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German Student Dictionary — Part 19
Dictionary entries, alphabetical: Ellbogen – Entsetzen.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
der Ellbogen — elbow
Plural: die Ellbogen (unchanged, like "der Wagen"). Idiom in the dictionary's own example: "die Ellbogen vom Tisch nehmen" (elbows off the table) — table manners, addressed even to one person with the plural "die Ellbogen" (both elbows), not the singular.
Nom Der Ellbogen schmerzt nach dem Sturz.
The elbow hurts after the fall.
der Ellbogen (maskulin) = elbow · schmerzen = to hurt · der Sturz, ü-e = fall. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Ellbogen is the subject.
Akk Bitte nimm den Ellbogen vom Tisch.
Please keep your elbow off the table!
nehmen = to take · der Tisch, -e = table. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Bitte nimm die Ellbogen vom Tisch!" — Please keep your elbows off the table!) by singularizing.
Dat Er stützt sich mit dem Ellbogen auf den Tisch.
He props himself up on the table with his elbow.
sich stützen mit = to prop oneself up with (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein spitzer Ellbogen stößt mich an.
A pointy elbow bumps into me.
spitz = pointy · anstoßen = to bump/nudge (separable). "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Er verletzt sich einen Ellbogen beim Fußball.
He injures an elbow playing soccer.
sich (Dat) etwas (Akk) verletzen = to injure (a body part of one's own). "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Sie lehnt sich mit den Ellbogen auf den Tisch.
She leans on the table with her elbows.
sich lehnen = to lean. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Ellbogen already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added (Ellbogen → Ellbogen).
die Eltern — parents
Plural-only noun (Pl.) — there is no singular "der/die Elter" for "a parent" in everyday use; "one parent" is "ein Elternteil." Always used in the plural, like "die Geschwister" (siblings).
Nom Die Eltern feiern ihren Hochzeitstag.
The parents are celebrating their wedding anniversary.
die Eltern (Pl.) = parents · feiern = to celebrate · der Hochzeitstag, -e = wedding anniversary. "Die" — Nominativ plural, the article used for every gender in the plural. Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used the possessive "meine" instead of "die."
Akk Ich besuche die Eltern am Wochenende.
I visit the parents on the weekend.
besuchen = to visit · das Wochenende = weekend. "Die" stays "die" in Akkusativ plural — the article never distinguishes Nominativ from Akkusativ in the plural.
Dat Ich schreibe den Eltern einen Brief.
I am writing the parents a letter.
schreiben = to write · der Brief, -e = letter. "Den" — Dativ plural always uses this article, regardless of gender; Eltern already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
das Ende — end
Plural: die Enden. Common fixed phrase "am Ende" = "at the end / in the end," as in the dictionary's own example.
Nom Das Ende des Films überrascht alle.
The end of the film surprises everyone.
das Ende (neutral) = end · überraschen = to surprise. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Ende is the subject.
Akk Wir erreichen das Ende der Straße.
We reach the end of the street.
erreichen = to reach. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das). Ende is the direct object here.
Dat Der Held stirbt am Ende der Geschichte.
The hero dies at the end of the story.
der Held, -en = hero · sterben = to die · am = an + dem (contraction). "Am" absorbs "dem" — neutral Dativ (das → dem). The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Nom Ein gutes Ende ist wichtig für die Geschichte.
A good ending is important for the story.
wichtig = important · die Geschichte = story. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Der Autor schreibt ein überraschendes Ende.
The author writes a surprising ending.
der Autor, -en = author. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases.
Dat Die Kinder spielen mit den Enden des Seils.
The children play with the ends of the rope.
das Seil, -e = rope. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Ende's plural "Enden" already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
endlich — finally
Carries a sense of relief, as if something took a long time to happen — different from "schließlich" (finally, in the sense of "lastly, in conclusion").
Ich bin endlich mit meinem Projekt fertig.
I'm finally done with my project.
fertig sein mit = to be done with · das Projekt, -e = project. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
energisch — energetic
Root of the noun "die Energie" (energy) — bundled with it in the dictionary; see the next entry.
