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Vocab: Movement — A1 (1) ​

Movement vocabulary at A1 level.

Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural

abfahren — to depart, to leave ​

Abfahren is a separable strong verb: fährt ab – fuhr ab – ist abgefahren. For a person leaving on foot, use weggehen or gehen; abfahren is especially common for vehicles and scheduled transport.
Der Zug fährt ab.
The train is departing.
der Zug means the train. The finite verb fährt stands in position two, while the separable prefix ab goes to the end of the main clause.
Der Zug ist um acht Uhr abgefahren.
The train left at eight o’clock.
um acht Uhr means at eight o’clock. Abgefahren pairs with sein because it expresses movement and stands at the end, while ist is in position two.
Der Zug fuhr ab, bevor wir ankamen.
The train departed before we arrived.
bevor means before and ankamen means arrived. The finite verb fuhr is in position two in the main clause; in the bevor clause, ankamen goes to the end.
Fahr ab, der Zug wartet nicht!
Leave; the train is not waiting!
der Zug means the train, and wartet nicht means is not waiting. The imperative fahr comes first and the prefix ab goes to the end of its clause.
Wenn der Zug pünktlich wäre, führe ich jetzt ab.
If the train were on time, I would leave now.
pünktlich means on time and jetzt means now. Führe ... ab is the Konjunktiv II form; the prefix remains at the end, and wäre marks the unreal condition.
Der Bus wird um sechs Uhr abfahren.
The bus will depart at six o’clock.
der Bus means the bus and um sechs Uhr means at six o’clock. The auxiliary wird is in position two and the infinitive abfahren goes to the end; here the prefix is not separated.

abholen — to pick up, to collect ​

The person or thing picked up is an accusative object: jemanden abholen or etwas abholen. The place is often introduced by von plus dative, as in vom Bahnhof.
Mein Vater holt ab mich vom Bahnhof.
My father is picking me up from the station.
mein Vater means my father, mich means me, and vom Bahnhof means from the station. Mich is accusative because it is the person being picked up; holt is in position two and ab goes to the end.
Mein Vater hat mich vom Bahnhof abgeholt.
My father picked me up from the station.
mein Vater means my father, mich means me, and vom Bahnhof means from the station. Mich remains accusative, and the perfect is hat abgeholt with haben and the participle at the end.
Mein Vater holte ab mich gestern.
My father picked me up yesterday.
gestern means yesterday. Mich is accusative because it is the object of abholen; the regular past form is holte, with ab at the end.
Hol ab mich bitte vom Bahnhof!
Please pick me up from the station!
bitte means please, mich means me, and vom Bahnhof means from the station. Mich is accusative, and the informal command splits into hol ... ab.
Wenn du Zeit hättest, würdest du mich abholen.
If you had time, you would pick me up.
wenn du Zeit hättest means if you had time. Mich is accusative; after würdest, the infinitive abholen goes to the end and is written as one word.
Ich werde dich morgen abholen.
I will pick you up tomorrow.
dich means you and morgen means tomorrow. Dich is accusative because it is the person being collected; werde is in position two and abholen goes to the end as one word.

die Abkürzung — abbreviation, shortened form ​

An Abkürzung shortens a word or phrase in writing. Do not confuse it with Abkürzung meaning a shortcut on a route; that is a different sense.
Die Abkürzung steht auf dem Formular.
The abbreviation is on the form.
steht means is written or stands, and das Formular means the form. Die Abkürzung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb steht is in position two.
Ich kenne die Abkürzung nicht.
I do not know the abbreviation.
kennen means know or be familiar with, and nicht means not. die Abkürzung is accusative because it is the direct object of kennen; nicht negates the sentence.
Mit der Abkürzung spart man Zeit.
Using the abbreviation saves time.
mit means with or by using, spart means saves, and Zeit means time. mit always takes the dative, so der Abkürzung is dative; man is the general subject and spart is in position two.
Die Bedeutung der Abkürzung ist unklar.
The meaning of the abbreviation is unclear.
die Bedeutung means the meaning and unklar means unclear. der Abkürzung is genitive because it specifies which meaning; the finite verb ist is in position two.
In diesem Text stehen viele Abkürzungen.
There are many abbreviations in this text.
in diesem Text means in this text, and viele means many. Abkürzungen is plural after viele; in takes the dative here because the sentence describes a fixed location, not movement.

anfassen — to touch, handle; to tackle, deal with ​

Anfassen takes an accusative object. In a main clause its prefix an separates, but after a modal verb, würde, or another verb form that requires an infinitive, the infinitive stays together as anfassen.
Das Kind fasst die heiße Tasse nicht an.
The child does not touch the hot cup.
das Kind is the child, heiß means hot, and die Tasse is the cup. die heiße Tasse is accusative because anfassen takes a direct object; the finite verb is in position two and the prefix an is at the end.
Ich habe den Stoff kurz angefasst.
I touched the fabric briefly.
der Stoff is the fabric or material and kurz means briefly. den Stoff is accusative as the direct object, and angefasst stands at the end with habe as the auxiliary.
Sie fasste den Knopf vorsichtig an.
She carefully touched the button.
der Knopf is the button and vorsichtig means carefully. den Knopf is accusative because it is the object; in the simple past, fasste is in position two and an is separated to the end.
Fass das nicht an!
Don't touch that!
das means that or it, and nicht means not. This informal singular imperative takes the accusative object das; the prefix an goes to the end.
Ich würde die nasse Farbe nicht anfassen.
I would not touch the wet paint.
nass means wet and die Farbe is the paint. die nasse Farbe is accusative as the direct object, and the infinitive anfassen remains together at the end after würde.
Du wirst den alten Computer nicht anfassen.
You will not touch the old computer.
alt means old and der Computer is the computer. den alten Computer is accusative because it is the object, and the complete infinitive anfassen goes to the end after wirst.
Im Gespräch fasste das schwierige Thema an.
In the conversation, she tackled the difficult topic.
im Gespräch means in the conversation, and das schwierige Thema is the difficult topic. das schwierige Thema is accusative as the object; fasste is in position two and the prefix an goes to the end.
Wir wollen das Problem morgen anfassen.
We want to tackle the problem tomorrow.
das Problem is the problem and morgen means tomorrow. das Problem is accusative because it is the object, while the infinitive anfassen goes to the end after the modal verb wollen.

der Anzug — suit; tracksuit, exercise suit ​

A suit is a set of matching clothing, usually a jacket and trousers. The plural changes the vowel: Anzug becomes Anzüge.
Der Anzug ist sehr elegant.
The suit is very elegant.
elegant means elegant or smart. Der Anzug is nominative because it is the subject, and the verb ist stands in position two.
Ich kaufe den Anzug.
I am buying the suit.
kaufe means buy. den Anzug is accusative because it is the direct object of kaufe; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Ich helfe meinem Bruder mit dem Anzug.
I help my brother with the suit.
meinem Bruder means my brother, and mit means with. helfen takes a dative person, and mit also takes the dative, so dem Anzug is dative.
Die Farbe des Anzugs gefällt mir.
I like the colour of the suit.
die Farbe means the colour, and gefällt mir means is pleasing to me. des Anzugs is genitive to show possession, while mir is dative because gefallen takes the person who likes something in the dative.
Die Anzüge hängen im Schaufenster.
The suits are hanging in the shop window.
hängen means are hanging, and im Schaufenster means in the shop window. Die Anzüge is plural nominative as the subject; im means in dem, with dative for a fixed location.
Er läuft im Anzug durch den Park.
He runs through the park in the tracksuit.
läuft means runs, durch den Park means through the park, and im Anzug means in the tracksuit. im is in dem and takes the dative for a fixed situation; durch takes the accusative.
Mein neuer Anzug ist bequem.
My new tracksuit is comfortable.
mein neuer Anzug means my new tracksuit, and bequem means comfortable. The noun phrase is nominative as the subject, and neuer has the masculine nominative ending after mein.

