
an einer Weiterbildung teilnehmen means to take part in a course, and Pflegefachkraft means qualified nursing professional. An takes the dative with teilnehmen, so einer Weiterbildung is dative; teilnehmen is separable, placing teil at the end.
Die Firma bezahlt eine Weiterbildung für ihre Mitarbeiter.
The company pays for a training course for its employees.
die Firma is the company, bezahlen means to pay for, and ihre Mitarbeiter means its employees. Eine Weiterbildung is accusative because it is the object of bezahlt; für always takes the accusative, so ihre Mitarbeiter has that case.
die Werbeagentur — advertising agency
Die Werbeagentur is a company, not just a person who writes advertisements. Its plural is die Werbeagenturen, with the ending -en.
Die Werbeagentur entwickelt eine neue Kampagne.
The advertising agency is developing a new campaign.
entwickelt means is developing, neu means new, and die Kampagne is the campaign. Die Werbeagentur is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb entwickelt stands in position two, and eine neue Kampagne is the accusative object.
Der Kunde beauftragt die Werbeagentur mit einem Projekt.
The client commissions the advertising agency for a project.
der Kunde is the client, beauftragt means commissions, and das Projekt is the project. Die Werbeagentur is accusative because beauftragen takes a direct object; mit takes the dative, so einem Projekt has a dative ending.
Wir helfen der Werbeagentur bei der Präsentation.
We help the advertising agency with the presentation.
helfen means to help, bei means with or during, and die Präsentation is the presentation. Der Werbeagentur is dative because helfen takes a dative object, and bei also requires the dative in der Präsentation.
Die Ideen der Werbeagentur sind sehr kreativ.
The advertising agency's ideas are very creative.
die Ideen means the ideas and kreativ means creative. Der Werbeagentur is genitive because it shows possession or association; the finite verb sind is in position two.
Viele Werbeagenturen bieten digitale Dienste an.
Many advertising agencies offer digital services.
viele means many, bieten ... an means offer, digital means digital, and die Dienste are the services. Werbeagenturen is plural after viele; the separable verb bieten ... an puts its prefix at the end of the main clause.
der Wirt — innkeeper, pub owner, host
In everyday speech, der Wirt usually means the owner or manager of a pub or restaurant; in older or more formal contexts it can mean a host or innkeeper. The feminine form is die Wirtin.
Der Wirt begrüßt die Gäste an der Tür.
The innkeeper welcomes the guests at the door.
die Gäste are the guests and begrüßt means welcomes. Der Wirt is nominative because he is the subject doing the action, and the finite verb begrüßt is in position two.
Ich frage den Wirt nach einem freien Tisch.
I ask the innkeeper about a free table.
fragen means to ask, nach means about or for, and ein freier Tisch is a free table. Den Wirt is accusative because fragen takes the person asked as its accusative object; the finite verb frage stands in position two.
Wir danken dem Wirt für das gute Essen.
We thank the innkeeper for the good food.
danken means to thank, für means for, and das gute Essen is the good food. Dem Wirt is dative because danken takes a dative person; für das gute Essen is an accusative phrase because für always governs the accusative.
Das Auto des Wirts steht hinter dem Haus.
The innkeeper’s car is behind the house.
das Auto is the car, steht means is standing or is parked, and hinter dem Haus means behind the house. Des Wirts is genitive because it shows possession, while hinter dem Haus is dative because it describes a fixed location.
Die Wirte der Stadt treffen sich heute.
The innkeepers of the city are meeting today.
der Stadt means of the city and treffen sich means meet each other. Die Wirte is nominative plural because the innkeepers are the subject; the plural is formed with -e and an umlaut in the stem.
die Wirtin — female innkeeper, female pub owner
Die Wirtin is the feminine form of der Wirt. It normally means a woman who owns or runs a pub, restaurant, or inn.
Die Wirtin bringt uns die Speisekarte.
The innkeeper brings us the menu.
bringt means brings, uns means us, and die Speisekarte is the menu. Die Wirtin is nominative because she is the subject; uns is dative because it is the person receiving something.
Ich sehe die Wirtin jeden Abend im Restaurant.