Er ist sehr energisch bei seiner Arbeit!
He is very energetic in his work!
die Arbeit = work. Predicate adjective — no ending after "ist." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
die Energie — energy
Plural: die Energien (rare — refers to distinct types of energy, as in "erneuerbare Energien," renewable energies). Root of the adjective "energisch" (energetic), bundled with it in the dictionary.
Nom Die Energie kommt aus Sonnenlicht.
The energy comes from sunlight.
die Energie (feminin) = energy · das Sonnenlicht = sunlight. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Energie is the subject.
Akk Wir sparen die Energie im Winter.
We save the energy in the winter.
sparen = to save. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Die Maschine funktioniert mit der Energie der Sonne.
The machine works with the sun's energy.
funktionieren = to work/function · die Sonne = sun. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "mit."
Nom Eine neue Energie treibt den Motor an.
A new energy powers the motor.
antreiben = to power/drive (separable) · der Motor, -en = motor. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no special ending.
Akk Der Wissenschaftler entdeckt eine unbekannte Energie.
The scientist discovers an unknown energy.
der Wissenschaftler = scientist · unbekannt = unknown. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Man kann zwischen den verschiedenen Energien wählen.
One can choose between the various energies.
zwischen + Dativ = between · wählen = to choose. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Energien already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
eng — narrow; tight
Also used adverbially: "eng zusammenarbeiten" = "to work closely together."
Diese alten Straßen sind eng.
These old streets are narrow.
die Straße = street. Predicate adjective — no ending. The dictionary's own example (OCR-fixed: "StraBen" → "Straßen").
Diese Schuhe sind zu eng.
These shoes are too tight.
der Schuh, -e = shoe · zu = too. The dictionary's own second example for this entry, unchanged.
der Engel — angel
Plural: die Engel (unchanged). Used as a generic term regardless of the angel's traditionally-described gender — a feminine form exists ("die Engelin") but is rare.
Nom Marie singt wie der Engel.
Marie sings like the angel.
der Engel (maskulin) = angel · singen = to sing. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ, matching the case of "Marie" in this comparison with "wie." Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Marie singt wie ein Engel" — Marie sings like an angel) to show the definite article.
Akk Die Kinder zeichnen den Engel für die Weihnachtskarte.
The children draw the angel for the Christmas card.
zeichnen = to draw · die Weihnachtskarte = Christmas card. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Das Kind vertraut dem Engel auf dem Bild.
The child trusts the angel in the picture.
vertrauen = to trust (+ Dativ) · das Bild, -er = picture. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Engel schwebt über der Krippe.
An angel hovers over the nativity scene.
schweben = to hover · die Krippe = nativity scene/crib. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Die Künstlerin malt einen Engel an die Decke.
The artist paints an angel on the ceiling.
die Künstlerin = artist · die Decke = ceiling. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Die Kirche ist voll mit den geschnitzten Engeln.
The church is full of the carved angels.
geschnitzt = carved. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Engel adds "-n" (Engel → Engeln) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
England — England
Neuter country name, used without an article (no "das England"), like most countries. Bundled in the dictionary with "der Engländer" (English person) and "Englisch, das" (the language) — see the next two entries.
Nom England hat viele alte Schlösser.
England has many old castles.
das Schloss, ö-er = castle. No article — England is the subject directly.
Akk Wir besuchen England im Frühling.
We are visiting England in the spring.
besuchen = to visit · der Frühling = spring. No article/ending change — country names without an article stay the same in every case.
Dat London und Manchester sind Städte in England.
London and Manchester are cities in England.
die Stadt, ä-e = city. No article/ending change for the country name itself. The dictionary's own example (OCR-fixed: "Stadte" → "Städte"), unchanged.
der Engländer — English person
Feminine: die Engländerin, plural die Engländerinnen. Plural of "der Engländer": die Engländer (unchanged). Not a weak noun — regular masculine declension, the same pattern as "der Belgier" or "der Ausländer."