aufstehen — to get up; to stand up, to rise ​

For getting out of bed, aufstehen usually takes sein in the perfect: ist aufgestanden. It has no direct object in this sense; a time expression such as um sieben Uhr says when the action happens.
Ich stehe jeden Morgen um sieben Uhr auf.
I get up at seven every morning.
jeden Morgen means every morning, and um sieben Uhr means at seven o'clock. The finite verb stehe is in position two, while auf moves to the end; the time expressions do not change the verb pattern.
Ich bin um sieben Uhr aufgestanden.
I got up at seven o'clock.
um sieben Uhr means at seven o'clock, and bin is a form of sein. Aufgestanden is the Partizip II of a change-of-position verb, so it pairs with sein and goes to the end.
Ich stand um sieben Uhr auf.
I got up at seven o'clock.
um sieben Uhr means at seven o'clock. Stand is the strong past form of stehen, and the prefix auf is separated and placed at the end.
Steh jetzt auf.
Get up now.
jetzt means now. The imperative steh comes first and the prefix auf goes to the end; this split is essential in a command.
Ich würde gern früher aufstehen.
I would like to get up earlier.
gern means gladly or would like to, and früher means earlier. After würde, the infinitive aufstehen stays together at the end; do not split it in this construction.
Ich werde morgen früh aufstehen.
I will get up early tomorrow.
morgen früh means tomorrow morning or early tomorrow, and werde forms the future. The infinitive aufstehen goes to the end as one word, unlike its split form in a main-clause present tense.
Bitte steh für die ältere Dame auf.
Please stand up for the elderly lady.
bitte means please, and die ältere Dame is the elderly lady. Für die ältere Dame takes the accusative because für always governs accusative; steh comes first and auf goes to the end.
Alle Gäste sind sofort aufgestanden.
All the guests stood up immediately.
alle Gäste means all the guests, and sofort means immediately. Aufgestanden pairs with sein because it expresses a change of position, and it stands at the end of the perfect clause.

die Bahn — train, railway; rail transport; track, lane, route ​

In everyday travel language, die Bahn often means train travel or the rail service, not one particular train only. Mit der Bahn means “by train” and requires the dative after mit.
Die Bahn ist heute pünktlich.
The train is on time today.
heute means today and pünktlich means on time. Die Bahn is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich nehme die Bahn zur Arbeit.
I take the train to work.
nehmen means to take, zur Arbeit means to work, and Arbeit is work. Die Bahn is accusative because it is the direct object of nehme; the finite verb stands in position two.
Wir fahren mit der Bahn nach Hamburg.
We are travelling to Hamburg by train.
fahren means to travel, and nach Hamburg means to Hamburg. Mit always takes the dative, so der Bahn is dative; the finite verb fahren is in position two.
Die Verspätung der Bahn ärgert alle Fahrgäste.
The train’s delay annoys all the passengers.
die Verspätung is the delay, ärgert means annoys, and Fahrgäste are passengers. Der Bahn is genitive and shows whose delay it is; the finite verb ärgert stands in position two.
Die Bahnen fahren am Wochenende seltener.
The trains run less often at the weekend.
am Wochenende means at the weekend, and seltener means less often. Die Bahnen is nominative plural because it is the subject, and fahren follows it in position two.
Die Läufer starten auf der Bahn.
The runners start on the track.
Läufer means runners and starten means start. Auf der Bahn describes a location, so auf takes the dative here; the finite verb starten is in position two.
Der Zug wechselt auf eine andere Bahn.
The train changes to another track.
der Zug is the train, wechselt means changes, and eine andere means another. Auf eine andere Bahn expresses movement towards a new track, so auf takes the accusative; the finite verb wechselt is in position two.

beeilen — to hurry, to be in a hurry ​

Sich beeilen is normally reflexive and means to hurry; the reflexive pronoun changes with the subject, for example ich beeile mich and du beeilst dich. It takes haben in the perfect, and the common command is Beeil dich!
Ich beeile mich jeden Morgen.
I hurry every morning.
jeden Morgen means every morning. Mich is the accusative reflexive pronoun required with sich beeilen, and the finite verb beeile stands in position two.
Wir haben uns beeilt, aber der Bus war schon weg.
We hurried, but the bus had already gone.
aber means but, der Bus is the bus, and schon weg means already gone. The perfect uses haben plus beeilt, with uns as the accusative reflexive pronoun; beeilt goes to the end of the first clause.
Sie beeilte sich, weil der Film begann.
She hurried because the film was beginning.
weil means because, der Film is the film, and begann means began. Beeilte is the regular preterite, and sich is the reflexive pronoun; the finite verb begann goes to the end of the weil clause.
Beeil dich, sonst kommen wir zu spät!
Hurry up, otherwise we will be late!
sonst means otherwise, zu spät means too late, and kommen means come or arrive. Beeil is the du imperative without -st, and dich must remain because the verb is reflexive.
Wenn ich mich beeilen würde, könnte ich den Zug noch erreichen.
If I hurried, I could still catch the train.
wenn means if, könnte means could, noch means still, and erreichen means catch or reach. Mich is accusative reflexive; würde goes to the end of the wenn clause, while erreichen goes to the end of the main clause.
Ich werde mich beeilen, damit wir pünktlich ankommen.
I will hurry so that we arrive on time.
damit means so that, pünktlich means on time, and ankommen means arrive. Future uses werde in position two and the infinitive beeilen at the end, with mich as the accusative reflexive pronoun.

bringen — to bring, to take ​

Bringen often has both a thing in the accusative and a recipient in the dative: jemandem etwas bringen. In the perfect it takes haben, and its mixed principal parts are bringen – brachte – hat gebracht.
Ich bringe dir morgen das Buch.
I will bring you the book tomorrow.
dir means “to you”, morgen means “tomorrow”, and das Buch means “the book”. Dir is dative for the recipient, while das Buch is accusative as the thing brought; the finite verb bringe stands in position two.
Sie hat den Kindern Kuchen gebracht.
She brought the children cake.
sie means “she”, den Kindern means “the children”, and Kuchen means “cake”. Den Kindern is dative for the recipients and Kuchen is accusative; the auxiliary hat is in position two and gebracht goes to the end.
Er brachte seine Schwester zum Bahnhof.
He took his sister to the station.
seine Schwester means “his sister”, and zum Bahnhof means “to the station”. Seine Schwester is accusative because it is the person being taken; brachte is the mixed-verb past form and stands in position two.
Bring bitte eine Jacke mit!
Please bring a jacket with you!
bitte means “please”, eine Jacke means “a jacket”, and mit means “along/with you”. Eine Jacke is accusative because it is the object; the command uses bring, while mit adds the idea of bringing something along.
Wenn ich Zeit hätte, brächte ich dir das Paket.
If I had time, I would bring you the parcel.
wenn means “if”, Zeit means “time”, and das Paket means “the parcel”. Dir is dative for the recipient and das Paket is accusative; brächte expresses an unreal or hypothetical action, and the finite verb comes at the end of the wenn clause.
Wir werden die Getränke zur Party bringen.
We will bring the drinks to the party.
die Getränke means “the drinks”, and zur Party means “to the party”. Die Getränke is accusative as the object; werden is in position two and the infinitive bringen goes to the end.

daneben — next to it, beside it; wrong, inappropriate, off the mark ​

For a place, daneben means next to it or beside it. It often replaces a phrase such as neben dem Tisch, so no separate case phrase is needed.
Die Apotheke ist daneben.
The pharmacy is next door.
die Apotheke is the pharmacy. daneben describes a nearby position and stands at the end of the sentence after the linking verb ist.
Stell die Tasche daneben.
Put the bag next to it.
die Tasche is the bag, and stellen means to put something in an upright position. daneben means beside it; Stell is the informal singular imperative, so there is no subject pronoun.
Dein Kommentar war wirklich daneben.
Your comment was really inappropriate.
dein Kommentar means your comment, and wirklich means really. Here daneben is figurative and means inappropriate; it stands after the linking verb war as a predicative complement.
Mit dieser Antwort liegst du völlig daneben.
You are completely wrong with this answer.
die Antwort is the answer, and völlig means completely. danebenliegen means to be wrong; the preposition mit takes the dative, so dieser Antwort is dative.

davon — about it, from it; of them; away from it, away ​

davon is a pronominal adverb: da- plus von. It normally refers to a thing or idea, not directly to a person; for people, use von ihm or von ihr.
Ich will nichts davon hören.
I do not want to hear anything about it.
nichts means nothing and hören means to hear. davon refers back to something already mentioned; it combines da- with von and replaces a phrase such as “about that.”
Drei davon sind noch warm.
Three of them are still warm.
Drei means three and noch warm means still warm. davon means of them here and refers to a group already known; the finite verb sind stands in position two.
Geh bitte davon weg.
Please move away from there.
Geh means go, bitte means please, and weg means away. davon points to the place being avoided, while the separable verb weggehen puts weg at the end of the main clause.
Der Hund läuft davon.
The dog runs away.
Der Hund is the dog and läuft means runs. davonlaufen means to run away; its separable prefix davon stands at the end of this main clause.