I see the innkeeper in the restaurant every evening.
sehen means to see, jeden Abend means every evening, and im Restaurant means in the restaurant. Die Wirtin is accusative because sehen takes a direct object; the feminine article die looks the same in nominative and accusative.
Wir helfen der Wirtin in der Küche.
We help the innkeeper in the kitchen.
helfen means to help and die Küche is the kitchen. Der Wirtin is dative because helfen always takes a dative person; in der Küche is also dative because it describes a fixed location.
Die Gäste loben das Essen der Wirtin.
The guests praise the innkeeper’s food.
die Gäste are the guests, loben means praise, and das Essen is the food. Der Wirtin is genitive because it shows whose food it is, while das Essen is accusative because it is the object of loben.
Die Wirtinnen arbeiten heute zusammen.
The female innkeepers are working together today.
arbeiten means work and zusammen means together. Die Wirtinnen is nominative plural because the women are the subject; -innen is the regular plural ending for feminine nouns ending in -in.
der Wächter — guard, watchman
Wächter has the same noun form in the singular and plural; the article shows the difference: der Wächter, but die Wächter. It is not a weak masculine noun, so it does not add -n in the dative or accusative singular.
Der Wächter steht vor dem Tor.
The guard is standing in front of the gate.
stehen means stand, vor means in front of, and das Tor means gate. Der Wächter is nominative as the subject; vor dem Tor is dative because it describes location.
Ich sehe den Wächter.
I see the guard.
sehen means see. den Wächter is accusative because it is the direct object; the noun itself does not add -n here.
Ich vertraue dem Wächter.
I trust the guard.
vertrauen means trust. It requires a dative object, so dem Wächter is dative.
Die Aufgabe des Wächters ist wichtig.
The guard’s task is important.
die Aufgabe means task and wichtig means important. des Wächters is genitive because it shows whose task it is.
Die Wächter kontrollieren alle Eingänge.
The guards check all entrances.
kontrollieren means check, and alle Eingänge means all entrances. Wächter is both the singular form without an article and the plural form; here die Wächter is plural and the finite verb is kontrollieren.
das Zeitmanagement — time management
Zeitmanagement is normally a mass noun and has no plural. Its genitive is des Zeitmanagements, with -s because it is a loanword ending in -ment.
Gutes Zeitmanagement hilft im Studium.
Good time management helps with university studies.
gut means good, hilft means helps, and das Studium means university studies. Gutes Zeitmanagement is nominative because it is the subject; im Studium is dative because in refers to a situation or area here.
Viele Kurse vermitteln Zeitmanagement für den Berufsalltag.
Many courses teach time management for everyday working life.
viele Kurse means many courses, vermitteln means teach or convey, and der Berufsalltag means everyday working life. Zeitmanagement is accusative because vermitteln takes a direct object; für den Berufsalltag is also accusative because für always takes the accusative.
Mit gutem Zeitmanagement erledigt man Aufgaben schneller.
With good time management, you complete tasks more quickly.
mit means with, erledigt means completes, Aufgaben means tasks, and schneller means more quickly. Mit gutem Zeitmanagement is dative because mit always governs the dative; the finite verb erledigt is in position two.
Die Vorteile des Zeitmanagements zeigen sich im Alltag.
The advantages of time management become clear in everyday life.
die Vorteile means the advantages, zeigen sich means become apparent, and der Alltag means everyday life. Des Zeitmanagements is genitive because it says whose advantages they are; the finite verb zeigen is in position two.
die Zentrale — headquarters, central office; control centre
die Zentrale is the main office of an organisation, or the place from which operations are coordinated. For a company, Firmenzentrale specifically means company headquarters; do not confuse this noun with the adjective or adverb zentral.
Die Zentrale ist in Berlin.
The headquarters are in Berlin.
Berlin is the capital of Germany, and ist in Berlin means is in Berlin. Die Zentrale is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Ich rufe die Zentrale an.
I am calling headquarters.
rufe ... an means call, and ich means I. die Zentrale is accusative because anrufen takes a direct object; the separable verb splits, with rufe in position two and an at the end.