Nom Der Engländer trinkt gern Tee.
The Englishman likes to drink tea.
der Engländer (maskulin) = Englishman · der Tee = tea. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Engländer is the subject.
Akk Ich kenne den Engländer aus meinem Kurs.
I know the Englishman from my class.
kennen = to know (be familiar with) · der Kurs, -e = course/class. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Sie hilft dem Engländer mit der deutschen Grammatik.
She helps the Englishman with German grammar.
helfen = to help (+ Dativ) · die Grammatik = grammar. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Engländer wohnt neben uns.
An Englishman lives next to us.
wohnen = to live · neben = next to. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Wir haben einen Engländer in unserer Gruppe.
We have an Englishman in our group.
die Gruppe = group. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Der Lehrer gibt den Engländern extra Zeit.
The teacher gives the Englishmen extra time.
geben = to give · die Zeit = time. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Engländer adds "-n" (Engländer → Engländern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
Englisch, das — English (the language)
Almost always used without any article in everyday speech — "Ich spreche Englisch." / "Sie lernt Englisch." The articled forms below appear when "Englisch" is modified by an adjective, e.g. "ein gutes Englisch." No plural — like "das Deutsch," "das Wetter."
Nom Das Englisch in diesem Buch ist einfach.
The English in this book is simple.
einfach = simple. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Englisch is the subject here (a specific, described "English," not the bare everyday usage).
Akk Ich verstehe das Englisch meiner Freundin gut.
I understand my friend's English well.
verstehen = to understand · die Freundin = (female) friend. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Sie hilft mir mit dem Englisch.
She helps me with my English.
helfen = to help (+ Dativ) · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein gutes Englisch braucht viel Übung.
Good English needs a lot of practice.
brauchen = to need · die Übung = practice. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das." The indefinite article appears here because "Englisch" is modified by the adjective "gutes."
Akk Er spricht ein fließendes Englisch.
He speaks fluent English.
fließend = fluent. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases.
der Enkel — ankle (dated)
A dated or regional word for "ankle," cognate with English "ankle" and Dutch "enkel" — modern standard German almost always uses "der Knöchel" instead. Unrelated to the far more common "der Enkel" (grandson, see below) despite the identical spelling — a true homonym pair. Plural: die Enkel (unchanged).
Nom Der Enkel ist geschwollen.
The ankle is swollen.
der Enkel (maskulin, dated) = ankle · geschwollen = swollen. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Enkel is the subject.
Akk Ich habe den Enkel verstaucht.
I sprained the ankle.
verstauchen = to sprain. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Ich habe meinen Enkel verstaucht" — I sprained my ankle) to show the definite article.
Dat Am Enkel spürt er starke Schmerzen.
He feels strong pain in his ankle.
spüren = to feel · der Schmerz, -en = pain · am = an + dem (contraction). "Am" absorbs "dem" — maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein geschwollener Enkel braucht Ruhe.
A swollen ankle needs rest.
brauchen = to need · die Ruhe = rest. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Sie hat sich einen Enkel gebrochen.
She broke an ankle.
sich (Dat) etwas (Akk) brechen = to break (a body part of one's own). "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Die Turnerin hat Schmerzen in den Enkeln.
The gymnast has pain in her ankles.
die Turnerin = (female) gymnast. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Enkel adds "-n" (Enkel → Enkeln) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
die Enkelin — granddaughter
Plural: die Enkelinnen. Masculine counterpart: der Enkel (grandson) — see the next entry.
Nom Die Enkelin ist zwei Jahre alt.
The granddaughter is two years old.
die Enkelin (feminin) = granddaughter. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Enkelin is the subject. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Ihre Enkelin ist zwei Jahre alt" — Her granddaughter is two years old) to show the definite article.
Akk Die Großmutter besucht die Enkelin jeden Sommer.
The grandmother visits the granddaughter every summer.
die Großmutter, ü = grandmother · besuchen = to visit. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Sie schenkt der Enkelin ein Buch.