davor — in front of it, in front of that; before it, beforehand; afraid of it ​

davor is da- plus vor and usually refers to a thing or place, not a person. For a person, use vor ihm or vor ihr.
Der Bus hält davor.
The bus stops in front of it.
Der Bus is the bus and hält means stops. davor means in front of it and refers to a place already understood; the finite verb hält is in position two.
Stell dich davor!
Stand in front of it!
Stell dich means stand or place yourself, and dich is the accusative reflexive pronoun. davor means in front of it; the imperative comes first, while davor gives the location.
Ich habe Angst davor, allein zu fliegen.
I am afraid of flying alone.
Angst means fear, allein means alone, and fliegen means to fly. Angst vor etwas haben uses vor with the dative, and davor refers forward to the zu-infinitive phrase zu fliegen.
Denk davor gut nach!
Think carefully about it beforehand!
Denk ... nach means think something through, and gut means carefully or well. The separable verb nachdenken puts nach at the end, while davor means before that happens.

drehen — to turn, rotate ​

For the physical meaning, drehen normally takes an accusative object: etwas drehen means to turn something. With sich drehen, it can mean to rotate or turn around; the perfect uses haben, not sein, when a person turns something.
Ich drehe den Schlüssel im Schloss.
I turn the key in the lock.
der Schlüssel means the key, im Schloss means in the lock, and drehen means to turn. Den Schlüssel is accusative because it is the direct object; the finite verb drehe stands in position two.
Sie hat den Knopf langsam gedreht.
She turned the knob slowly.
sie means she, der Knopf means the knob, and langsam means slowly. The perfect uses hat plus gedreht, with the Partizip II at the end; den Knopf is accusative because it is what she turned.
Früher drehte er jeden Morgen die Kurbel.
He used to turn the crank every morning.
früher means formerly or in the past, jeden Morgen means every morning, and die Kurbel is the crank. Drehte is the regular simple-past form; because Früher occupies position one, the verb still comes in position two.
Dreh den Deckel nach rechts!
Turn the lid to the right!
der Deckel means the lid, and nach rechts means to the right. Dreh is the du imperative, and den Deckel is accusative because it is the object being turned; the subject du is left out.
Ich würde den Regler etwas nach links drehen.
I would turn the control a little to the left.
der Regler means the control or dial, etwas means a little, and nach links means to the left. Würde expresses a hypothetical situation and sends the infinitive drehen to the end; den Regler is accusative.
Morgen werde ich den Hahn vorsichtig drehen.
Tomorrow I will turn the tap carefully.
morgen means tomorrow, der Hahn means the tap, and vorsichtig means carefully. Future uses werde plus the infinitive drehen at the end; den Hahn is accusative because it is the object.

drücken — to press, push, squeeze; to hug ​

The physical object is accusative: etwas drücken. In everyday German, den Knopf drücken means press the button; the verb is regular and takes haben in the perfect.
Er drückt den Knopf.
He presses the button.
er means he, and der Knopf means the button. den Knopf is accusative because drücken takes a direct object, and drückt is in position two.
Er hat den Knopf gedrückt.
He pressed the button.
der Knopf means the button. The perfect uses hat plus gedrückt at the end; den Knopf remains accusative as the direct object.
Er drückte den Knopf.
He pressed the button.
er means he, and der Knopf means the button. drückte is the regular simple-past form in position two, and den Knopf is accusative after drücken.
Drück den Knopf!
Press the button!
den Knopf means the button. Drück is the du imperative and comes first; the object den Knopf is accusative.
Ich würde den Knopf nicht drücken.
I would not press the button.
ich means I, nicht means not, and der Knopf means the button. würde ... drücken expresses a hypothetical action, with the infinitive at the end; den Knopf is accusative.
Sie wird den Knopf drücken.
She will press the button.
sie means she, and der Knopf means the button. wird is in position two and the infinitive drücken goes to the end; den Knopf is the accusative object.
Die Mutter drückt ihr Kind.
The mother hugs her child.
die Mutter means the mother, and ihr Kind means her child. ihr Kind is accusative as the person being hugged, and drückt stands in position two.
Zum Abschied haben wir uns gedrückt.
We hugged goodbye.
zum Abschied means when saying goodbye, and wir means we. uns is the accusative reflexive pronoun for we, and the perfect places gedrückt at the end after haben.

fahren — to drive, to travel (by vehicle) ​

Fahren can mean driving a vehicle or travelling in one, especially with mit plus the dative. In the perfect, use sein for movement to a destination but haben when the vehicle is the direct object, as in Ich habe das Auto gefahren.
Ich fahre jeden Morgen mit dem Bus zur Arbeit.
I take the bus to work every morning.
jeden Morgen means every morning, mit dem Bus means by bus, and zur Arbeit means to work. The finite verb fahre is in position two; mit takes the dative, while zur is short for zu der and also takes the dative.
Wir sind gestern nach Berlin gefahren.
We travelled to Berlin yesterday.
gestern means yesterday, and nach Berlin means to Berlin. Sind ... gefahren uses sein because fahren expresses movement; the auxiliary is in position two and gefahren goes to the end.
Sie fuhr bei starkem Regen sehr langsam.
She drove very slowly in heavy rain.
bei starkem Regen means in heavy rain, and sehr langsam means very slowly. Fuhr is the strong-verb preterite of fahren and stands in position two; bei takes the dative.
Fahr vorsichtig!
Drive carefully!
vorsichtig means carefully. Fahr is the du imperative, so du is omitted; do not use the present form fährst as an imperative.
Wenn ich ein Auto hätte, führe ich jeden Tag ans Meer.
If I had a car, I would drive to the sea every day.
wenn means if, ein Auto means a car, and ans Meer means to the sea. Führe is the Konjunktiv II of fahren; it is in the subordinate clause, where the verb goes to the end, while ich follows the comma in the main clause.
Morgen werde ich mit dem Zug nach München fahren.
Tomorrow I will travel to Munich by train.
morgen means tomorrow, mit dem Zug means by train, and nach München means to Munich. The auxiliary werde stands in position two and the infinitive fahren goes to the end; mit takes the dative.

fliegen — to fly; to travel by plane ​

For movement, the perfect normally uses sein: ist geflogen. When a person has flown or piloted an aircraft as an activity, haben is also possible, for example Der Pilot hat das Flugzeug geflogen.
Der Vogel fliegt über den See.
The bird is flying over the lake.
der Vogel means the bird, and über den See means over the lake. fliegt is in position two as the finite verb; über takes accusative here because the bird moves across the lake.
Wir sind nach Berlin geflogen.
We flew to Berlin.
nach Berlin means to Berlin. geflogen pairs with sein because it describes movement from one place to another, and the participle goes to the end of the perfect clause.
Der Pilot flog sehr niedrig.
The pilot flew very low.
der Pilot means the pilot, and sehr niedrig means very low. flog is the strong Präteritum form of fliegen and stands in position two.
Flieg nicht so hoch!
Don't fly so high!
nicht so hoch means not so high. Flieg is the informal singular imperative, and the subject du is normally omitted; nicht comes before the phrase it negates.
Wenn ich könnte, würde ich um die Welt fliegen.
If I could, I would fly around the world.
wenn ich könnte means if I could, and um die Welt means around the world. The conditional form uses würde plus the infinitive fliegen; the infinitive goes to the end of the main clause.
Morgen fliegt meine Familie nach Spanien.
My family is flying to Spain tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow, and meine Familie means my family. Here the present tense can express a planned future, with nach Spanien meaning to Spain; the finite verb fliegt remains in position two.

gehen — to go, to walk; to be going, to work, to be possible ​

gehen is a strong verb with the forms ging and ist gegangen. It normally takes sein in the perfect when it means movement; destinations are often expressed with nach, zu, or in.
Ich gehe jeden Morgen zur Arbeit.
I walk to work every morning.
jeden Morgen means every morning, and zur Arbeit means to work. The finite verb gehe stands in position two; zu takes the dative in zur Arbeit, and the phrase describes a destination.
Wir sind gestern nach Berlin gegangen.
We went to Berlin yesterday.
gestern means yesterday, and nach Berlin means to Berlin. The perfect uses sind plus gegangen because gehen expresses movement; the auxiliary is in position two and the Partizip II goes to the end.
Er ging schnell nach draußen.
He went outside quickly.
schnell means quickly, and nach draußen means outside. Ging is the strong-verb preterite and stands in position two; nach draußen marks movement towards the outside.
Geh bitte nach Hause!
Please go home!
bitte means please, and nach Hause means home. Geh is the informal singular imperative with du understood; the destination phrase uses nach, not zu.
Ich würde gern mit euch gehen.
I would like to go with you.
würde gern means would like to, and mit euch means with you. Würde is in position two and gehen remains an infinitive at the end; mit always takes the dative, shown by euch.
Morgen gehen wir gemeinsam ins Kino.
Tomorrow we will go to the cinema together.
morgen means tomorrow, gemeinsam means together, and ins Kino means to the cinema. The present form gehen can express a planned future with morgen; the finite verb stays in position two, unlike a future construction with werden.
Wie geht es dir?
How are you?
wie means how, es means it, and dir means to you. This is a fixed expression asking about someone’s condition; dir is dative, and the finite verb geht is in position two.
Das geht heute leider nicht.
Unfortunately, that is not possible today.
heute means today, and leider means unfortunately. Here geht means is possible rather than moves; nicht negates the possibility, and the finite verb is in position two.