Ich schreibe der Zentrale eine E-Mail.
I am writing headquarters an email.
schreibe means write, eine E-Mail means an email, and der Zentrale means to headquarters. der Zentrale is dative as the recipient, while eine E-Mail is the accusative thing being written.
Die Adresse der Zentrale steht auf der Website.
The headquarters’ address is on the website.
die Adresse means the address, steht auf means is displayed on, and die Website means the website. der Zentrale is genitive because it shows whose address it is; the feminine noun itself does not change.
Mehrere Zentralen arbeiten zusammen.
Several headquarters work together.
mehrere means several, and zusammenarbeiten means work together. Zentralen is plural and nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb arbeiten is in position two.
das Zertifikat — certificate
das Zertifikat is usually an official document proving a qualification or completed course. It is a neuter noun; its genitive is des Zertifikats, with -s on the noun.
Das Zertifikat liegt auf dem Schreibtisch.
The certificate is on the desk.
liegt means is lying, and der Schreibtisch means the desk. Das Zertifikat is nominative because it is the subject; auf dem Schreibtisch is dative because auf describes a fixed location here.
Ich brauche das Zertifikat für die Bewerbung.
I need the certificate for the application.
ich brauche means I need, für means for, and die Bewerbung means the application. das Zertifikat is accusative because brauchen takes a direct object, while für die Bewerbung is a purpose phrase with für plus accusative.
Die Kursleiterin gibt mir das Zertifikat.
The course instructor gives me the certificate.
die Kursleiterin means the course instructor, gibt means gives, and mir means to me. mir is dative because it is the recipient, while das Zertifikat is accusative because it is the thing given; with two objects, the finite verb gibt remains in position two.
Die Echtheit des Zertifikats wurde geprüft.
The authenticity of the certificate was checked.
die Echtheit means authenticity and wurde geprüft means was checked. des Zertifikats is genitive and means “of the certificate”; the passive verb phrase puts the checked thing as the subject.
Viele Zertifikate sind digital.
Many certificates are digital.
viele means many and digital means digital. Zertifikate is a nominative plural subject, so it takes the plural verb sind; the plural ending is -e.
der Zimmermann — carpenter, timber builder
A Zimmermann traditionally works with timber in building construction, especially roofs. The feminine form is Zimmerfrau, although job titles such as Zimmerin are also used.
Der Zimmermann arbeitet auf dem Dach.
The carpenter is working on the roof.
arbeitet means is working, auf dem Dach means on the roof. Der Zimmermann is nominative as the subject, and the finite verb arbeitet stands in position two.
Wir rufen den Zimmermann.
We are calling the carpenter.
rufen means to call. Den Zimmermann is accusative because it is the direct object of rufen; the noun keeps -mann in the singular accusative.
Ich helfe dem Zimmermann bei der Arbeit.
I am helping the carpenter with the work.
helfen means to help and bei der Arbeit means with or during the work. Dem Zimmermann is dative because helfen always takes a dative person; bei also requires the dative.
Das Werkzeug des Zimmermanns liegt im Auto.
The carpenter's tools are in the car.
das Werkzeug means the tool or tools and liegt im Auto means is in the car. Des Zimmermanns is genitive to show possession, and this noun takes -s, not weak-noun -en.
Auf der Baustelle arbeiten drei Zimmermänner.
Three carpenters are working on the building site.
Baustelle means building site and drei means three. Zimmermänner is the plural with an umlaut and -er; the verb is plural because the subject is three people.
die Zusammenarbeit — cooperation, collaboration; cooperation between groups
The compound Zusammenarbeit comes from zusammen, together, and Arbeit, work. It is usually uncountable in everyday use, but Zusammenarbeiten is possible when referring to several separate collaborations.
Die Zusammenarbeit im Team funktioniert gut.
The cooperation within the team works well.
das Team means team, and funktioniert gut means works well. Die Zusammenarbeit is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb funktioniert is in position two.
Wir verbessern die Zusammenarbeit im Team.
We are improving the cooperation within the team.
verbessern means to improve, and im Team means within the team. Die Zusammenarbeit is accusative because verbessern takes a direct object; the finite verb verbessern is in position two.
Wir danken ihr für die Zusammenarbeit.
We thank her for the cooperation.
danken means to thank, and ihr means her. Ihr is dative because danken requires the dative, while die Zusammenarbeit is accusative after für; the finite verb danken stands in position two.
Das Ergebnis der Zusammenarbeit ist überzeugend.
The result of the cooperation is convincing.
das Ergebnis means the result, and überzeugend means convincing. Der Zusammenarbeit is genitive because it describes whose result it is; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Internationale Zusammenarbeiten fördern den Austausch.
International collaborations promote exchange.
international means international, fördern means promote, and der Austausch means exchange. Zusammenarbeiten is plural and is the nominative subject, so the finite verb is fördern, not singular fördert.
Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Firmen war erfolgreich.
The cooperation between the companies was successful.
zwischen means between, den Firmen means the companies, and erfolgreich means successful. Zwischen den Firmen is a dative phrase because it describes a relationship or location, and war is the preterite of sein.
Beide Länder planen eine engere Zusammenarbeit.
Both countries are planning closer cooperation.
beide Länder means both countries, planen means are planning, and engere means closer. Eine engere Zusammenarbeit is accusative because planen takes an accusative object; the adjective has the ending -e after eine.
zusammenarbeiten — to work together; to cooperate on something
This verb is separable: arbeiten appears in position two and zusammen goes to the end of a main clause. With a person or organisation, use mit plus the dative, as in mit jemandem zusammenarbeiten.
Wir arbeiten seit Jahren zusammen.
We have been working together for years.
seit Jahren means for years. In a main clause, the finite part arbeiten is in position two and the separable prefix zusammen goes to the end.
Wir haben lange zusammengearbeitet.
We worked together for a long time.
lange means for a long time. The perfect uses haben plus zusammengearbeitet; because this is the Partizip II, the whole verb stays together at the end.
Früher arbeiteten wir in einem Büro zusammen.
We used to work together in an office.
früher means formerly or in the past, and in einem Büro means in an office. The finite preterite arbeiteten is in position two, while zusammen is separated and moves to the end.
Arbeite bitte mit uns zusammen.
Please work together with us.
bitte means please, and mit uns means with us. The singular imperative omits du; arbeite comes first and the separable prefix zusammen goes to the end.
Ich würde gern mit dir zusammenarbeiten.
I would like to work together with you.
gern means gladly or would like to, and mit dir means with you. Würde expresses a polite or hypothetical wish, and the complete infinitive zusammenarbeiten stands at the end.
Nächstes Jahr werden wir wieder zusammenarbeiten.
Next year we will work together again.
nächstes Jahr means next year, and wieder means again. Future one uses werden in position two and places the complete infinitive zusammenarbeiten at the end.
Die Designer arbeiten an einem neuen Projekt zusammen.
The designers are working together on a new project.
die Designer are the designers, and an einem neuen Projekt means on a new project. An takes the dative here because the phrase describes the subject or project of the cooperation, and zusammen is separated from arbeiten.
Unsere Klassen arbeiten für die Präsentation zusammen.
Our classes are working together for the presentation.
unsere Klassen means our classes, and für die Präsentation means for the presentation. Für always takes the accusative, while the separable prefix zusammen stands at the end.
zuständig — responsible, in charge
The usual pattern is für etwas zuständig sein, with für plus the accusative. It describes official responsibility, not personal blame; zuständig can also describe an office or department.
Ich bin für die Anmeldung zuständig.
I am responsible for registration.
die Anmeldung means registration, and sein means to be. Zuständig is predicative after bin and therefore has no adjective ending; für die Anmeldung is accusative because für always takes the accusative.
Die zuständige Mitarbeiterin hilft Ihnen weiter.
The responsible employee will help you further.
die Mitarbeiterin means the female employee, and weiterhelfen means to help someone further. Zuständige stands before the feminine noun and has the ending -e after die; the noun phrase is nominative because it is the subject.
Für diesen Fall ist Frau Weber zuständiger als ich.
For this case, Ms Weber is more responsible than I am.
dieser Fall means this case, and als ich means than I am. Zuständiger is the comparative after ist and has no ending because it is predicative; für diesen Fall is accusative after für.
Wer ist hier am zuständigsten?
Who is the person most in charge here?
wer means who and hier means here. Am zuständigsten is the predicative superlative, and the verb ist comes in position two in this question after the question word.
Die Stadt ist für die Straßen zuständig.
The city is responsible for the roads.
die Stadt means the city, and die Straßen means the roads. Zuständig follows ist without an ending, while für die Straßen is accusative because für requires that case.
Wenden Sie sich an die zuständige Behörde.
Contact the responsible authority.
sich wenden an means to contact or turn to, and die Behörde means the authority. Zuständige has the feminine -e ending after die; an die Behörde is accusative because this expression means directing an action toward an institution.
der Übersetzer — translator, interpreter (male); professional translator
A Übersetzer can translate written texts or interpret spoken language, depending on the context. The feminine form is Übersetzerin; the plural Übersetzer has no ending.
Der Übersetzer arbeitet heute im Büro.
The translator is working in the office today.
arbeitet means is working, heute means today, and das Büro is the office. Der Übersetzer is nominative because he is the subject; the finite verb arbeitet stands in position two.
Die Firma sucht einen Übersetzer.
The company is looking for a translator.
die Firma is the company, and sucht means is looking for. Einen Übersetzer is accusative because suchen takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from ein to einen.
Ich gebe dem Übersetzer den Vertrag.
I give the translator the contract.
geben means to give, and der Vertrag is the contract. Dem Übersetzer is dative because it is the recipient, while den Vertrag is accusative because it is the thing given.
Die Erfahrung des Übersetzers ist beeindruckend.
The translator's experience is impressive.
die Erfahrung means the experience, and beeindruckend means impressive. Des Übersetzers is genitive to show whose experience it is; this masculine noun takes -s and the article des.
Die Übersetzer treffen sich am Eingang.
The translators are meeting at the entrance.
treffen sich means meet each other, and der Eingang is the entrance. Die Übersetzer is plural and has no ending; sich is used because sich treffen is a reciprocal expression.
Er arbeitet seit zehn Jahren als Übersetzer.
He has been working as a translator for ten years.
seit zehn Jahren means for ten years, and als means as in a job description. After als, the profession is normally used without an article; arbeitet is in position two, while seit takes the dative in zehn Jahren.
Der Verlag beauftragte einen Übersetzer mit dem Buch.
The publishing house commissioned a translator for the book.
der Verlag is the publishing house, beauftragte means commissioned, and das Buch is the book. Einen Übersetzer is accusative as the object of beauftragen; mit takes the dative, so dem Buch is dative.
die Übersetzerin — translator, interpreter (female); professional female translator
Übersetzerin is the feminine form of Übersetzer. Its plural is Übersetzerinnen, with the ending -innen.
Die Übersetzerin prüft den Text sorgfältig.
The translator is checking the text carefully.
prüfen means to check, der Text is the text, and sorgfältig means carefully. Die Übersetzerin is nominative because she is the subject; sorgfältig describes how the action is done.
Der Kunde bezahlt die Übersetzerin.
The customer pays the translator.
der Kunde is the customer, and bezahlen means to pay. Die Übersetzerin is accusative because bezahlen takes a direct object; the feminine article looks the same in the nominative and accusative.
Wir danken der Übersetzerin für ihre Hilfe.
We thank the translator for her help.
danken means to thank, ihre Hilfe is her help, and für means for. Der Übersetzerin is dative because danken takes a dative object; für takes the accusative in ihre Hilfe.
Die Arbeit der Übersetzerin war ausgezeichnet.
The translator's work was excellent.
die Arbeit means the work, war means was, and ausgezeichnet means excellent. Der Übersetzerin is genitive to show whose work it was; the feminine genitive article is der.
Die Übersetzerinnen arbeiten an verschiedenen Projekten.
The translators are working on different projects.
verschiedene Projekte means different projects, and arbeiten an means work on. Übersetzerinnen is plural, formed with -innen; an takes the dative here because the sentence describes work being done on existing projects, not movement toward them.
Sie arbeitet seit kurzem als Übersetzerin.
She has recently started working as a translator.
seit kurzem means recently, and als introduces a job or role. After als, the profession normally has no article; seit takes the dative, shown by kurzem.
Eine Übersetzerin begleitete die Delegation.
A female translator accompanied the delegation.
begleiten means to accompany, and die Delegation is the delegation. Eine Übersetzerin is nominative as the subject, while die Delegation is accusative because it is the object of begleiten.
das Übersetzungsbüro — translation office, translation agency; translation office premises
This compound means an office or agency that offers Übersetzungen and often interpreting services. The plural is Übersetzungsbüros, with -s on the final noun Büro.
Das Übersetzungsbüro öffnet um acht Uhr.
The translation office opens at eight o'clock.
öffnet means opens, and um acht Uhr means at eight o'clock. Das Übersetzungsbüro is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb öffnet stands in position two.
Wir besuchen das Übersetzungsbüro.
We are visiting the translation office.
besuchen means to visit, and wir means we. Das Übersetzungsbüro is accusative because besuchen takes a direct object; with a neuter noun, das looks the same in the nominative and accusative.
Die Firma gibt dem Übersetzungsbüro wichtige Dokumente.
The company gives the translation office important documents.
die Firma is the company, geben means to give, and wichtige Dokumente are important documents. Dem Übersetzungsbüro is dative because it is the recipient, while wichtige Dokumente is accusative as the thing given.
Die Adresse des Übersetzungsbüros steht auf der Website.
The address of the translation office is on the website.
die Adresse means the address, stehen means to be written or located, and die Website is the website. Des Übersetzungsbüros is genitive to show which office the address belongs to; auf der Website is dative because it describes a location.
In Berlin gibt es mehrere Übersetzungsbüros.
There are several translation offices in Berlin.
mehrere means several, and in Berlin means in Berlin. Übersetzungsbüros is plural with -s; in Berlin is dative because it describes a location, while es gibt uses the plural noun as its object.
Sie arbeitet in einem Übersetzungsbüro.
She works in a translation office.
arbeiten means to work, and einem is the dative form of ein. In einem Übersetzungsbüro is dative because in describes a fixed location; the finite verb arbeitet is in position two.
Vor dem Übersetzungsbüro wartet ein Kunde.
A customer is waiting in front of the translation office.
vor means in front of, warten means to wait, and ein Kunde is a customer. Vor dem Übersetzungsbüro is dative because vor describes location here; the phrase comes first, so the finite verb wartet still stays in position two.
die Überstunde — overtime hour
Eine Überstunde is one hour beyond the normal working time; the usual plural is Überstunden. The common expression Überstunden machen means to work overtime, not literally to make hours.
Die Überstunde beginnt um sechs Uhr.
The overtime hour begins at six o’clock.
beginnt means begins, and um sechs Uhr means at six o’clock. Die Überstunde is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beginnt is in position two.
Ich mache heute die Überstunde.
I am working the overtime hour today.
heute means today. Die Überstunde is accusative because machen takes a direct object in this expression; the finite verb mache stands in position two.
Nach der Überstunde fahre ich nach Hause.
After the overtime hour, I go home.
nach Hause means home, and fahre means go or travel. Der Überstunde is dative because nach governs the dative; because the sentence begins with this phrase, fahre still comes in position two.
Die Bezahlung der Überstunde ist nicht sicher.
Payment for the overtime hour is not certain.
die Bezahlung means payment, and nicht sicher means not certain. Der Überstunde is genitive because it specifies what the payment is for; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Viele Überstunden machen mich müde.
A lot of overtime hours make me tired.
viele means many or a lot of, and müde means tired. Überstunden is plural and is the subject here; mich is accusative because machen causes a change of state in the object.
Im Dezember habe ich besonders viele Überstunden gemacht.
In December I worked especially many overtime hours.
im Dezember means in December, and besonders viele means especially many. Überstunden is accusative after machen; the perfect uses habe and places gemacht at the end.