She gives the granddaughter a book.
schenken = to give (as a gift). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der). Enkelin is the recipient here.
Nom Eine Enkelin lebt in Berlin.
A granddaughter lives in Berlin.
leben = to live. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no special ending.
Akk Er hat eine Enkelin und zwei Enkel.
He has one granddaughter and two grandsons.
der Enkel = grandson (see the next entry). "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Die Großeltern schreiben den Enkelinnen Briefe.
The grandparents write letters to their granddaughters.
die Großeltern (Pl.) = grandparents · der Brief, -e = letter. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Enkelinnen already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
der Enkel — grandson
Plural: die Enkel (unchanged). Feminine: die Enkelin (see above). Comes from Middle High German "en(en)kel," a diminutive of "Ahn" (ancestor) — literally "little ancestor." A separate, older word "Enkel" meaning "ankle" (see above) is an unrelated homonym.
Nom Der Enkel besucht seine Großmutter oft.
The grandson visits his grandmother often.
der Enkel (maskulin) = grandson · oft = often. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Enkel is the subject.
Akk Die Großeltern lieben den Enkel sehr.
The grandparents love the grandson very much.
lieben = to love. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Der Opa erzählt dem Enkel eine Geschichte.
The grandpa tells the grandson a story.
der Opa, -s = grandpa · erzählen = to tell (+ Dativ recipient). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Enkel wohnt bei den Großeltern.
A grandson lives with his grandparents.
wohnen bei = to live with (+ Dativ). "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Sie hat einen Enkel in Amerika.
She has a grandson in America.
haben = to have. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Die Großmutter schenkt den Enkeln Süßigkeiten.
The grandmother gives the grandsons candy.
die Süßigkeit, -en = candy/sweet. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Enkel adds "-n" (Enkel → Enkeln) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
entdecken — to discover
Regular verb — ich entdecke, du entdeckst, er/sie entdeckt. Root of the noun "die Entdeckung" (discovery) — see the next entry.
Wir entdeckten einen neuen Weg in die Stadt.
We discovered a new way to get to town.
der Weg, -e = way/path. Präteritum (simple past) form "entdeckten." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Die Kinder entdecken eine Höhle im Wald.
The children discover a cave in the forest.
die Höhle = cave · der Wald, ä-er = forest. Present tense, regular wir/sie-form.
die Entdeckung — discovery
Plural: die Entdeckungen. Built from "entdecken" (to discover) + the noun-forming suffix "-ung," which is always feminine.
Nom Die Entdeckung verändert die Wissenschaft.
The discovery changes science.
die Entdeckung (feminin) = discovery · verändern = to change · die Wissenschaft = science. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Entdeckung is the subject.
Akk Die Zeitung meldet die Entdeckung.
The newspaper reports the discovery.
die Zeitung, -en = newspaper · melden = to report. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Nach der Entdeckung feiert das Team.
After the discovery, the team celebrates.
nach + Dativ = after · feiern = to celebrate. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine neue Entdeckung begeistert die Forscher.
A new discovery excites the researchers.
begeistern = to excite · der Forscher = researcher. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no special ending.
Akk Der Archäologe macht eine wichtige Entdeckung.
The archaeologist makes an important discovery.
der Archäologe, -n = archaeologist · wichtig = important. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Das Museum berichtet von den neuesten Entdeckungen.
The museum reports on the latest discoveries.
das Museum, Museen = museum · berichten von = to report on (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Entdeckungen already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
die Ente — duck
Plural: die Enten.
Nom Die Ente schwimmt auf dem See.
The duck swims on the lake.
die Ente (feminin) = duck · schwimmen = to swim · der See, -n = lake. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Ente is the subject.
Akk Es gibt die Ente auf diesem Teich.
There is the duck on this pond.
es gibt = there is/are (+ Akkusativ) · der Teich, -e = pond. "Die" stays "die" in Akkusativ — the noun after "es gibt" is always a direct object. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Es gibt einige Enten auf diesem Teich" — There are some ducks on the pond) by singularizing and adding the definite article.