geradeaus — straight ahead ​

geradeaus describes movement in a straight direction. It is not the same as gerade, which can mean just, currently, or straight depending on context.
Gehen Sie an der Kreuzung geradeaus.
Go straight ahead at the crossroads.
die Kreuzung is the crossroads, and gehen means to go or walk. Gehen Sie is a polite imperative, and geradeaus is an adverb placed at the end to show the direction.
Der Bus fährt geradeaus bis zum Bahnhof.
The bus goes straight on to the station.
der Bus is the bus, bis zum Bahnhof means as far as the station, and fahren means to travel or drive. The finite verb fährt is in position two, while geradeaus describes the direction of movement.

graben — to dig ​

Graben is a strong verb: graben – grub – hat gegraben. It normally takes haben in the perfect and an accusative object such as ein Loch; do not confuse it with the noun der Graben.
Ich grabe ein Loch im Garten.
I am digging a hole in the garden.
ein Loch means a hole and der Garten means garden. Ein Loch is accusative because graben takes the thing being made as its object; the finite verb grabe stands in position two.
Sie hat ein tiefes Loch gegraben.
She dug a deep hole.
tief means deep and Loch means hole. The perfect uses hat plus gegraben because this verb takes haben; the participle goes to the end, and ein tiefes Loch is accusative.
Der Bauer grub einen Brunnen.
The farmer dug a well.
der Bauer means farmer and der Brunnen means well. Grub is the strong-verb past form; einen Brunnen is accusative because it is the object of the digging.
Grab ein Loch für den Baum!
Dig a hole for the tree!
für den Baum means for the tree. Grab is the short du-imperative and the subject is understood; ein Loch is accusative, while für always takes the accusative.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, grübe ich einen Teich.
If I had more time, I would dig a pond.
mehr Zeit means more time and der Teich means pond. Grübe is the strong Konjunktiv II form; it stands at the end of the wenn-clause, while einen Teich is accusative.
Morgen werde ich im Garten graben.
Tomorrow I will dig in the garden.
morgen means tomorrow and im Garten means in the garden. Future uses werde plus the infinitive graben at the end; im Garten is dative because it describes a location.

her — here, towards here ​

her usually describes movement towards the speaker, while hin describes movement away from the speaker. It often appears after a verb in a short command, as in Komm her.
Komm schnell her!
Come here quickly!
Komm means come, and schnell means quickly. The imperative comes first, while her stands at the end to show movement towards the speaker.
Bring bitte den Schirm her.
Please bring the umbrella here.
Bring means bring, bitte means please, and der Schirm is an umbrella. den Schirm is accusative because bringen takes a direct object; her shows that the umbrella should come towards the speaker.

herein — in, inside; come in ​

Herein means into the place where the speaker is. Do not confuse it with hinein, which usually means into a place away from the speaker.
Herein!
Come in!
Herein means in or into this place. It is often used alone as a short invitation to enter, so there is no finite verb in this sentence.
Darf ich herein?
May I come in?
Darf ich means may I, and ich means I. Herein is an adverb of direction; the modal verb darf stands in position two, while the understood verb of movement is omitted.

hereinkommen — to come in ​

This is a separable movement verb: kommen changes to kommt or kam, while herein moves to the end in a main clause. It normally takes sein in the perfect because it describes movement into a place.
Der Hund kommt ins Haus herein.
The dog comes into the house.
Der Hund is the dog and ins Haus means into the house. The direction forces accusative after in, and the finite part kommt is in position two while herein goes to the end.
Meine Schwester ist schnell hereingekommen.
My sister came in quickly.
Meine Schwester is my sister and schnell means quickly. Movement uses sein, so ist is in position two and the Partizip II hereingekommen goes to the end.
Gestern kam ein fremder Mann herein.
Yesterday a strange man came in.
Gestern means yesterday, ein fremder Mann is a strange man, and fremd means strange or unfamiliar. The finite Präteritum kam is in position two; the prefix herein is separated and placed at the end.
Komm bitte herein!
Please come in!
Bitte means please. In the singular imperative, the verb is komm and the separable prefix herein follows it; the subject du is left out.
Ich würde gern hereinkommen, wenn es möglich wäre.
I would like to come in if that were possible.
würde gern means would like to, and wenn es möglich wäre means if it were possible. After würde, the infinitive hereinkommen stays together at the end of its clause.
Wir werden gleich hereinkommen.
We will come in shortly.
gleich means in a moment or shortly. In the future, werden is in position two and the complete infinitive hereinkommen goes to the end, so the prefix is not separated.

herkommen — to come here; to come from; to originate from ​

Herkommen can describe movement towards the speaker or listener. It can also ask about origin, especially in Woher kommst du?; do not confuse her with hin, which points away from the speaker.
Komm sofort her!
Come here immediately!
Sofort means immediately. This main-clause form is an urgent command-like statement: the finite verb komm is in position two and the prefix her is separated to the end.
Er ist gerade hergekommen.
He has just come here.
Gerade means just or a moment ago. The movement verb takes sein, with ist in position two and hergekommen at the end.
Sie kam gestern her.
She came here yesterday.
Gestern means yesterday. The Präteritum kam is the finite verb in position two, while her is separated and placed at the end.
Komm schnell her!
Come here quickly!
Schnell means quickly. The singular imperative uses komm without du, and the prefix her follows it.
Ich würde sofort herkommen, wenn du mich brauchst.
I would come here immediately if you needed me.
Sofort means immediately, and wenn du mich brauchst means if you need me. After würde, the complete infinitive herkommen stays together at the end of its clause.
Wir werden morgen herkommen.
We will come here tomorrow.
Morgen means tomorrow. The future auxiliary werden stands in position two, and the complete infinitive herkommen goes to the end.
Woher kommst du?
Where are you from?
Woher means from where, and du means you. The question asks about origin; kommst is in position two, while the separable prefix her is not repeated because woher already contains the same directional idea.
Sie kommt aus einer kleinen Stadt her.
She comes from a small town.
Aus einer kleinen Stadt means from a small town, and klein means small. Aus always takes the dative, and the prefix her is separated to the end in the main clause.

hierher — here, to here ​

Hierher describes movement towards the place where the speaker is. Do not confuse it with hier, which normally describes a fixed location; compare Komm hierher with Bleib hier.
Komm bitte hierher!
Please come here!
bitte means please. Hierher shows movement towards the speaker, while the imperative komm is the short command form of kommen; the exclamation mark expresses the command, not part of the adverb.
Stell den Stuhl hierher, neben das Fenster.
Put the chair here, next to the window.
der Stuhl means the chair, and neben das Fenster means next to the window. Hierher shows where the chair should be moved, and den Stuhl is accusative because stellen takes the thing being placed as its object; the imperative stell comes first.

hin — there, away, in that direction ​

Hin describes movement away from the speaker or towards a place already indicated. It often contrasts with her, which describes movement towards the speaker.
Geh hin und frag ihn.
Go over there and ask him.
geh means go, frag means ask, and ihn means him. Hin shows movement away from the speaker; geh is the imperative, and the second verb frag is also an imperative.
Wir fahren hin und kommen am Abend zurück.
We are going there and will come back in the evening.
fahren means travel or drive, am Abend means in the evening, and zurück means back. Hin marks movement towards a place away from the speaker, while zurück expresses the opposite direction; the finite verbs stand in position two in their clauses.

hinauf — up, upwards ​

Hinauf means upwards and away from the speaker. It is often used after a noun for the route, as in die Treppe hinauf, “up the stairs”; the opposite is hinunter.
Geh hinauf!
Go upstairs!
geh means go, and hinauf means upwards and away from the speaker. Geh is the imperative, and hinauf follows the verb because it is an adverb showing the direction of movement.
Wir laufen die Treppe hinauf.
We run up the stairs.
laufen means run or walk, and die Treppe means the stairs. Die Treppe is accusative because it describes the route of movement, while hinauf comes at the end and shows upward direction.

hinaufgehen — to go up, to go upstairs ​

Hinaufgehen describes movement upwards, often on stairs or towards a higher place. It is separable: in a main clause geht comes in position two and hinauf goes to the end; its perfect uses sein.
Ich gehe jeden Morgen die Treppe hinauf.
I go up the stairs every morning.
jeden Morgen means every morning, and die Treppe means the stairs. Die Treppe is accusative because it names the route, while the separable verb splits into gehe in position two and hinauf at the end.
Wir sind schnell hinaufgegangen.
We went upstairs quickly.
schnell means quickly, and wir means we. Hinaufgegangen pairs with sein because hinaufgehen expresses movement; sind is in position two and the Partizip II stands at the end.
Er ging allein zum Aussichtspunkt hinauf.
He went up to the viewpoint alone.
allein means alone, and der Aussichtspunkt is the viewpoint. The destination zum Aussichtspunkt uses dative after zu; ging is the irregular Präteritum form, and hinauf separates to the end.
Geh sofort hinauf!
Go upstairs immediately!
sofort means immediately. This is the singular imperative: geh comes first and the separable prefix hinauf goes to the end; the subject du is normally left out.
Wenn ich Zeit hätte, ginge ich mit dir hinauf.
If I had time, I would go up with you.
wenn means if, Zeit means time, and mit dir means with you. In the wenn clause the finite verb hätte goes to the end; in the main clause ginge is the Konjunktiv II form and hinauf separates to the end.
Morgen werde ich zum Turm hinaufgehen.
Tomorrow I will go up to the tower.
morgen means tomorrow, and der Turm means the tower. Zum Turm is dative after zu; werde stands in position two and the complete infinitive hinaufgehen goes to the end.

hingehen — to go there, to go to a place; to attend, to go to ​

Hingehen usually focuses on going somewhere rather than on the vehicle used. The destination is often introduced by zu plus dative, as in zu der Schule contracted to zur Schule.
Ich gehe heute zu Fuß zur Schule hin.
I am walking to school today.
heute means today, zu Fuß means on foot, and die Schule means school. The destination phrase zur Schule uses zu with the dative; gehe is in position two and hin goes to the end.
Wir sind gestern zu Fuß zum Bahnhof hingegangen.
We walked to the station yesterday.
gestern means yesterday, zu Fuß means on foot, and der Bahnhof means the station. Hingegangen pairs with sein because it expresses movement, and the Partizip II goes to the end.
Sie ging nach dem Essen zum Park hin.
She went to the park after the meal.
nach dem Essen means after the meal, and der Park means the park. Ging is the strong past form in position two, while hin is separated and placed at the end.
Geh bitte zum Arzt hin!
Please go to the doctor!
bitte means please, and der Arzt means the doctor. This is the informal singular imperative; geh begins the command and hin goes to the end.
Ich würde lieber zu Hause bleiben, als dorthin hingehen.
I would rather stay at home than go there.
lieber means rather, zu Hause bleiben means stay at home, and dorthin means there, towards that place. After als, the complete infinitive hingehen stays together at the end; it is not split in this infinitive construction.
Wir werden nach dem Unterricht zum Café hingehen.
We will go to the café after class.
nach dem Unterricht means after class, and das Café means the café. In the future, werden is in position two and the complete infinitive hingehen goes to the end.
Gehst du heute Abend zum Konzert hin?
Are you going to the concert tonight?
heute Abend means tonight, and das Konzert means the concert. In a yes-no question, gehst comes first; hin remains at the end, and zum Konzert is dative after zu.
Die Kinder gehen gern ins Schwimmbad hin.
The children like going to the swimming pool.
die Kinder means the children, gern means gladly or like to, and das Schwimmbad means the swimming pool. Ins Schwimmbad means into the swimming pool and uses the accusative because in expresses movement towards a destination; gehen is in position two and hin is at the end.

hinsetzen — to sit down; to put down; to place ​

The common form is reflexive: sich hinsetzen, “to sit down”. It is a separable verb, so hin stands at the end of a main clause but remains attached in hingesetzt and in a subordinate clause.
Ich setze mich kurz hin.
I am sitting down for a moment.
kurz means for a short time or briefly. mich is the accusative reflexive pronoun because the subject and object are the same person; the finite verb setze is in position two and hin moves to the end.
Wir haben uns nach dem Essen hingesetzt.
We sat down after the meal.
nach dem Essen means after the meal. uns is the reflexive pronoun, and hingesetzt is the Partizip II with haben; the auxiliary haben is in position two and the participle goes to the end.
Er setzte sich neben seine Schwester hin.
He sat down next to his sister.
neben seine Schwester means next to his sister. The phrase shows direction and therefore uses accusative after two-way neben; setzte is in position two and hin is separated to the end.
Setz dich bitte hin.
Please sit down.
bitte means please. dich is the accusative reflexive pronoun, and the informal singular imperative has setz at the front and hin at the end.
Ich würde mich gern hinsetzen.
I would like to sit down.
gern means gladly or would like to. mich is the accusative reflexive pronoun; in this conditional sentence, würde is the finite verb in position two and the complete infinitive hinsetzen goes to the end.
Nach der Pause werde ich mich hinsetzen.
After the break, I will sit down.
Nach der Pause means after the break. The prepositional phrase is a dative phrase after nach; werde is in position two and the complete infinitive hinsetzen goes to the end.
Stell die Flasche bitte hin.
Please put the bottle down.
die Flasche means the bottle, and bitte means please. die Flasche is accusative because hinstellen takes a direct object; in the imperative, stell comes first and hin goes to the end.
Sie hat die Kiste vor die Tür hingestellt.
She put the box in front of the door.
die Kiste means the box, and vor die Tür means in front of the door. The object is accusative, and vor die Tür is also accusative because it expresses movement to a place; hingestellt stays together at the end with hat.

hinstellen — to put down, to place; to stand somewhere deliberately ​

Hinstellen is used for placing an object, normally with an accusative object: etwas hinstellen. For a person sitting down, use sich hinsetzen, not sich hinstellen; the reflexive form sich hinstellen means to stand somewhere deliberately.
Er stellt die Tasche neben den Stuhl hin.
He puts the bag next to the chair.
die Tasche means the bag, and neben den Stuhl means next to the chair. die Tasche is accusative because it is the direct object, and neben den Stuhl is accusative because the placement expresses movement to a location; stellt is in position two and hin is at the end.
Ich habe die Blumen auf den Tisch hingestellt.
I put the flowers on the table.
die Blumen means the flowers, and auf den Tisch means onto the table. Both the direct object and the destination phrase are accusative; habe is in position two and hingestellt is the Partizip II at the end.
Sie stellte den Koffer vor die Tür hin.
She put the suitcase in front of the door.
den Koffer means the suitcase, and vor die Tür means in front of the door. The object is accusative, and the destination takes accusative after two-way vor; stellte is in position two and hin goes to the end.
Stell den Teller dort hin.
Put the plate there.
den Teller means the plate, and dort means there. den Teller is accusative because it is the object, while the informal imperative places stell first and the separable prefix hin at the end.
Ich würde die Lampe ans Fenster hinstellen.
I would put the lamp by the window.
die Lampe means the lamp, and ans Fenster means by or next to the window. The destination is accusative because it answers where the lamp would be placed; würde is in position two and the complete infinitive hinstellen goes to the end.
Morgen werde ich die Kartons in den Keller hinstellen.
Tomorrow I will put the boxes in the basement.
morgen means tomorrow, die Kartons means the boxes, and in den Keller means into the basement. The destination takes accusative because it expresses movement; werde is in position two and hinstellen goes to the end.
Er stellt sich vor die Tür hin.
He stands in front of the door.
vor die Tür means in front of the door. sich is reflexive, and the destination phrase uses accusative because he moves into that position; stellt is in position two and hin is separated to the end.
Bitte nicht vor den Eingang hinstellen!
Please do not stand in front of the entrance!
nicht means not, and der Eingang means the entrance. vor den Eingang is accusative because it describes moving into a position; the complete infinitive hinstellen remains together after bitte nicht.

hinunter — down; downwards ​

hinunter describes movement downwards or to a lower place. It is often placed after a noun phrase, as in die Treppe hinunter, and it contrasts with hinauf, meaning upwards.
Wir gehen hinunter zum Bahnhof.
We are going down to the station.
zum Bahnhof means to the station, and gehen means go or walk. hinunter is a directional adverb showing movement to a lower place; the finite verb gehen is in position two.
Der Ball rollt die Treppe hinunter.
The ball rolls down the stairs.
der Ball is the ball, rollt means rolls, and die Treppe is the stairs. hinunter describes downward movement, and the phrase die Treppe hinunter commonly uses the accusative for the route.

hinuntergehen — to go down; to walk down ​

This is a separable movement verb. In a main clause, gehen and hinunter split, but the infinitive hinuntergehen and Partizip II hinuntergegangen stay together.
Wir gehen nach dem Essen hinunter.
We go downstairs after the meal.
nach dem Essen means after the meal, and gehen means go or walk. gehen is in position two and the separable prefix hinunter goes to the end of the main clause.
Sie ist schnell hinuntergegangen.
She went down quickly.
schnell means quickly, and sie means she. The movement verb hinuntergegangen takes sein, not haben, and the Partizip II goes to the end of the clause.
Er ging allein hinunter.
He went down alone.
allein means alone, and er means he. ging is the strong simple past form in position two, while the prefix hinunter is separated and placed at the end.
Geh jetzt hinunter!
Go downstairs now!
jetzt means now, and geh means go. This is the informal singular imperative; the prefix hinunter stays separate and follows the verb.
Wenn es dunkel wäre, würde ich nicht allein hinuntergehen.
If it were dark, I would not go down alone.
wenn es dunkel wäre means if it were dark, and allein means alone. In the würde construction the infinitive hinuntergehen remains whole at the end of the main clause, unlike the split form in a normal main clause.
Wir werden morgen zum Fluss hinuntergehen.
We will go down to the river tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow, and zum Fluss means to the river. zum Fluss is a directional phrase, while werden is in position two and the whole infinitive hinuntergehen goes to the end.

holen — to fetch, to get, to pick up; to breathe in, to take a breath ​

holen normally takes an accusative object: etwas holen means to fetch something and jemanden holen means to go and get someone. It uses haben in the perfect, and it is not separable.
Ich hole das Paket morgen.
I will fetch the parcel tomorrow.
das Paket means the parcel, and morgen means tomorrow. das Paket is accusative because holen takes an accusative object, and the finite verb hole stands in position two.
Sie hat die Kinder geholt.
She picked up the children.
sie means she, and die Kinder means the children. The perfect uses hat plus geholt with haben because holen does not express a change of location by the subject; the participle goes to the end and the object is accusative.
Er holte schnell einen Stuhl.
He quickly fetched a chair.
schnell means quickly, and einen Stuhl means a chair. einen Stuhl is accusative because holen takes an accusative object, while the weak preterite holte is the finite verb in position two.
Hol bitte die Milch aus dem Kühlschrank!
Please get the milk from the fridge!
bitte means please, die Milch means the milk, aus means from, and der Kühlschrank means the fridge. Hol is the singular imperative and stands first; die Milch is accusative, while aus dem Kühlschrank uses the dative after aus.
Ich würde gern einen Kaffee holen.
I would like to get a coffee.
ich würde gern means I would like to, and einen Kaffee means a coffee. The construction würde ... holen puts the infinitive at the end, and einen Kaffee is accusative because holen takes an accusative object.
Wir werden später das Auto holen.
We will fetch the car later.
wir werden means we will, später means later, and das Auto means the car. In the future, the finite verb werden is in position two and the infinitive holen goes to the end; das Auto is accusative.
Sie musste tief holen.
She had to take a deep breath.
sie musste means she had to, and tief means deeply; Luft is understood in this expression. After the modal verb musste, the infinitive holen goes to the end, and the phrase tief Luft holen means to take a deep breath.
Nach dem Lauf holte er erst einmal Luft.
After the run, he first took a breath.
nach dem Lauf means after the run, erst einmal means first of all, and Luft means air or breath. The phrase Luft holen takes Luft as an accusative object; because the sentence begins with a time phrase, the finite verb holte still remains in position two.

kommen — to come; to arrive ​

Kommen normally takes sein in the perfect because it describes movement or arrival: ist gekommen. With a destination, use zu plus the dative, as in zu mir or zur Party.
Ich komme um acht Uhr.
I’m coming at eight o’clock.
um acht Uhr means at eight o’clock. The finite verb komme is in position two, and the subject ich is nominative; kommen has no object here.
Wir sind spät gekommen.
We arrived late.
wir means we and spät means late. The perfect uses sein because kommen expresses arrival or movement; the auxiliary is in position two and gekommen goes to the end.
Er kam gestern mit dem Zug.
He came by train yesterday.
gestern means yesterday and mit dem Zug means by train. Kam is the strong-verb past form, and mit takes the dative, shown by dem Zug.
Komm bitte sofort!
Please come immediately!
bitte means please and sofort means immediately. Komm is the informal singular imperative; the subject du is normally left out, and the verb stands first.
Ich käme gern mit, aber ich muss arbeiten.
I would be happy to come along, but I have to work.
gern means gladly, mitkommen means come along, and arbeiten means work. Käme is Konjunktiv II and expresses a willingness or hypothetical situation; aber joins two main clauses without moving the verb to the end.
Sie wird morgen kommen.
She will come tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow and wird means will here. Futur I uses werden in position two and the infinitive kommen at the end; do not use the Partizip II in this tense.

der Kurs — course, class; rate, quoted value ​

For a series of lessons, der Kurs usually means course or class. It is different from die Klasse, which can mean a school class.
Der Kurs beginnt heute.
The course starts today.
beginnt means starts and heute means today. Der Kurs is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beginnt is in position two.
Ich besuche den Kurs zweimal pro Woche.
I attend the course twice a week.
besuche means attend and zweimal pro Woche means twice a week. Den Kurs is accusative because besuchen takes a direct object; besuche is in position two.
Wir sprechen nach dem Kurs.
We talk after the course.
sprechen means talk and nach means after. Dem Kurs is dative because nach requires the dative; sprechen is in position two.
Die Dauer des Kurses beträgt zehn Wochen.
The course lasts ten weeks.
die Dauer means duration, beträgt means amounts to, and zehn Wochen means ten weeks. Des Kurses is genitive because it identifies the course; beträgt is in position two.
An unserer Schule gibt es drei Kurse.
There are three courses at our school.
unserer Schule means our school and gibt es means there is or there are. Kurse is the plural form after es gibt; the plural has -e and an umlaut, not -n.
Der Kurs des Euro steigt.
The euro exchange rate is rising.
des Euro means of the euro and steigt means rises. Der Kurs is nominative as the subject; des Euro is genitive, and steigt is in position two.
Der aktuelle Kurs liegt bei 1,10 Dollar.
The current rate is 1.10 dollars.
aktuelle means current, liegt bei means stands at, and Dollar means dollars. Der Kurs is nominative as the subject; liegt is in position two.

die Kurve — bend, curve; curve, graph line ​

For roads, die Kurve means a bend; for lines or diagrams, it means a curve. In die Kurve expresses movement into it, while in der Kurve expresses location in it.
Die Kurve ist sehr eng.
The bend is very sharp.
eng means tight or sharp, and sehr means very. Die Kurve is nominative as the subject; the adjective after ist has no ending.
Der Fahrer nimmt die Kurve langsam.
The driver takes the bend slowly.
der Fahrer means the driver, nimmt means takes, and langsam means slowly. Die Kurve is accusative because nehmen takes a direct object.
Wir nähern uns der Kurve.
We approach the bend.
nähern uns means approach and uns marks the reflexive verb. Der Kurve is dative because sich nähern requires a dative object.
Die Form der Kurve verändert sich.
The shape of the curve changes.
die Form means the shape and verändert sich means changes. Der Kurve is genitive to show which curve is meant; verändert is the finite verb in position two.
Die Kurven auf dieser Straße sind gefährlich.
The bends on this road are dangerous.
auf dieser Straße means on this road and gefährlich means dangerous. Kurven is the nominative plural subject; the plural adds -n.
Das Auto fährt um die Kurve.
The car drives around the bend.
das Auto means the car, fährt means drives, and um means around. Die Kurve is accusative because um always requires the accusative.
Auf dem Diagramm sieht man eine Kurve.
You can see a curve on the diagram.
das Diagramm means the diagram and sieht man means you can see. Dem Diagramm is dative because auf describes a location; eine Kurve is accusative as the object of sehen.
Die Kurve steigt am Ende stark an.
The curve rises sharply at the end.
steigt ... an means rises, am Ende means at the end, and stark means sharply. Die Kurve is nominative as the subject; the prefix an separates and goes to the end.
Wir zeichnen Kurven mit einem Lineal.
We draw curves with a ruler.
zeichnen means draw, mit means with, and einem Lineal means a ruler. Kurven is accusative plural as the object; einem Lineal is dative after mit.

langsam — slow; slowly ​

langsam describes low speed and can be used both before a noun and after sein. As an adverb, it has no ending; as an adjective before a noun, it takes an adjective ending.
Der Bus ist heute sehr langsam.
The bus is very slow today.
der Bus means the bus and heute means today. The adjective is predicative after ist, so it has no ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir nehmen den langsamen Zug.
We are taking the slow train.
nehmen means to take and der Zug means the train. den langsamen Zug is accusative because nehmen takes an accusative object, and the adjective has the ending -en after den.
Dieser Weg ist langsamer als der andere.
This route is slower than the other one.
dieser Weg means this route and der andere means the other one. langsamer compares two things and is followed by als; after ist, the adjective is predicative and has no case ending.
Der Zug fährt am langsamsten.
The train is travelling the slowest.
der Zug means the train and fährt means is travelling or drives. am langsamsten is the superlative used after a verb, and the finite verb fährt is in position two.

langsam — slowly; at a slow pace ​

As an adverb, langsam describes a verb and never takes an adjective ending. The same word can also be an adjective before a noun, as in ein langsamer Zug.
Bitte sprechen Sie langsam.
Please speak slowly.
bitte means please and sprechen means to speak. langsam is an adverb, so it does not take an adjective ending; sprechen Sie is a polite imperative with the verb before Sie.
Der alte Mann geht sehr langsam.
The old man walks very slowly.
der alte Mann means the old man and geht means walks. langsam describes how the action happens and therefore has no ending; the finite verb geht stands in position two.

laufen — to run; to walk ​

For movement, the perfect usually takes sein: ist gelaufen. For the separate meaning ‘to function’, German can use haben in some contexts, especially with an activity or event, so the auxiliary is marked both.
Er läuft jeden Morgen im Park.
He runs in the park every morning.
jeden Morgen means every morning and Park means park. The finite verb läuft is in position two; im Park is a dative location phrase after in.
Wir sind gestern nach Hause gelaufen.
We walked home yesterday.
gestern means yesterday and nach Hause means home. Movement uses sein, so sind is in position two and gelaufen goes to the end; nach Hause expresses direction without an article.
Sie lief schnell zum Bus.
She ran quickly to the bus.
schnell means quickly and zum Bus means to the bus. lief is the strong-verb past form, and zum Bus is dative after zu; the finite verb is in position two.
Lauf nicht so schnell!
Don't run so fast!
nicht so schnell means not so fast. Lauf is the du imperative and comes first; the negative word nicht follows the verb.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, liefe ich jeden Tag.
If I had more time, I would run every day.
wenn means if, mehr Zeit means more time, and jeden Tag means every day. liefe is the Konjunktiv II of laufen; the finite verb goes to the end after wenn, while the main clause has liefe in position two.
Morgen wird sie zehn Kilometer laufen.
Tomorrow she will run ten kilometres.
morgen means tomorrow and zehn Kilometer means ten kilometres. wird is in position two and the infinitive laufen goes to the end; the distance is an accusative measure phrase.
Die Maschine läuft wieder.
The machine is working again.
Maschine means machine and wieder means again. Here laufen means function or operate, not move on foot; the finite verb läuft is in position two.

legen — to put, to lay ​

Legen means to put or lay something down, usually in a horizontal position, and it takes an accusative object: etwas legen. Do not confuse it with liegen, which means to be lying; legen describes an action and forms its perfect with haben.
Ich lege das Buch auf den Tisch.
I put the book on the table.
das Buch means the book and auf den Tisch means onto the table. Das Buch is accusative because legen takes an accusative object, and auf takes the accusative here because the book moves onto the table; the finite verb lege is in position two.
Sie hat den Schlüssel neben die Tür gelegt.
She put the key next to the door.
der Schlüssel means the key and neben die Tür means next to the door. Den Schlüssel is accusative after legen, and neben takes the accusative because this expresses movement to a place; hat is in position two and gelegt goes to the end.
Er legte die Decke auf das Sofa.
He laid the blanket on the sofa.
die Decke means the blanket and das Sofa means the sofa. Die Decke is accusative because it is the object of legte, while auf das Sofa is accusative because the blanket is moved there; the weak preterite form legte stands in position two.
Leg das Handy auf den Tisch!
Put the mobile phone on the table!
das Handy means the mobile phone and auf den Tisch means onto the table. Leg is the du imperative, and das Handy is accusative because legen takes an accusative object; auf is accusative because the command expresses movement.
Ich würde das Geld nicht auf den Tisch legen.
I would not put the money on the table.
das Geld means the money and nicht means not. Würde ... legen expresses a hypothetical action; das Geld is accusative after legen, and the infinitive legen goes to the end of the clause.
Wir werden die Karten neben die Lampe legen.
We will put the cards next to the lamp.
die Karten means the cards and neben die Lampe means next to the lamp. Werden is in position two and the infinitive legen goes to the end in the future; die Karten is accusative, and neben is accusative because the cards are moved there.

der Lift — lift, elevator; ski lift; ski lift ​

In Germany, der Lift usually means an elevator; in Austria and Switzerland it can also mean a ski lift. The alternative everyday word for an elevator is der Aufzug.
Der Lift ist kaputt.
The lift is broken.
kaputt means broken or out of order. Der Lift is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich nehme den Lift.
I am taking the lift.
ich nehme means I take, and nehmen means to take. den Lift is accusative because it is the direct object of nehme; the finite verb is in position two.
Wir fahren mit dem Lift nach oben.
We are going up in the lift.
wir fahren means we go or travel, and nach oben means upwards. dem Lift is dative because mit always takes dative; nach oben shows the direction.
Die Tür des Lifts ist offen.
The lift’s door is open.
die Tür is the door and offen means open. des Lifts is genitive because it shows whose door it is; der Lift has masculine genitive article des and commonly takes -s here.
In unserem Haus gibt es zwei Lifte.
There are two lifts in our building.
unserem Haus means our building or house, gibt es means there is or there are, and zwei means two. Lifte is the plural after zwei; in es gibt, the thing that exists is accusative, although the plural article is not visible.
Der Skifahrer fährt mit dem Lift nach oben.
The skier rides the lift up.
der Skifahrer is the skier and nach oben means upwards. dem Lift is dative after mit, and the verb phrase fährt ... nach oben describes travelling upwards.
Der Lift bringt uns auf den Berg.
The lift takes us up the mountain.
bringt means takes or brings, uns means us, and der Berg is the mountain. Der Lift is nominative as the subject, while uns is accusative as the direct object of bringt.
For the opposite direction, use rechts. Before a noun, link takes endings such as linke and linken.
Die Tür ist link.
The door is on the left.
die Tür means the door. link is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Nimm die linke Hand.
Use your left hand.
nehmen means to take or use, and die Hand means the hand. linke stands before the feminine accusative noun Hand and takes -e after die.
Die linke Tasche ist kleiner als die rechte.
The left bag is smaller than the right one.
die Tasche means the bag, kleiner means smaller, and rechte means right one. linke is attributive before the feminine noun and takes -e after die; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Die linke Spur ist am schmalsten.
The left lane is the narrowest.
die Spur means the lane and schmalsten means narrowest. linke is attributive before the feminine noun and takes -e after die; am schmalsten is a predicative superlative.
As an adverb, link gives a direction or position and does not take an ending. links is also common, especially for a fixed position.
Bieg an der Kreuzung link ab.
Turn left at the crossroads.
abbiegen means to turn and die Kreuzung means the crossroads. an der Kreuzung is dative because it gives a location; the separable imperative is bieg ... ab, while link gives the direction.
Der Supermarkt ist link neben der Bank.
The supermarket is on the left next to the bank.
der Supermarkt means the supermarket, neben means next to, and die Bank means the bank. link is used adverbially without an ending; der Bank is dative after neben for a fixed location.
links is the common adverb for a position or direction on the left. Do not confuse it with link before a noun, as in die linke Hand.
Die Apotheke liegt links von der Post.
The pharmacy is to the left of the post office.
die Apotheke means the pharmacy and die Post means the post office. von der Post uses dative after von; links von means to the left of, and liegt stands in position two.
Stell dich links neben mich.
Stand to the left next to me.
sich stellen means to position oneself and neben mich means next to me. The imperative stell leaves out du; dich is accusative with the reflexive verb, and neben takes accusative because it expresses a change of position.

mitkommen — to come along; to accompany, to join someone ​

Mitkommen is often used as an invitation or request, especially in the imperative komm mit. It is separable in main clauses and forms the perfect with sein: ist mitgekommen.
Komm bitte mit!
Please come along!
Bitte means please. In this common invitation, the imperative komm and the prefix mit are separated; the base verb is mitkommen.
Bist du gestern zum Essen mitgekommen?
Did you come along for the meal yesterday?
Gestern means yesterday, zum Essen means for the meal, and bist du ... mitgekommen means did you come along. The perfect uses sein because this is movement, with bist near the beginning and mitgekommen at the end.
Paul kam nicht mit.
Paul did not come along.
Nicht means not. The irregular past form kam is separated from mit, which goes at the end of the main clause.
Komm heute Abend mit!
Come along this evening!
Heute Abend means this evening. The informal imperative is komm, and the prefix mit goes at the end.
Ich würde gern zum Konzert mitkommen.
I would like to come along to the concert.
Gern means gladly or would like to, and zum Konzert means to the concert. After würde, the infinitive mitkommen stays together at the end; zum is short for zu dem, with dative.
Wirst du morgen zum Arzt mitkommen?
Will you come along to the doctor tomorrow?
Morgen means tomorrow, and zum Arzt means to the doctor. Wirst stands in position two and the infinitive mitkommen goes to the end; zu requires the dative in zum Arzt.
Meine Mutter kommt zum Arzt mit.
My mother is coming along to the doctor.
Meine Mutter means my mother, and zum Arzt means to the doctor. The destination follows zu in the dative, and the verb splits as kommt ... mit in the main clause.
Wer kommt auf die Reise mit?
Who is coming along on the trip?
Wer means who, and die Reise is the trip. Auf die Reise means on the trip and uses accusative here for the event or destination; kommt ... mit is the separated verb.

mitnehmen — to take along, to bring with you ​

mitnehmen is separable and strong: its stem changes from nehm- to nimm- in the third-person singular and imperative. The person or thing taken along is normally an accusative object.
Sie nimmt ihren Regenschirm mit.
She is taking her umbrella with her.
der Regenschirm means the umbrella, and ihren means her. ihren Regenschirm is accusative because mitnehmen takes the thing being taken as an object; nimmt is in position two and mit goes to the end.
Ich habe meinen Pass mitgenommen.
I took my passport with me.
der Pass means passport, and meinen means my. The perfect uses haben and the Partizip II mitgenommen at the end; meinen Pass is accusative because it is the object.
Er nahm seine Tochter zum Arzt mit.
He took his daughter to the doctor.
seine Tochter means his daughter, and der Arzt means the doctor. seine Tochter is accusative as the object, while zu takes the dative in zum Arzt; nahm is in position two and mit is final.
Nimm eine Jacke mit!
Take a jacket with you!
eine Jacke means a jacket. This is the du imperative nimm; the object is accusative and the prefix mit follows the object at the end.
Ich würde gern meinen Bruder mitnehmen.
I would like to take my brother along.
gern means gladly or would like to, and mein Bruder means my brother. würde plus mitnehmen expresses a wish; the infinitive is kept together at the end and meinen Bruder is accusative.
Morgen nimmt sie ihre Freundin zum Konzert mit.
Tomorrow she will take her friend to the concert.
morgen means tomorrow, ihre Freundin means her female friend, and das Konzert is the concert. The present tense can express a planned future; nimmt stands in position two, ihre Freundin is accusative, and mit is separated.

oben — upstairs, up there, at the top ​

Oben describes a higher position or the top of something. The opposite is unten, meaning “downstairs” or “down there”; unlike a preposition, oben does not govern a case.
Das Buch liegt oben.
The book is upstairs / up there.
das Buch means “the book” and liegt means “is lying”. Oben is a place adverb and does not take an ending; the finite verb liegt is in position two.
Die Kinder spielen oben im Zimmer.
The children are playing upstairs in the room.
die Kinder means “the children”, spielen means “are playing”, and im Zimmer means “in the room”. Oben describes the location and is separate from im Zimmer; the finite verb spielen remains in position two.

passieren — to happen, to occur; to pass, to cross ​

passieren takes sein in the perfect: ist passiert. It normally has no direct object; for “What happened?”, use Was ist passiert?, not a literal translation with machen.
Was passiert hier?
What is happening here?
was means what, and hier means here. This is a question, so the finite verb passiert stands directly after the question word; passieren has no direct object here.
Zum Glück ist nichts passiert.
Luckily, nothing happened.
zum Glück means luckily, and nichts means nothing. ist is the auxiliary because passieren takes sein in the perfect; passiert goes to the end, and nichts is the subject in the nominative.
Gestern passierte ein Unfall.
An accident happened yesterday.
gestern means yesterday, and ein Unfall means an accident. Because the time expression occupies position one, the finite verb passierte comes next and the subject follows it.
Passier bitte vorsichtig die Straße!
Please cross the street carefully!
bitte means please, vorsichtig means carefully, and die Straße means the street. Here passieren means cross or go through; die Straße is accusative as its object, and the imperative stands first.
Es passierte, als niemand hinsah.
It happened when nobody was looking.
als means when, niemand means nobody, and hinsah means was looking. The subordinate clause puts its finite verb hinsah at the end; the requested hypothetical form is identical in appearance to the simple past here, so context supplies the meaning.
Morgen wird bestimmt nichts passieren.
Nothing will happen tomorrow, for sure.
morgen means tomorrow, and bestimmt means certainly or for sure. wird is in position two and the infinitive passieren goes to the end; nichts is the nominative subject.
Die Fußgänger passieren die Grenze.
The pedestrians cross the border.
die Fußgänger are the pedestrians, and die Grenze is the border. die Grenze is accusative because this sense of passieren takes a direct object; the finite verb passieren is in position two.
Der Zug passiert den Bahnhof ohne Halt.
The train passes the station without stopping.
der Zug means the train, der Bahnhof means the station, and ohne Halt means without stopping. den Bahnhof is accusative because it is the object passed by the train; ohne also takes accusative here.

rechts — right; on the right ​

Rechts is an adverb of position or direction and is the opposite of links. It is different from the adjective recht, which can mean right, correct, or fair.
Die Apotheke ist rechts.
The pharmacy is on the right.
die Apotheke means the pharmacy. Rechts is an adverb showing location and does not take an adjective ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Biegen Sie rechts ab.
Turn right.
biegen Sie ab means turn, and ab is the separated part of the verb abbiegen. Rechts gives the direction; in the formal imperative, Biegen Sie comes first and the separable prefix ab goes to the end.

rennen — to run; to race, to run in a competition ​

Rennen can describe ordinary running or running somewhere. It usually takes sein in the perfect when movement is meant, but haben is also possible when the activity itself is the focus, as in Ich habe eine Stunde gerannt in some regional usage; standard learners should usually use Ich bin eine Stunde gerannt.
Ich renne jeden Morgen im Park.
I run in the park every morning.
jeden Morgen means every morning and im Park means in the park. The finite verb renne is in position two; im Park is dative because in describes a location here, not a direction.
Wir sind zum Bus gerannt.
We ran to the bus.
zum Bus means to the bus, and gerannt means run. Zum is zu dem and takes the dative; sein forms the perfect because the verb expresses movement, and gerannt goes to the end.
Das Kind rannte schnell nach draußen.
The child ran quickly outside.
das Kind means the child, schnell means quickly, and draußen means outside. Rannte is the simple past form and stands in position two; nach draußen expresses movement to the outside.
Renn nicht so schnell!
Don’t run so fast!
nicht means not and so schnell means so fast. Renn is the du imperative without a pronoun, and nicht comes after the verb here to negate the command.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, würde ich rennen.
If I had more time, I would run.
wenn means if, mehr Zeit means more time, and hätte means had. The wenn clause sends its finite verb hätte to the end, while würde ich rennen expresses the hypothetical result.
Morgen werde ich rennen, wenn das Wetter gut ist.
Tomorrow I will run if the weather is good.
morgen means tomorrow, das Wetter means the weather, and gut means good. Werde is in position two and rennen goes to the end as the infinitive; the wenn clause also puts ist at the end.
Die Kinder rennen um die Wette.
The children are racing each other.
die Kinder means the children and um die Wette means in a race or against each other. Rennen is in position two, and um die Wette is a fixed expression, not a normal directional phrase.
Sie ist beim Marathon drei Stunden gerannt.
She ran for three hours in the marathon.
beim Marathon means in the marathon and drei Stunden means three hours. Gerannt is at the end with the auxiliary ist because this is a completed running activity involving movement; drei Stunden expresses duration without a preposition.