Dat Die Kinder geben der Ente Brot.
The children give the duck bread.
geben = to give (+ Dativ recipient) · das Brot = bread. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine Ente watschelt über die Straße.
A duck waddles across the street.
watscheln = to waddle. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no special ending.
Akk Wir sehen eine Ente im Park.
We see a duck in the park.
sehen = to see · der Park, -s = park. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Wir geben den Enten Brot.
We give the ducks bread.
Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Enten already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
entfernen — to remove
Regular verb — ich entferne, du entfernst, er/sie entfernt. Root of the noun "die Entfernung" (distance) and the adjective "entfernt" (distant) — see the next two entries.
Wir müssen heute Abend den Schmuck entfernen.
We must remove the decorations tonight.
müssen = must · der Schmuck = decorations/jewelry. The dictionary's own example, OCR-fixed ("miissen" → "müssen", "heute abend" → "heute Abend").
Der Zahnarzt entfernt den kaputten Zahn.
The dentist removes the broken tooth.
der Zahnarzt, ä-e = dentist · kaputt = broken · der Zahn, ä-e = tooth.
die Entfernung — distance
Plural: die Entfernungen. Built from "entfernen" (to remove) + "-ung" — literally "a removing," extended to mean the space something has been "removed" by, i.e. distance.
Nom Die Entfernung zwischen New York und Paris beträgt ungefähr 3.500 Meilen.
The distance between New York and Paris is about 3,500 miles.
die Entfernung (feminin) = distance · betragen = to amount to · ungefähr = about/approximately. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Entfernung is the subject. The dictionary's own example, OCR-fixed ("betragt" → "beträgt", "ungefahr" → "ungefähr").
Akk Wir messen die Entfernung mit einer App.
We measure the distance with an app.
messen = to measure. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Bei der Entfernung braucht man ein Auto.
At that distance, one needs a car.
bei + Dativ = at/given (a circumstance) · brauchen = to need. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine große Entfernung trennt die beiden Städte.
A great distance separates the two cities.
trennen = to separate · beide = both. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no special ending.
Akk Der Läufer schafft eine weite Entfernung.
The runner covers a long distance.
der Läufer = runner · schaffen = to manage/cover · weit = far/long. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Die Karte zeigt Informationen zu den verschiedenen Entfernungen.
The map shows information about the various distances.
die Karte = map · zu + Dativ = about/regarding. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Entfernungen already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
entfernt — distant
Past participle of "entfernen" (to remove) used as an adjective: "weit entfernt" = "far away." Bundled with "die Entfernung" in the dictionary.
Das Dorf liegt weit entfernt.
The village is located far away.
das Dorf, ö-er = village · liegen = to lie/be located · weit = far. Predicate adjective — no ending.
entgegen — toward
Governs Dativ, and usually follows its noun/pronoun rather than preceding it, as in the dictionary's own example: "mir entgegen" (toward me), not "entgegen mir."
Der Hund kommt mir entgegen.
The dog is coming toward me.
der Hund, -e = dog · mir = to/toward me (Dativ). The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
enthalten, er enthält — to contain; to hold
Irregular verb with a stem change: ich enthalte, du enthältst, er/sie enthält (a → ä), wir enthalten. Built from "ent-" + "halten" (to hold).
Dieses Buch enthält viele interessante Tatsachen.
This book contains many interesting facts.
die Tatsache, -n = fact. The dictionary's own example, OCR-fixed ("enthalt" → "enthält").
entlang — along
Can appear before its noun (+ Genitiv or Dativ, as in the dictionary's own example "entlang der Allee") or after its noun (+ Akkusativ, "die Allee entlang") — both are correct.
Die Bäume wachsen entlang der Allee.
Trees grow all along the avenue.
der Baum, ä-e = tree · wachsen = to grow · die Allee, -n = avenue. The dictionary's own example, OCR-fixed ("Baume" → "Bäume").
neben — next to; alongside
A two-way preposition (Wechselpräposition): Dativ for location ("wo?" — where something is), Akkusativ for direction ("wohin?" — where something is moving to). Bundled with "entlang" in the dictionary, though unrelated in meaning.
Das Buch liegt neben dem Computer.
The book lies next to the computer.
liegen = to lie/be located · der Computer, - = computer. Dativ here — "wo?", a fixed location.
Er legt das Buch neben den Computer.
He puts the book next to the computer.
legen = to lay/put. Akkusativ here — "wohin?", showing movement to a new position.
entmutigt — discouraged
Past participle of the separable verb "entmutigen" (to discourage) used as an adjective. Opposite: "ermutigt" (encouraged).
Die Mannschaft war entmutigt, nachdem sie das Spiel verloren hatte.
The team was discouraged after losing the game.
die Mannschaft, -en = team · verlieren = to lose · nachdem = after. Predicate adjective — no ending. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
die Entscheidung — decision
Plural: die Entscheidungen. Built from "entscheiden" (to decide) + "-ung." Fixed phrase: "eine Entscheidung treffen" = "to make a decision" (literally "to hit/strike a decision").
Nom Es war die schwere Entscheidung, von meiner Familie wegzuziehen.
It was the difficult decision of moving away from my family.
die Entscheidung (feminin) = decision · schwer = difficult/hard · wegziehen = to move away (separable). "Die" — feminin Nominativ, a predicate noun after "war." Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Es war eine schwere Entscheidung, von meiner Familie wegzuziehen" — Moving away from my family was a difficult decision) to show the definite article.
Akk Ich verstehe die Entscheidung nicht.
I don't understand the decision.
verstehen = to understand. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Nach der Entscheidung fühlt sie sich erleichtert.
After the decision, she feels relieved.
sich fühlen = to feel · erleichtert = relieved. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "nach."
Nom Eine schwierige Entscheidung steht bevor.
A difficult decision lies ahead.
bevorstehen = to lie ahead/be imminent (separable) · schwierig = difficult. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no special ending.
Akk Der Chef trifft eine wichtige Entscheidung.
The boss makes an important decision.
der Chef, -s = boss · treffen = to make (a decision). "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Sie steht zu den früheren Entscheidungen.
She stands by her earlier decisions.
stehen zu = to stand by (+ Dativ) · früher = earlier. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Entscheidungen already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
entschuldigen — to excuse
Regular verb — ich entschuldige, du entschuldigst, er/sie entschuldigt. "Entschuldigen Sie" is the standard polite way to get someone's attention or apologize, similar to English "excuse me."
Entschuldigen Sie bitte meine Verspätung.
Please excuse me for being late.
die Verspätung, -en = lateness/delay. Formal imperative (Sie-form). The dictionary's own example, OCR-fixed ("Verspatung" → "Verspätung").
entsetzlich — horrible
Related to the noun "das Entsetzen" (horror) — see the next entry.
Das war ein entsetzlicher Film!
That was a horrible movie!
der Film, -e = movie/film. Attributive adjective — "-er" ending, maskulin Nominativ after "ein" (mixed declension). The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
das Entsetzen — horror
An abstract, mostly uncountable noun for a feeling — no natural plural, like "die Angst" or "das Blut." Root of the adjective "entsetzlich" (horrible), bundled with it in the dictionary.
Nom Das Entsetzen steht ihr ins Gesicht geschrieben.
The horror is written on her face.
das Entsetzen (neutral) = horror · das Gesicht, -er = face. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Entsetzen is the subject.
Akk Die Nachricht löst das Entsetzen aus.
The news triggers the horror.
die Nachricht, -en = news · auslösen = to trigger (separable). Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Sie erstarrt vor dem Entsetzen.
She freezes from horror.
erstarren = to freeze/go rigid · vor + Dativ = from/with (a strong feeling). "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein plötzliches Entsetzen ergreift ihn.
A sudden horror seizes him.
plötzlich = sudden · ergreifen = to seize/grip. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Der Film zeigt ein tiefes Entsetzen.
The film shows a deep horror.
tief = deep · zeigen = to show. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases.