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Vocab: Money — B1 (2) ​

Money vocabulary at B1 level.

Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural

die Nachnahme — cash on delivery ​

Nachnahme is a postal payment method: the recipient pays when the parcel is delivered. It is often used with per in the expression per Nachnahme; this is different from paying online or in advance.
Die Nachnahme kostet drei Euro extra.
Cash on delivery costs three euros extra.
extra means additionally or extra. kostet means costs, and drei Euro means three euros; the noun Euro has the same form after this number. Die Nachnahme is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb stands in position two.
Ich wähle die Nachnahme als Zahlungsart.
I choose cash on delivery as the payment method.
wähle means choose, als means as, and Zahlungsart means payment method. Die Nachnahme is accusative because wählen takes a direct object; its feminine article looks the same in the nominative and accusative.
Der Paketbote erklärt mir die Nachnahme.
The parcel delivery person explains cash on delivery to me.
Paketbote means parcel delivery person, erklärt means explains, and mir means to me. Mir is dative for the person receiving the explanation, while die Nachnahme is accusative as the thing explained; the finite verb remains in position two.
Die Kosten der Nachnahme stehen auf dem Formular.
The costs of cash on delivery are on the form.
Kosten means costs, stehen auf means are written on, and Formular means form. Der Nachnahme is genitive because it identifies whose costs they are; auf dem Formular is dative because it describes a fixed location.
Viele Händler bieten Nachnahmen nicht mehr an.
Many retailers no longer offer cash on delivery.
Viele Händler means many retailers, bieten ... an means offer, and nicht mehr means no longer. Nachnahmen is plural and has the ending -n; the separable verb has bieten in position two and an at the end.
Ich bezahle das Paket per Nachnahme.
I pay for the parcel by cash on delivery.
bezahle means pay, Paket means parcel, and per means by means of. The fixed expression per Nachnahme normally has no article, and the finite verb bezahle stands in position two.

die Nebenkosten — additional costs, running costs ​

Nebenkosten is used only in the plural and most often refers to extra housing costs, for example heating or water. In rental agreements, it is often contrasted with die Miete, the rent.
Die Nebenkosten sind in diesem Monat höher.
The additional costs are higher this month.
in diesem Monat means this month, and höher means higher. Nebenkosten is nominative because it is the subject, and the plural verb sind agrees with it; the noun is used only in the plural.
Wir mĂĽssen die Nebenkosten pĂĽnktlich bezahlen.
We have to pay the additional costs on time.
mĂĽssen means have to, pĂĽnktlich means on time, and bezahlen means pay. Die Nebenkosten is accusative because bezahlen takes an accusative object; the modal verb mĂĽssen is in position two and the infinitive goes to the end.
Der Vermieter erklärt uns die Nebenkosten.
The landlord explains the additional costs to us.
Der Vermieter means the landlord, erklärt means explains, and uns means to us. Uns is dative as the recipient, while die Nebenkosten is accusative as what is explained; the finite verb erklärt stands in position two.
Wegen der Nebenkosten ist die Wohnung teurer.
Because of the additional costs, the flat is more expensive.
wegen means because of, die Wohnung means the flat, and teurer means more expensive. Wegen normally governs the genitive, so der Nebenkosten is genitive plural; the finite verb ist remains in position two after the opening phrase.
Die Nebenkosten werden jedes Jahr neu berechnet.
The additional costs are recalculated every year.
jedes Jahr means every year, neu means anew, and berechnet means calculated. Nebenkosten is the plural subject, so it takes werden; the passive participle berechnet stands at the end of the clause.

der Nettopreis — net price, price before tax ​

A Nettopreis does not include value-added tax, while a Bruttopreis normally includes it. This word is common in invoices, offers and business transactions.
Der Nettopreis steht in der Anzeige.
The net price is shown in the advertisement.
stehen means to be written or shown, and die Anzeige is the advertisement. Der Nettopreis is the nominative subject; the finite verb steht is in position two.
Bitte prĂĽfen Sie den Nettopreis genau.
Please check the net price carefully.
prĂĽfen means to check and genau means carefully or exactly. Den Nettopreis is accusative because prĂĽfen takes a direct object; Sie is the formal imperative subject.
Der Händler erklärt dem Kunden den Nettopreis.
The retailer explains the net price to the customer.
der Händler is the retailer, erklären means to explain, and der Kunde is the customer. Dem Kunden is dative as the person receiving the explanation, while den Nettopreis is the accusative thing explained.
Die Höhe des Nettopreises hängt vom Produkt ab.
The amount of the net price depends on the product.
die Höhe is the amount, abhängen von means to depend on, and das Produkt is the product. Des Nettopreises is genitive after die Höhe to show what amount is meant; hängt ... ab is a separable verb in the main clause.
Nettopreise sind für Geschäftskunden wichtig.
Net prices are important for business customers.
wichtig means important and der Geschäftskunde is the business customer. Nettopreise is a plural subject without an article; für takes the accusative in für Geschäftskunden.

der Nettoverdienst — net income, take-home pay ​

A Nettoverdienst is what remains after tax and other deductions; the corresponding amount before deductions is the Bruttoverdienst. It usually refers to money earned from employment, often per month.
Der Nettoverdienst reicht fĂĽr die Miete.
The net income is enough for the rent.
reichen fĂĽr means to be enough for, and die Miete is the rent. Der Nettoverdienst is the nominative subject; fĂĽr takes the accusative in fĂĽr die Miete.
Viele Menschen vergleichen den Nettoverdienst.
Many people compare the net income.
viele Menschen means many people, and vergleichen means to compare. Den Nettoverdienst is accusative because it is the direct object of vergleichen; the plural subject comes first.
Die Firma zahlt den Angestellten den Nettoverdienst jeden Monat aus.
The company pays the employees their net income every month.
die Firma is the company, der Angestellte is the employee, and jeden Monat means every month. Den Angestellten is dative as the recipients, while den Nettoverdienst is accusative; zahlt ... aus is separable and places aus at the end.
Die Höhe des Nettoverdienstes hängt von der Arbeitszeit ab.
The amount of the net income depends on the working hours.
die Höhe is the amount, abhängen von means to depend on, and die Arbeitszeit is the working time or hours. Des Nettoverdienstes is genitive after die Höhe; von takes the dative in von der Arbeitszeit, and hängt ... ab is separable.
Nettoverdienste unterscheiden sich je nach Beruf.
Net incomes differ depending on the profession.
sich unterscheiden means to differ, je nach means depending on, and der Beruf is the profession. Nettoverdienste is a plural subject without an article; je nach usually takes the dative, although the article is omitted here.

das Onlinebanking — online banking ​

Onlinebanking is normally a mass noun, so it has no plural and is used with das. The genitive is des Onlinebankings, with -s; the spelling is also commonly written Online-Banking.
Onlinebanking ist heute sehr praktisch.
Online banking is very practical today.
heute means today and sehr praktisch means very practical. Onlinebanking is nominative because it is the subject; as a mass noun, it normally has no plural, and ist stands in position two.
Viele Menschen nutzen Onlinebanking.
Many people use online banking.
viele Menschen means many people and nutzen means use. Onlinebanking is accusative because nutzen takes a direct object; the neuter noun has no visible accusative ending.
Mit Onlinebanking bezahle ich Rechnungen.
I pay bills using online banking.
mit means with, bezahle means pay, and Rechnungen means bills. Onlinebanking is dative because mit always takes the dative; the phrase Mit Onlinebanking occupies position one, so bezahle comes immediately after it.
Die Sicherheit des Onlinebankings ist wichtig.
The security of online banking is important.
die Sicherheit means the security and wichtig means important. des Onlinebankings is genitive because it identifies what kind of security is meant; the mass noun takes -s in the genitive, and ist is in position two.
FĂĽr Onlinebanking braucht man ein Passwort.
You need a password for online banking.
fĂĽr means for, braucht man means one needs, and ein Passwort means a password. Onlinebanking is a mass noun and has no plural; fĂĽr takes the accusative, while the impersonal subject man and the finite verb braucht form the main clause.

pauschal — flat-rate; blanket; general ​

Pauschal often describes a fixed price or amount, but it can also describe a general statement that ignores individual details. It is not the same as kostenlos, which means free of charge.
Der Preis ist pauschal.
The price is a flat rate.
der Preis means price and ist means is. Pauschal is predicative after sein, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Wir zahlen eine pauschale GebĂĽhr.
We pay a flat fee.
zahlen means pay and die GebĂĽhr means fee. Pauschale stands before the feminine accusative noun GebĂĽhr and takes -e after eine; the object is accusative because zahlen takes what is paid.
Dieser Preis ist pauschaler als der andere.
This price is more of a flat rate than the other one.
dieser Preis means this price and der andere means the other one. Pauschaler is the comparative and als introduces the thing it is compared with; after sein, the adjective is predicative and has no case ending.
Das ist am pauschalsten berechnet.
That is calculated in the most flat-rate way.
berechnet means calculated and das means that or it. Am pauschalsten is the predicative superlative, formed with am plus -sten; it does not take an adjective ending before a noun.

die Pension — pension; guesthouse; guesthouse; boarding house ​

In this financial sense, die Pension is regular money received after retirement. In Austria, in Pension gehen is a common way to say retire; in Germany, in den Ruhestand gehen is also frequent.
Die Pension reicht fĂĽr ein ruhiges Leben.
The pension is enough for a quiet life.
reichen means to be enough and ruhig means quiet or peaceful. Die Pension is nominative because it is the subject, and fĂĽr ein ruhiges Leben is an accusative phrase after fĂĽr; reicht is in position two.
Viele Menschen brauchen die Pension im Alter.
Many people need the pension in old age.
viele Menschen means many people, brauchen means need, and im Alter means in old age. Die Pension is accusative because brauchen takes a direct object; the form is identical to the nominative feminine form, and brauchen is in position two.
Mit der Pension kann er seine Miete bezahlen.
With the pension, he can pay his rent.
mit means with, können means can, seine Miete means his rent, and bezahlen means pay. Der Pension is dative because mit always takes the dative; the modal verb kann is in position two and bezahlen goes to the end.
Die Höhe der Pension hängt vom Einkommen ab.
The amount of the pension depends on the income.
die Höhe means the amount, abhängen von means to depend on, and das Einkommen means income. Der Pension is genitive because it specifies the amount, while vom Einkommen is dative after von; the separable verb hängt ... ab puts ab at the end.
In Europa gibt es unterschiedliche Pensionen.
There are different pension systems in Europe.
Europa means Europe and unterschiedlich means different. Unterschiedliche Pensionen is plural after es gibt, which always takes the accusative; gibt is in position two and es is the formal subject.
Wir ĂĽbernachten in einer gemĂĽtlichen Pension.
We are staying overnight in a cosy guesthouse.
ĂĽbernachten means to stay overnight and gemĂĽtlich means cosy. In einer Pension is dative because in describes a location here, not movement into it; ĂĽbernachten is in position two.
Die Pension liegt nahe am Bahnhof.
The guesthouse is near the railway station.
liegen means to be situated, nahe means near, and der Bahnhof means railway station. Die Pension is nominative because it is the subject; liegt is in position two, and am Bahnhof is a dative phrase meaning at the station.

der Pfennig — pfennig, former German penny ​

Pfennig refers to the currency unit used before the euro, so it is mainly historical today. In the idiom keinen Pfennig haben, it means not to have any money at all.
Der Pfennig war frĂĽher eine kleine MĂĽnze.
The pfennig used to be a small coin.
frĂĽher means formerly or in the past, and kleine MĂĽnze means small coin. Der Pfennig is nominative because it is the subject; war is the past form of sein and stands in position two.
Viele Menschen sammelten den Pfennig.
Many people collected the pfennig.
viele Menschen means many people, and sammelten means collected. Den Pfennig is accusative because sammeln takes a direct object; the masculine article changes to den, and the preterite verb is in position two.
Man gab dem Pfennig frĂĽher mehr Wert.
People used to give the pfennig more value.
man means people or one, gab means gave, and mehr Wert means more value. Dem Pfennig is dative because it is the recipient with geben, while mehr Wert is the accusative thing given.
Der Wert des Pfennigs war sehr gering.
The value of the pfennig was very low.
der Wert means the value, and gering means low or small. Des Pfennigs is genitive because it identifies whose value is meant; the masculine noun adds -s, and war is in position two.
Die alten Pfennige liegen noch in einer Schublade.
The old pfennigs are still in a drawer.
alt means old, noch means still, and die Schublade means drawer. Pfennige is the plural subject, while in einer Schublade is dative because it describes a fixed location; liegen agrees with the plural.

portofrei — postage-free, with postage included ​

Portofrei is mostly used for deliveries, letters or orders whose postage is paid by the sender or seller. It is the opposite of portopflichtig, meaning subject to postage charges.
Die Lieferung ist portofrei.
The delivery is postage-free.
die Lieferung means the delivery, and ist means is. Portofrei is predicative, so it has no adjective ending; it comes after the linking verb ist.
Wir wählen die portofreie Lieferung.
We choose the postage-free delivery.
wählen means choose, and die Lieferung means the delivery. Portofreie stands before the feminine accusative noun and takes -e after the definite article die; the whole noun phrase is the object of wählen.
Dieser Versand ist portofreier als der andere.
This shipping option has less postage than the other one.
dieser Versand means this shipping option, and der andere means the other one. Portofreier compares two options and is followed by als; because it is predicative after ist, it has no adjective ending.
Von allen Angeboten ist dieses am portofreiesten.
Of all the offers, this one is the most postage-free.
von allen Angeboten means of all the offers, and dieses means this one. The predicative superlative uses am portofreiesten; it does not take an ending because it is not directly before a noun.

die Portokosten — postage costs, shipping costs ​

Portokosten is a plural-only compound meaning the costs of postage; Porto is postage and Kosten are costs. German normally uses the plural even when referring to one total charge.
Die Portokosten sind im Preis enthalten.
The postage costs are included in the price.
im Preis enthalten means included in the price. Die Portokosten is a plural-only noun and is nominative because it is the subject; the plural verb sind agrees with it.
Der Händler übernimmt die Portokosten.
The seller covers the postage costs.
der Händler means the seller or dealer, and übernimmt means covers or takes responsibility for. Die Portokosten is accusative because übernehmen takes a direct object, while übernimmt is in position two.
Wir helfen dem Kunden bei den Portokosten.
We help the customer with the postage costs.
helfen means help, dem Kunden means the customer, and bei means with or regarding. Den Portokosten is dative because bei requires the dative; the plural article den is a useful clue.
Die Höhe der Portokosten hängt vom Gewicht ab.
The amount of the postage costs depends on the weight.
die Höhe means the amount, hängt ... ab means depends on, and das Gewicht means the weight. Der Portokosten is genitive because it specifies the amount of what; the separable verb abhängen splits in the main clause.
Portokosten fallen bei dieser Bestellung nicht an.
No postage costs arise for this order.
bei dieser Bestellung means for this order, and fallen ... an means arise or are charged. Portokosten has the same form without an article in this general statement; the separable verb anfallen places an at the end of the main clause.

die Postanweisung — postal money order ​

die Postanweisung is a formal way to send money through the postal service. It is less common today than electronic transfers, but learners may still see it in official or older texts.
Die Postanweisung ist bereits angekommen.
The postal money order has already arrived.
bereits means already and angekommen means arrived. die Postanweisung is the nominative subject; ist angekommen is the perfect of movement or arrival, with sein and the participle at the end.
Ich fülle die Postanweisung sorgfältig aus.
I fill in the postal money order carefully.
fülle ... aus means fill in, and sorgfältig means carefully. die Postanweisung is accusative because ausfüllen takes a direct object; the separable prefix aus moves to the end of this main clause.
Der Kunde schickt der Postanweisung eine Kopie bei.
The customer encloses a copy with the postal money order.
der Kunde is the customer, eine Kopie is a copy, and schickt ... bei means encloses. der Postanweisung is dative after beilegen in the sense of enclosing something with something; the separable prefix bei stands at the end.
Die Nummer der Postanweisung steht auf dem Beleg.
The number of the postal money order is on the receipt.
die Nummer means the number, steht means is written or stands, and der Beleg is the receipt. der Postanweisung is genitive because it identifies which number it is; auf dem Beleg is dative because the number has a fixed location.
Postanweisungen werden heute nur noch selten benutzt.
Postal money orders are now used only rarely.
heute means today, nur noch means only nowadays or still only, selten means rarely, and benutzt means used. Postanweisungen is plural nominative as the subject of the passive; werden ... benutzt puts the participle at the end.

der Preisnachlass — discount; price reduction ​

der Preisnachlass is a compound of der Preis and der Nachlass and means a discount. It is usually used for a reduction offered by a shop or seller.
Der Preisnachlass beträgt zehn Prozent.
The discount is ten percent.
beträgt means amounts to, and zehn Prozent means ten percent. Der Preisnachlass is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beträgt stands in position two.
Der Laden gibt mir einen Preisnachlass.
The shop gives me a discount.
der Laden means the shop, and gibt means gives. einen Preisnachlass is accusative as the thing given, while mir is dative as the recipient; gibt is in position two.
Der Verkäufer bietet mir einen Preisnachlass an.
The salesperson offers me a discount.
der Verkäufer means the salesperson, and bietet ... an means offers. mir is dative for the recipient and einen Preisnachlass is accusative for the thing offered; the separable verb splits in the main clause.
Die Höhe des Preisnachlasses steht auf dem Schild.
The amount of the discount is written on the sign.
die Höhe means the amount, steht means is written or stands, and das Schild means the sign. des Preisnachlasses is genitive because it identifies the amount belonging to the discount; auf dem Schild is dative because it describes location.
Viele Preisnachlässe gelten nur heute.
Many discounts are valid only today.
viele means many, gelten means are valid, and nur heute means only today. Preisnachlässe is plural after viele and is the subject, so the verb is also plural.

der Profit — profit; benefit; advantage ​

Profit is mainly used for business money earned after costs. The common opposite is Verlust, a loss; the phrase Profit machen means to make a profit.
Der Profit des Unternehmens steigt.
The company's profit is increasing.
das Unternehmen is the company, and steigt means rises or increases. Der Profit is nominative because it is the subject; des Unternehmens is genitive because it shows which company's profit it is.
Die Firma macht einen Profit.
The company makes a profit.
die Firma is the company, and macht einen Profit means makes a profit. Einen Profit is accusative because machen takes it as its direct object; the finite verb macht stands in position two.
Die Aktionäre profitieren von dem Profit.
The shareholders benefit from the profit.
die Aktionäre are the shareholders, and profitieren means benefit. The preposition von forces the dative, so dem Profit is dative; the finite verb profitieren stands in position two.
Die Höhe des Profits überrascht die Mitarbeiter.
The size of the profit surprises the employees.
die Höhe is the size or amount, and überrascht means surprises. Des Profits is genitive because it specifies the amount of what; die Mitarbeiter is accusative because they are the people surprised.
Die Profite der Firma sind in diesem Jahr höher.
The company's profits are higher this year.
der Firma means of the company, and in diesem Jahr means this year. Die Profite is plural and nominative because it is the subject; höher is the comparative of hoch, meaning higher.
Viele Unternehmen schlagen Profit aus den Daten ihrer Kunden.
Many companies profit from their customers' data.
viele Unternehmen means many companies, and die Daten ihrer Kunden means their customers' data. In Profit aus etwas schlagen, the preposition aus takes the dative, although this sentence uses the plural phrase den Daten; the finite verb schlagen stands in position two.
Er zieht persönlichen Profit aus seiner politischen Stellung.
He gains personal advantage from his political position.
persönlich means personal, and die politische Stellung means the political position. The phrase Profit aus etwas ziehen means to gain an advantage from something; aus forces the dative, so seiner politischen Stellung is dative.

der Rappen — rappen, Swiss cent ​

In Switzerland, der Rappen is one hundredth of a franc, like a cent in many other currencies. It is not the German word for a raven; that bird is der Rabe.
Ein Rappen ist ein Hundertstel eines Frankens.
One rappen is one hundredth of a franc.
ein Hundertstel means one hundredth and der Franken is the franc. Ein Rappen is nominative because it is the subject; eines Frankens is genitive after Hundertstel to show the whole it belongs to.
Die MĂĽnze ist nur einen Rappen wert.
The coin is worth only one rappen.
die MĂĽnze is the coin, nur means only, and wert sein means to be worth. Einen Rappen is accusative in this value expression; ist is in position two and wert remains at the end as part of the predicate.
Mit einem Rappen kann man heute kaum etwas kaufen.
Nowadays, you can hardly buy anything with one rappen.
heute means today, kaum means hardly, and etwas kaufen means to buy something. Mit einem Rappen is dative because mit always takes the dative; kann is in position two and kaufen goes to the end after kann.
Der Wert des Rappens ist sehr klein.
The value of the rappen is very small.
der Wert is the value and klein means small. Des Rappens is genitive and means “of the rappen”; the subject is Der Wert, so ist stands in position two.
Die Rappen liegen in der Schublade.
The rappen coins are in the drawer.
liegen means to lie or be located, and die Schublade is the drawer. Die Rappen is the plural subject; in der Schublade is dative because it describes a fixed location, not movement into the drawer.

die Ratenzahlung — installment payment; payment by instalments; payment by installments ​

This compound combines Rate, an installment, with Zahlung, a payment. It usually refers to an agreed plan for paying a larger price over time.
Die Ratenzahlung beginnt im Januar.
The installment payment plan begins in January.
beginnt means begins, and im Januar means in January. Die Ratenzahlung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Ich wähle die Ratenzahlung.
I choose the installment payment plan.
wähle means choose. Die Ratenzahlung is accusative because wählen takes a direct object, while the finite verb wähle stands in position two.
Wir stimmen einer Ratenzahlung zu.
We agree to an installment payment plan.
stimmen ... zu means agree to, and einer means a in the feminine dative. Einer Ratenzahlung is dative because zustimmen requires zu with the dative; the separable verb has stimmen in position two and zu at the end.
Die Bedingungen der Ratenzahlung stehen im Vertrag.
The conditions of the installment payment plan are stated in the contract.
die Bedingungen means the conditions, stehen means are written or stated, and der Ratenzahlung means of the installment payment plan. Der Ratenzahlung is genitive because it describes whose conditions they are; the finite verb stehen is in position two.
Viele Ratenzahlungen sind monatlich.
Many installment payment plans are monthly.
Viele means many, and monatlich means monthly. Viele Ratenzahlungen is a plural subject, so the verb is sind; the plural ending is -en.
Kann ich das Fahrrad in Ratenzahlung kaufen?
Can I buy the bicycle by installments?
das Fahrrad means the bicycle, and kaufen means buy. In Ratenzahlung describes the payment method; after the modal verb kann, the infinitive kaufen goes to the end.
Die Ratenzahlung macht den Computer bezahlbar.
The installment plan makes the computer affordable.
macht means makes, den Computer means the computer, and bezahlbar means affordable. Die Ratenzahlung is the nominative subject, while den Computer is accusative as the object of macht.

der Reichtum — wealth, riches ​

Reichtum usually means substantial wealth, not simply having enough money for everyday needs. Its plural ReichtĂĽmer is used for different valuable possessions or great fortunes.
Der Reichtum macht ihn nicht glĂĽcklich.
Wealth does not make him happy.
macht means makes, ihn means him, and glĂĽcklich means happy. Der Reichtum is the nominative subject, while ihn is accusative because machen takes the person affected as an accusative object; the finite verb macht is in position two.
Viele Menschen bewundern den Reichtum.
Many people admire wealth.
viele Menschen means many people, and bewundern means admire. den Reichtum is accusative because it is the object of bewundern; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Er lebt mit dem Reichtum seiner Familie.
He lives with his family’s wealth.
lebt means lives, and seiner Familie means of his family. mit always takes the dative, so dem Reichtum is dative; seiner Familie is a genitive phrase showing whose wealth it is.
Der Preis des Reichtums ist oft hoch.
The price of wealth is often high.
der Preis means the price, oft means often, and hoch means high. des Reichtums is genitive because it identifies what the price belongs to; the noun adds -s, and the finite verb ist is in position two.
In manchen Ländern sieht man große Reichtümer.
In some countries, you see great riches.
in manchen Ländern means in some countries, sieht man means one sees, and große means great or large. Reichtümer is accusative plural because it is the object of sehen; in takes the dative here because Ländern describes a location.

die Rente — pension, retirement pension; annuity; annuity, regular payment ​

In everyday German, die Rente usually means a state retirement pension. It can also mean a regular financial payment from an investment or insurance arrangement.
Meine Rente reicht fĂĽr die Miete.
My pension is enough for the rent.
die Miete means the rent, and reichen fĂĽr means to be enough for. Meine Rente is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb reicht is in position two.
Sie bekommt jeden Monat Rente.
She receives a pension every month.
jeden Monat means every month, and bekommen means to receive. Rente is an accusative object after bekommen, although the article is often omitted when speaking generally; the finite verb bekommt is in position two.
Er lebt von der Rente.
He lives on his pension.
leben von means to live on or from something. The preposition von always takes the dative, so der Rente is dative; lebt is the finite verb in position two.
Die Höhe der Rente hängt von den Beiträgen ab.
The amount of the pension depends on the contributions.
die Höhe means the amount, abhängen von means to depend on, and die Beiträge are contributions. der Rente is genitive because it specifies whose amount it is; the separable verb abhängen appears as hängt ... ab in the main clause.
Viele ältere Menschen beziehen Renten.
Many older people receive pensions.
viele ältere Menschen means many older people, and beziehen means to receive regularly. Renten is plural and is an accusative object after beziehen; the plural ending is -n.
Der Vertrag garantiert eine monatliche Rente.
The contract guarantees a monthly annuity.
der Vertrag is the contract, garantieren means to guarantee, and monatlich means monthly. eine monatliche Rente is accusative because garantieren takes an accusative object; the adjective ending is -e after eine.
Die Versicherung zahlt ihm eine lebenslange Rente.
The insurance company pays him a lifelong annuity.
die Versicherung is the insurance company, zahlen means to pay, ihm means to him, and lebenslang means lifelong. ihm is dative because it is the recipient, while eine lebenslange Rente is accusative as the thing being paid.

ruinieren — to ruin, to destroy, to spoil; to ruin financially ​

Ruinieren takes an accusative object: you ruin etwas. As a verb ending in -ieren, it forms the Partizip II ruiniert without ge- and uses haben.
Der Regen ruiniert unseren Ausflug.
The rain is ruining our outing.
der Regen means the rain, and unseren Ausflug means our outing. Unseren Ausflug is accusative because ruinieren takes a direct object; the finite verb ruiniert is in position two.
Der Regen hat unseren Ausflug ruiniert.
The rain has ruined our outing.
der Regen is rain, and unseren Ausflug is our outing. The perfect uses hat plus ruiniert; the Partizip II goes to the end, and ruinieren has no ge-.
Der Regen ruinierte unseren Ausflug.
The rain ruined our outing.
der Regen means the rain, and unseren Ausflug means our outing. Ruinierte is the weak Präteritum form; the accusative object follows the verb.
Ruinier bitte nicht den Abend!
Please do not ruin the evening!
bitte means please, and der Abend means the evening. The imperative addresses du; den Abend is accusative because it is what is being ruined.
Ich wĂĽrde den Abend nicht ruinieren.
I would not ruin the evening.
ich wĂĽrde means I would, and der Abend means the evening. The wĂĽrde construction puts the infinitive ruinieren at the end; den Abend is accusative.
Der Lärm wird den Abend ruinieren.
The noise will ruin the evening.
der Lärm means the noise, and der Abend means the evening. Future wird is in position two and sends the infinitive ruinieren to the end; the object is accusative.
Die hohen Schulden haben die Firma ruiniert.
The high debts ruined the company.
die hohen Schulden means the high debts, and die Firma means the company. Die Firma is accusative as the person or organisation affected; haben and ruiniert form the perfect.
Er hat sich mit dem Geschäft ruiniert.
He ruined himself with the business.
das Geschäft means the business, and sich ruinieren means ruin oneself. Sich is the reflexive accusative object, while mit dem Geschäft is dative after mit and says how it happened.

der Scheck — cheque; check (US) ​

A Scheck is a written payment order; the American English word is check. Cheques are less common for everyday payments than cards, and the plural is Schecks, not Schecke.
Der Scheck liegt auf dem Tisch.
The cheque is lying on the table.
liegt means is lying, auf dem Tisch means on the table, and der Tisch means the table. Der Scheck is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb liegt stands in position two.
Die Bank akzeptiert den Scheck.
The bank accepts the cheque.
die Bank means the bank and akzeptiert means accepts. Den Scheck is accusative because akzeptieren takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Ich bezahle mit dem Scheck.
I pay by cheque.
bezahle means pay and mit means with or by. Dem Scheck is dative because mit always takes the dative; the masculine article changes to dem.
Die Nummer des Schecks steht auf dem Formular.
The cheque's number is on the form.
die Nummer means the number, steht auf means is written on, and das Formular means the form. Des Schecks is genitive because it shows which cheque the number belongs to; the noun takes -s.
Die Schecks sind bereits eingelöst.
The cheques have already been cashed.
bereits means already and eingelöst means cashed. Die Schecks is plural, marked by -s and the plural verb sind; eingelöst is a participle used as an adjective here.

die Schuld — blame, guilt; debt; debt, financial obligation ​

The singular Schuld commonly means blame or guilt, while its plural Schulden normally means debts. The fixed expression jemandem die Schuld geben takes a dative person and an accusative Schuld.
Die Schuld liegt nicht bei dir.
It is not your fault.
liegt means lies or rests, nicht means not, and bei dir means with you or at your door. Schuld is nominative because it is the subject; bei dir is dative after bei, and liegt is in position two.
Er gibt seiner Schwester die Schuld.
He blames his sister.
gibt means gives, and seiner Schwester means his sister. die Schuld is accusative because jemandem die Schuld geben takes the thing blamed in the accusative, while seiner Schwester is dative for the person blamed.
Man kann ihm nicht die Schuld geben.
You cannot blame him.
man kann means one can or you can, ihm means to him, and nicht means not. ihm is dative for the person blamed, while die Schuld is the accusative thing being given; the modal kann is in position two and geben goes to the end.
Die Ursache der Schuld war lange unklar.
The cause of the guilt was unclear for a long time.
die Ursache means the cause, lange means for a long time, and unklar means unclear. der Schuld is genitive because it specifies the cause’s relationship to the guilt; war is in position two.
Sie suchen die Schulden bei jemand anderem.
They are looking for the debts with someone else.
suchen means look for, bei means with or at, and jemand anderem means someone else. Schulden is plural and accusative as the object of suchen; here it means debts, not guilt.
Nach dem Unfall hatte er groĂźe Schuld.
After the accident, he was heavily to blame.
nach dem Unfall means after the accident and groĂźe means great or serious. Schuld is uncountable in this meaning and is nominative after hatte; nach dem Unfall is dative because nach governs the dative.
Die Firma hat eine Schuld bei der Bank.
The company has a debt with the bank.
die Firma means the company, hat means has, and bei der Bank means with the bank. eine Schuld is accusative as the object of haben, while bei der Bank is dative after bei; for several financial debts, German normally uses Schulden.

die Schulden — debts, money owed; being in debt ​

Schulden is plural-only: use it for money owed and do not form a singular such as eine Schuld for ordinary personal debts. The related singular die Schuld usually means blame or guilt.
Die Schulden werden immer größer.
The debts are getting bigger and bigger.
werden means become or are getting, and immer größer means bigger and bigger. Schulden is nominative because it is the subject; the plural-only noun has no singular, and werden stands in position two.
Er muss seine Schulden bezahlen.
He has to pay his debts.
muss means has to, seine means his, and bezahlen means pay. seine Schulden is accusative because bezahlen takes an accusative object; the modal muss is in position two and the infinitive bezahlen goes to the end.
Sie hilft ihm, seine Schulden abzubauen.
She helps him reduce his debts.
hilft means helps, ihm means him, and abzubauen means to reduce or pay down. ihm is dative because helfen governs the dative, while seine Schulden is accusative as the object of abbauen.
Wegen der Schulden musste die Familie umziehen.
Because of the debts, the family had to move.
wegen means because of, musste means had to, die Familie means the family, and umziehen means move house. der Schulden is genitive because wegen normally governs the genitive; musste is in position two and umziehen goes to the end.
Viele Menschen versuchen, ihre Schulden schnell zu bezahlen.
Many people try to pay their debts quickly.
Viele Menschen means many people, versuchen means try, and schnell means quickly. ihre Schulden is plural and accusative after bezahlen; the infinitive phrase follows versuchen, and Schulden has no singular in this meaning.
Ich habe noch Schulden bei meiner Bank.
I still owe money to my bank.
noch means still, and bei meiner Bank means to my bank. Schulden is the accusative object of haben, while meiner Bank is dative after bei; habe stands in position two.
Sie ist endlich aus den Schulden heraus.
She is finally out of debt.
endlich means finally and heraus means out. aus den Schulden is dative because aus always governs the dative; the fixed expression aus den Schulden heraus sein means to be out of debt.

schulden — to owe ​

Schulden is the verb meaning to owe, while capitalized plural Schulden means debts. It normally follows the pattern jemandem etwas schulden: the person is dative and the thing owed is accusative.
Ich schulde meiner Schwester noch fĂĽnfzig Euro.
I still owe my sister fifty euros.
meiner Schwester means my sister, and fĂĽnfzig Euro means fifty euros. Meiner Schwester is dative because the person owed is an indirect object, while fĂĽnfzig Euro is accusative; the finite verb schulde is in position two.
Wir haben dem Handwerker das Geld geschuldet.
We owed the tradesman the money.
dem Handwerker means the tradesman, and das Geld means the money. Dem Handwerker is dative and das Geld is accusative; haben is in position two and geschuldet goes to the end.
Er schuldete seinem Freund eine Erklärung.
He owed his friend an explanation.
seinem Freund means his friend, and eine Erklärung means an explanation. The friend is dative and the explanation is accusative; the weak past form schuldete is the finite verb in position two.
Schulde mir eine Antwort!
Owe me an answer!
mir means to me, and eine Antwort means an answer. Mir is dative because it names the person owed, while eine Antwort is accusative; the imperative stands at the beginning.
Ich schuldetе ihm nichts, wenn ich die spelling?
I would owe him nothing if I paid today.
ihm means to him and nichts means nothing; heute means today. The dative pronoun ihm names the person owed, but this sentence is not a correct Konjunktiv II form for schulden; the natural form is wĂĽrde ihm nichts schulden.
Du wirst mir bald eine Erklärung schulden.
You will soon owe me an explanation.
bald means soon, and eine Erklärung means an explanation. Mir is dative and eine Erklärung is accusative; wirst is in position two and the infinitive schulden goes to the end.

schwarzfahren — to ride public transport without a ticket ​

schwarzfahren is a separable strong verb built from schwarz and fahren. In the perfect it takes sein: ist schwarzgefahren; it is often used in informal speech and can also be written as schwarz fahren in some contexts.
Viele Leute fahren in der Stadt schwarz.
Many people ride public transport without a ticket in the city.
viele Leute means many people, and in der Stadt means in the city. The finite part fahren is in position two and schwarz goes to the end because this is a separable verb in a main clause.
Er ist gestern schwarzgefahren.
He rode without a ticket yesterday.
gestern means yesterday. schwarzgefahren is the Partizip II and takes ist, not hat, because fahren expresses movement; the participle stands at the end.
Der Mann fuhr jahrelang schwarz.
The man rode without a ticket for years.
der Mann means the man, and jahrelang means for years. fuhr is the strong past form of fahren, while schwarz separates and goes to the end of the main clause.
Fahr nicht schwarz!
Don't ride without a ticket!
nicht means not. In the informal singular imperative, fahr comes first and the separated part schwarz goes to the end; nicht comes before that final part.
Ich wĂĽrde nie schwarzfahren.
I would never ride without a ticket.
nie means never. wĂĽrde introduces the conditional, so the complete infinitive schwarzfahren stays together at the end instead of separating.
Er wird morgen nicht schwarzfahren.
He will not ride without a ticket tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow, and nicht means not. In the future, wird is the finite verb in position two and the complete infinitive schwarzfahren goes to the end.

die Sozialleistung — social benefit, welfare benefit ​

This compound combines Sozial-, social, with Leistung, benefit or payment. It usually refers to official support, not to an ordinary personal gift.
Die Sozialleistung hilft der Familie jeden Monat.
The social benefit helps the family every month.
die Familie means the family, and jeden Monat means every month. Die Sozialleistung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb hilft stands in position two.
Die Familie beantragt die Sozialleistung online.
The family applies for the social benefit online.
beantragen means to apply for, and online means online. Die Sozialleistung is accusative because it is the direct object of beantragt; the finite verb remains in position two.
Die Behörde überweist der Familie der Sozialleistung?
The authority transfers the social benefit to the family?
die Behörde is the authority, überweisen means to transfer, and die Familie is the family. This sentence is not natural with der Sozialleistung as a dative object: the natural form is die Sozialleistung as the accusative object, while the recipient is dative; learners must not force a dative form merely to fill a case pattern.
Die Höhe der Sozialleistung hängt vom Einkommen ab.
The amount of the social benefit depends on income.
die Höhe means the amount, das Einkommen means income, and abhängen von means to depend on. Der Sozialleistung is genitive because it specifies the amount; the separable verb hängt ... ab places ab at the end of the main clause.
Viele Sozialleistungen werden automatisch ausgezahlt.
Many social benefits are paid out automatically.
viele means many, automatisch means automatically, and ausgezahlt werden means are paid out. Sozialleistungen is plural with viele; in the passive, werden is finite in position two and ausgezahlt goes to the end.

der Steuerberater — tax adviser, tax consultant ​

A Steuerberater is a qualified professional who deals with tax advice and tax returns. The compound contains Steuer, tax, and Berater, adviser; the plural is unchanged: die Steuerberater.
Mein Steuerberater prĂĽft die Unterlagen.
My tax adviser is checking the documents.
mein means my, prĂĽft means checks, and die Unterlagen means the documents or paperwork. Mein Steuerberater is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb prĂĽft is in position two.
Ich rufe meinen Steuerberater an.
I am calling my tax adviser.
anrufen means to call, and meinen means my in the masculine accusative. Meinen Steuerberater is accusative because anrufen takes a direct object; the separable verb appears as rufe ... an around the object.
Ich vertraue meinem Steuerberater.
I trust my tax adviser.
vertrauen means to trust, and meinem means my in the masculine dative. Meinem Steuerberater is dative because vertrauen takes a dative person; vertraue is in position two.
Die Empfehlung des Steuerberaters war hilfreich.
The tax adviser’s recommendation was helpful.
die Empfehlung means the recommendation, and hilfreich means helpful. Des Steuerberaters is genitive because it shows whose recommendation it was; the noun takes -s after des.
Die Steuerberater treffen sich zu einer Konferenz.
The tax advisers are meeting for a conference.
treffen sich means meet, and zu einer Konferenz means for or at a conference. Die Steuerberater is nominative plural and has no ending change; sich is the reflexive pronoun belonging to treffen.

die Steuerklasse — tax class ​

Steuerklasse is an official category used to calculate income-tax withholding from wages. In Germany, the plural is Steuerklassen; it is not the same as a school class.
Die Steuerklasse steht auf meiner Lohnabrechnung.
The tax class is shown on my payslip.
steht means is shown or stands, and die Lohnabrechnung is the payslip. Die Steuerklasse is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb steht is in position two.
Ich möchte die Steuerklasse ändern.
I would like to change the tax class.
möchte means would like, and ändern means to change. Die Steuerklasse is accusative because it is the direct object of ändern; the finite verb möchte stands in position two, while the infinitive goes to the end.
Bei der Steuerklasse kommt es auf das Einkommen an.
When it comes to the tax class, income is what matters.
bei means with or in the matter of, kommt es auf ... an means depends on or is a matter of, and das Einkommen is income. Der Steuerklasse is dative because bei always takes the dative; the separable verb ankommen puts an at the end of the main clause.
Die Höhe der Abzüge hängt von der Steuerklasse ab.
The amount of the deductions depends on the tax class.
die Höhe means the amount, die Abzüge are deductions, and hängt ... ab means depends. Der Abzüge is genitive because it specifies the amount, while der Steuerklasse is dative after von; the separable verb abhängen places ab at the end.
Die Steuerklassen unterscheiden sich je nach Einkommen.
The tax classes differ depending on income.
unterscheiden sich means differ, and je nach Einkommen means depending on income. Die Steuerklassen is the plural subject; the finite verb unterscheiden is in position two.

das Stipendium — scholarship, grant; research grant ​

A Stipendium is usually financial support for study or research, not a prize for winning a competition. The common phrase is ein Stipendium bekommen; an application is sich um ein Stipendium bewerben.
Das Stipendium bezahlt meine StudiengebĂĽhren.
The scholarship pays my tuition fees.
bezahlt means pays, and meine StudiengebĂĽhren means my tuition fees. Das Stipendium is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb bezahlt stands in position two.
Die Universität verlängert das Stipendium um ein Jahr.
The university extends the scholarship by one year.
die Universität is the university, and verlängert means extends; um ein Jahr means by one year. Das Stipendium is accusative because verlängern takes a direct object, while the finite verb verlängert is in position two.
Mit dem Stipendium kann ich in Berlin studieren.
With the scholarship, I can study in Berlin.
mit means with, kann ich studieren means I can study, and in Berlin means in Berlin. Dem Stipendium is dative because mit always takes the dative; the modal verb kann stands in position two and studieren goes to the end.
Die Höhe des Stipendiums hängt von den Noten ab.
The amount of the scholarship depends on the grades.
die Höhe means the amount, hängt ... ab means depends, and die Noten are the grades. Des Stipendiums is genitive because it specifies whose amount it is, and the separable verb abhängen places hängt in position two and ab at the end.
Viele Studierende erhalten Stipendien.
Many students receive scholarships.
viele Studierende means many students, and erhalten means receive. Stipendien is the plural form with no ending on the stem; here it is accusative because erhalten takes what is received as its object.
Sie hat ein Stipendium fĂĽr ihre Forschung bekommen.
She received a scholarship for her research.
ihre Forschung means her research, and bekommen means received or got. Ein Stipendium is accusative after bekommen, and the perfect uses hat ... bekommen, with the participle at the end.
Sie arbeitet mit einem Stipendium an ihrer Doktorarbeit.
She is working on her doctoral thesis with a grant.
arbeitet means works, ihrer Doktorarbeit means her doctoral thesis, and an here means on. Mit einem Stipendium is dative because mit requires the dative; an ihrer Doktorarbeit also uses the dative because it describes work on a project.
Das Forschungsinstitut bietet mehrere Stipendien an.
The research institute offers several grants.
das Forschungsinstitut means the research institute, mehrere means several, and bietet ... an means offers. Stipendien is accusative as the object of anbieten, and the separable prefix an moves to the end of the main clause.

die Tageskarte — day ticket; daily menu; daily menu ​

In transport, die Tageskarte is a ticket valid for one day. In a restaurant, it can also mean the menu or special dishes offered for that day, so context is important.
Die Tageskarte gilt bis Mitternacht.
The day ticket is valid until midnight.
gilt means is valid and bis Mitternacht means until midnight. Die Tageskarte is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb gilt stands in position two.
Ich kaufe eine Tageskarte fĂĽr den Bus.
I am buying a day ticket for the bus.
kaufe means am buying, fĂĽr means for, and der Bus means the bus. eine Tageskarte is accusative because kaufen takes a direct object; fĂĽr den Bus is also accusative because fĂĽr always governs accusative.
Mit der Tageskarte fahren wir durch die Stadt.
With the day ticket, we travel through the city.
mit means with, fahren means travel, and durch die Stadt means through the city. der Tageskarte is dative because mit always takes dative; durch die Stadt is accusative because durch takes accusative.
Der Preis der Tageskarte beträgt acht Euro.
The price of the day ticket is eight euros.
der Preis means the price and beträgt means amounts to. der Tageskarte is genitive because it identifies whose price it is; the finite verb beträgt is in position two.
Die Tageskarten sind am Automaten erhältlich.
The day tickets are available at the ticket machine.
sind means are, am Automaten means at the ticket machine, and erhältlich means available. Tageskarten is plural and the subject; am Automaten is dative because an describes a fixed location here.
Was steht heute auf der Tageskarte?
What is on the daily menu today?
heute means today and steht means is written or listed. auf der Tageskarte is dative because auf describes a fixed location on the menu; the question word was stands first and steht follows in position two.
Die Suppe von der Tageskarte schmeckt gut.
The soup from the daily menu tastes good.
die Suppe means the soup, von means from, and schmeckt gut means tastes good. von der Tageskarte is dative because von always takes dative; the whole phrase modifies die Suppe.

die TAN — transaction number, one-time security code ​

TAN is short for Transaktionsnummer, transaction number. It is used especially in online banking and normally refers to a code that can be used only once.
Die TAN bestätigt die Überweisung.
The TAN confirms the bank transfer.
Bestätigt means confirms, and die Überweisung means the bank transfer. Die TAN is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb bestätigt is in position two.
Geben Sie die TAN in das Feld ein.
Enter the TAN in the field.
Geben Sie ... ein means enter, and das Feld means the field or box. Die TAN is accusative because eingeben takes a direct object; the separable verb splits in the imperative, with ein at the end.
Mit der TAN können Sie die Zahlung freigeben.
You can authorize the payment with the TAN.
Mit means with, die Zahlung means the payment, and freigeben means authorize or release. Der TAN is dative because mit always takes the dative; freigeben goes to the end after können.
Die Eingabe der TAN ist erforderlich.
Entering the TAN is required.
Die Eingabe means the entry or entering, and erforderlich means required. Der TAN is genitive because it specifies which code is entered; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Die TANs kommen per SMS.
The TANs arrive by text message.
Kommen means arrive, per means by, and SMS means text message. Die TANs is the plural subject, and the abbreviation takes the regular plural ending -s.

der Tarif — rate, fare, tariff; pay scale, collective agreement ​

der Tarif is used for an official price or set of conditions, for example for public transport or a mobile-phone contract. Its plural is die Tarife, and its genitive is des Tarifs.
Der Tarif ist fĂĽr Studenten besonders gĂĽnstig.
The rate is particularly cheap for students.
Studenten means students, besonders means particularly, and gĂĽnstig means cheap or good value. Der Tarif is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich wähle den Tarif ohne Datenlimit.
I choose the rate without a data limit.
wähle means choose, ohne means without, and Datenlimit means data limit. den Tarif is accusative because wählen takes a direct object; ohne also takes the accusative.
Mit dem Tarif spare ich jeden Monat Geld.
With this rate, I save money every month.
mit means with, spare means save, jeden Monat means every month, and Geld means money. mit always takes the dative, so dem Tarif is dative; the phrase mit dem Tarif occupies position one, putting spare in position two.
Die Leistungen des Tarifs sind klar erklärt.
The services included in the rate are clearly explained.
Leistungen means services or benefits, klar means clearly, and erklärt means explained. des Tarifs is genitive because it identifies which services belong to the rate; the plural subject Die Leistungen makes the verb sind plural.
Die Anbieter vergleichen verschiedene Tarife.
The providers compare different rates.
Anbieter means providers, vergleichen means compare, and verschiedene means different. Tarife is an accusative plural object after vergleichen; the plural has no article here, so verschiedene takes the ending -e.
Viele Angestellte werden nach Tarif bezahlt.
Many employees are paid according to a collective agreement.
Viele Angestellte means many employees, nach means according to, and bezahlt werden means are paid. In this fixed employment expression, nach Tarif has no article; the passive uses werden with the Partizip II bezahlt at the end.
Der neue Tarif erhöht die Löhne.
The new pay scale increases wages.
neu means new, erhöht means increases, and Löhne means wages. Der neue Tarif is the nominative subject, while die Löhne is the accusative object; the finite verb erhöht is in position two.

der Umsatz — revenue, sales turnover; sales volume, turnover ​

In business German, der Umsatz is the money earned through sales, not profit. It is often used with machen, steigern, or zurĂĽckgehen.
Der Umsatz des Geschäfts ist dieses Jahr gestiegen.
The shop's revenue has risen this year.
das Geschäft means shop or business, dieses Jahr means this year, and gestiegen means risen. Der Umsatz is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist is in position two, while gestiegen goes to the end because this is a perfect construction.
Das Unternehmen hat den Umsatz deutlich erhöht.
The company has increased its revenue significantly.
das Unternehmen means company, deutlich means significantly, and erhöht means increased. Den Umsatz is accusative because erhöhen takes a direct object; hat is in position two and erhöht stands at the end.
Mit dem Umsatz können wir neue Mitarbeiter bezahlen.
With the revenue, we can pay new employees.
mit means with, neue Mitarbeiter means new employees, and bezahlen means pay for. Dem Umsatz is dative because mit always takes the dative; the modal-like verb können is in position two and bezahlen goes to the end.
Die Höhe des Umsatzes überrascht die Aktionäre.
The level of revenue surprises the shareholders.
die Höhe means the level or amount, überrascht means surprises, and die Aktionäre are the shareholders. Des Umsatzes is genitive because it specifies whose level it is; the genitive ending -es must not be replaced by the plural form.
Die Umsätze der Filialen werden verglichen.
The sales figures of the branches are compared.
die Filialen means the branches, and verglichen means compared. Umsätze is the plural subject, marked by die and the umlaut; werden is in position two and verglichen goes to the end in the passive.
Der Onlinehandel erzielt einen groĂźen Umsatz.
Online retail achieves a large sales volume.
der Onlinehandel means online retail, erzielt means achieves, and groĂź means large. Einen Umsatz is accusative because erzielen takes a direct object; the finite verb erzielt stands in position two.
Im Dezember ist der Umsatz besonders hoch.
In December, sales are particularly high.
im Dezember means in December, and besonders hoch means particularly high. Der Umsatz is nominative after sein; the adjective hoch is predicative and therefore has no ending.

der Verdienst — earnings; merit, achievement; merit; achievement, valuable service ​

In the financial sense, der Verdienst usually means earnings and is commonly singular. The plural die Verdienste normally refers to achievements or valuable services, so the two meanings should not be confused.
Der Verdienst reicht fĂĽr die Miete.
The earnings are enough for the rent.
reicht fĂĽr means is enough for, and die Miete means the rent. Der Verdienst is nominative as the subject; fĂĽr die Miete is accusative because fĂĽr always takes the accusative.
Die Firma erhöht den Verdienst.
The company increases the earnings.
die Firma means the company, and erhöht means increases. Den Verdienst is accusative because erhöhen takes a direct object, and erhöht is in position two.
Viele Familien leben von dem Verdienst einer Person.
Many families live on one person's earnings.
viele Familien means many families, leben von means live on, and einer Person means one person. Dem Verdienst is dative because von requires the dative; einer Person is genitive-like possession expressed with von.
Die Höhe des Verdienstes hängt vom Beruf ab.
The level of earnings depends on the profession.
die Höhe means the level, hängt ... ab means depends on, and der Beruf means the profession. Des Verdienstes is genitive because it specifies the level of what; the separable prefix ab goes to the end of the main clause.
Die Verdienste der Ärztin wurden öffentlich gelobt.
The doctor's achievements were praised publicly.
der Ärztin means of the female doctor, öffentlich means publicly, and gelobt means praised. Verdienste is plural here in the sense of achievements, not earnings; it is the subject of the passive clause.
Seine Verdienste um die Stadt sind bekannt.
His services to the city are well known.
seine means his, um die Stadt means for the city, and bekannt means known. Verdienste is plural in the sense of achievements; um die Stadt uses the accusative after um, and the finite verb sind is in position two.
Sie erhielt eine Auszeichnung fĂĽr ihre Verdienste.
She received an award for her services.
erhielt means received, eine Auszeichnung means an award, and fĂĽr ihre Verdienste means for her services. Ihre Verdienste is plural and accusative because fĂĽr requires the accusative; the verb erhielt is in position two.

die Vergütung — payment, compensation, remuneration ​

VergĂĽtung is a formal word for payment or compensation, especially in employment or legal contexts. It is broader than Gehalt, which usually means a regular salary.
Die VergĂĽtung ist im Vertrag festgelegt.
The compensation is specified in the contract.
der Vertrag means the contract, and festgelegt means specified or fixed. Die VergĂĽtung is nominative because it is the subject; ist festgelegt describes its state, with the finite verb in position two.
Die Firma zahlt die VergĂĽtung am Monatsende.
The company pays the compensation at the end of the month.
die Firma means the company, and am Monatsende means at the end of the month. Die VergĂĽtung is accusative because zahlen takes a direct object, while zahlt stands in position two.
Der Mitarbeiter erhält die Vergütung pünktlich.
The employee receives the compensation on time.
der Mitarbeiter means the employee, and pünktlich means on time. Vergütung is the accusative object of erhält, not dative; the example shows that a feminine noun has the same form in nominative and accusative.
Die Höhe der Vergütung hängt von der Erfahrung ab.
The amount of the compensation depends on experience.
die Höhe means the amount, die Erfahrung means experience, and hängt ... ab means depends. Vergütung is genitive after die Höhe, showing what amount is meant; the separable verb places ab at the end.
Die neuen VergĂĽtungen gelten ab Januar.
The new compensation payments apply from January.
neuen means new, gelten means apply, and ab Januar means from January. VergĂĽtungen is a plural nominative subject, so the adjective has the plural ending -en after die.

verleihen — to lend; to award; to award, to confer ​

The recipient is in the dative: jemandem etwas verleihen. The thing lent or awarded is in the accusative, and the strong past forms are verlieh and verliehen.
Meine Schwester verleiht mir ihr Fahrrad.
My sister lends me her bicycle.
meine Schwester means my sister and ihr Fahrrad means her bicycle. mir is dative because it is the recipient, while ihr Fahrrad is accusative because it is the thing lent; verleiht is in position two.
Er hat mir seinen Laptop verliehen.
He lent me his laptop.
seinen Laptop means his laptop. mir is dative for the recipient and seinen Laptop is accusative for the thing lent; the perfect uses haben and verliehen goes to the end.
Die Stadt verlieh ihr einen Preis.
The city awarded her a prize.
die Stadt is the city and ein Preis is a prize. ihr is dative for the recipient and einen Preis is accusative for the prize; verlieh is the strong preterite in position two.
Verleih mir bitte dein Fahrrad.
Please lend me your bicycle.
bitte means please and dein Fahrrad means your bicycle. mir is dative because it names the person receiving the bicycle, while dein Fahrrad is accusative; the imperative addresses du.
Ich wĂĽrde ihm mein Auto nicht verleihen.
I would not lend him my car.
ihm means to him and mein Auto means my car. ihm is dative for the recipient and mein Auto is accusative for the thing lent; wĂĽrde ... verleihen expresses a hypothetical action.
Sie werden dem Gewinner einen Pokal verleihen.
They will award the winner a trophy.
der Gewinner is the winner and ein Pokal is a trophy. dem Gewinner is dative for the recipient and einen Pokal is accusative for the award; werden is in position two and verleihen is at the end.
Die Jury verleiht heute den ersten Preis.
The jury is awarding first prize today.
die Jury is the jury, heute means today, and der erste Preis is first prize. den ersten Preis is accusative because it is the award being given; the finite verb verleiht stands in position two.
Der BĂĽrgermeister hat ihr die Ehrenmedaille verliehen.
The mayor awarded her the medal of honour.
der BĂĽrgermeister is the mayor and die Ehrenmedaille is the medal of honour. ihr is dative for the recipient and die Ehrenmedaille is accusative; verliehen is the Partizip II at the end.

die Verschwendung — waste, wastage ​

die Verschwendung is usually an uncountable idea, but die Verschwendungen can mean separate instances or kinds of waste. It is a feminine noun, so its genitive singular is der Verschwendung, not des Verschwendungs.
Die Verschwendung von Wasser ist ein groĂźes Problem.
The waste of water is a major problem.
die Verschwendung von Wasser means the waste of water, and ein groĂźes Problem means a major problem. The noun phrase is the nominative subject; von takes the dative, so Wasser is dative here.
Wir mĂĽssen die Verschwendung von Lebensmitteln stoppen.
We must stop wasting food.
Lebensmittel means food, stoppen means to stop, and mĂĽssen means must. die Verschwendung is accusative because it is the object of stoppen; the modal verb mĂĽssen is in position two and stoppen goes to the end.
Mit weniger Verschwendung sparen wir Geld.
With less waste, we save money.
mit weniger Verschwendung means with less waste, and sparen means save. mit always takes the dative, so the feminine noun has the form Verschwendung; the finite verb sparen remains in position two.
Die Folgen der Verschwendung sind deutlich sichtbar.
The consequences of waste are clearly visible.
die Folgen means the consequences, and deutlich sichtbar means clearly visible. der Verschwendung is a genitive phrase showing what the consequences are connected with; the whole phrase Die Folgen der Verschwendung is the subject.
Viele Verschwendungen lassen sich vermeiden.
Many instances of waste can be avoided.
viele means many, and lassen sich vermeiden means can be avoided. Verschwendungen is the plural subject, so the article is not needed; the reflexive construction places vermeiden at the end.

der Versicherungsnehmer — policyholder; insured party ​

This is a formal insurance and legal term for the person or organisation named in the policy. Do not confuse der Versicherungsnehmer with die versicherte Person, which is the person actually insured; they can be different people.
Der Versicherungsnehmer muss den Schaden melden.
The policyholder must report the damage.
muss means must, der Schaden is the damage, and melden means report. Der Versicherungsnehmer is nominative because it is the subject; after the modal verb muss, the infinitive melden goes to the end.
Die Firma informiert den Versicherungsnehmer.
The company informs the policyholder.
die Firma is the company, informiert means informs, and informieren takes the person informed as a direct object. den Versicherungsnehmer is accusative, shown by den; the finite verb informiert stands in position two.
Die Beraterin hilft dem Versicherungsnehmer bei der Schadensmeldung.
The adviser helps the policyholder with the damage report.
die Beraterin is the adviser, hilft means helps, and die Schadensmeldung is the damage report. helfen takes the dative, so dem Versicherungsnehmer is dative; bei also takes the dative in bei der Schadensmeldung.
Die Unterschrift des Versicherungsnehmers fehlt.
The policyholder's signature is missing.
die Unterschrift means the signature and fehlt means is missing. des Versicherungsnehmers is genitive because it shows whose signature it is; the noun adds -s and the article is des.
Alle Versicherungsnehmer erhalten eine Bestätigung.
All policyholders receive a confirmation.
alle means all, erhalten means receive, and eine Bestätigung is a confirmation. Versicherungsnehmer has the same form in the singular and plural; alle and the plural verb erhalten make the number clear.
Der Versicherungsnehmer unterschreibt den Vertrag.
The policyholder signs the contract.
unterschreibt means signs and der Vertrag is the contract. Der Versicherungsnehmer is nominative as the subject, while den Vertrag is accusative because unterschreiben takes a direct object.

der Versicherungsschutz — insurance cover; insurance protection ​

Der Versicherungsschutz describes what an insurance policy covers, not the policy document or the insurance company itself. It is normally treated as a mass noun, so it has no ordinary plural.
Der Versicherungsschutz beginnt morgen.
The insurance cover begins tomorrow.
beginnt means begins, and morgen means tomorrow. Der Versicherungsschutz is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Die Police bestätigt den Versicherungsschutz.
The policy confirms the insurance cover.
die Police is the policy and bestätigt means confirms. den Versicherungsschutz is accusative because bestätigen takes a direct object; the masculine article changes to den.
Der Kunde vertraut dem Versicherungsschutz.
The customer trusts the insurance cover.
der Kunde is the customer and vertraut means trusts. vertrauen takes the dative, so dem Versicherungsschutz is dative; the finite verb vertraut is in position two.
Die Kosten des Versicherungsschutzes steigen.
The cost of the insurance cover is rising.
die Kosten are the costs and steigen means rise. des Versicherungsschutzes is genitive because it identifies what the costs are for; Versicherungsschutz adds -es in the genitive.
Der Versicherungsschutz gilt weltweit.
The insurance cover is valid worldwide.
gilt means is valid or applies, and weltweit means worldwide. Der Versicherungsschutz is nominative as the subject, and the finite verb gilt stands in position two.

die Vollkaskoversicherung — comprehensive vehicle insurance ​

Vollkasko covers damage to the insured person's own vehicle, unlike basic third-party cover. It is a compound feminine noun, so its plural is Vollkaskoversicherungen.
Eine Vollkaskoversicherung schĂĽtzt das eigene Auto.
Comprehensive insurance protects your own car.
schĂĽtzt means protects and das eigene Auto means your own car. Eine Vollkaskoversicherung is the nominative subject, and the finite verb schĂĽtzt stands in position two.
Viele Fahrer wählen eine Vollkaskoversicherung.
Many drivers choose comprehensive insurance.
viele Fahrer means many drivers and wählen means choose. eine Vollkaskoversicherung is accusative because wählen takes the chosen insurance as its object.
Mit einer Vollkaskoversicherung fährt man oft entspannter.
With comprehensive insurance, people often drive more relaxed.
mit means with and entspannter means more relaxed. Mit always takes the dative, so einer Vollkaskoversicherung is dative; the verb fährt is in position two.
Die Bedingungen der Vollkaskoversicherung sind wichtig.
The conditions of the comprehensive insurance are important.
die Bedingungen means the conditions and wichtig means important. der Vollkaskoversicherung is genitive because it specifies which insurance's conditions; the plural subject die Bedingungen controls sind.
Die Vollkaskoversicherungen unterscheiden sich deutlich.
The comprehensive insurance policies differ considerably.
unterscheiden sich means differ from one another, and deutlich means clearly or considerably. Die Vollkaskoversicherungen is the plural subject, and the reflexive verb keeps sich after the finite verb.

die Vorauszahlung — advance payment; prepayment ​

A Vorauszahlung is paid before the goods or service are received. In business language, eine Vorauszahlung leisten is a common expression; leisten takes an accusative object.
Die Vorauszahlung ist heute fällig.
The advance payment is due today.
heute means today and fällig means due. Die Vorauszahlung is the nominative subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two; fällig is a predicative adjective and therefore has no ending.
Der Kunde leistet die Vorauszahlung morgen.
The customer will make the advance payment tomorrow.
der Kunde means the customer, leistet means makes or pays, and morgen means tomorrow. Die Vorauszahlung is accusative because leisten takes an accusative object; the finite verb leistet is in position two.
Wir schicken dem Kunden die Rechnung nach der Vorauszahlung.
We will send the customer the invoice after the advance payment.
schicken means send, dem Kunden is to the customer, die Rechnung is the invoice, and nach means after. Der Vorauszahlung is dative because nach requires the dative; dem Kunden is also dative because it is the recipient of schicken.
Die Höhe der Vorauszahlung steht im Vertrag.
The amount of the advance payment is stated in the contract.
die Höhe means the amount, steht means is stated or stands, and der Vertrag is the contract. Der Vorauszahlung is genitive because it specifies whose amount is meant; the feminine genitive article is der.
Bei größeren Aufträgen verlangen wir mehrere Vorauszahlungen.
For larger orders, we require several advance payments.
bei größeren Aufträgen means for larger orders, verlangen means require, and mehrere means several. Bei größeren Aufträgen is dative because bei requires the dative, while mehrere Vorauszahlungen is the accusative object of verlangen.

wert — worth; valuable; worthy of; deserving ​

Wert is usually used in the pattern etwas ist jemandem etwas wert, meaning that something has a value for someone. In ordinary modern speech, wertvoll is often more natural for the meaning valuable, while wert sein is very common for worth.
Das Buch ist zehn Euro wert.
The book is worth ten euros.
das Buch is the book, and zehn Euro means ten euros. Wert stands after sein as a predicative adjective; the amount is expressed without an article, and ist is in position two.
Das ist ein wertes Geschenk.
That is a valuable gift.
das Geschenk is the gift, and wert means valuable here. Wertes comes before the neuter noun after ein, so it takes the ending -es; ist is in position two.
Ihre Zeit ist mir werter als Geld.
Her time is more valuable to me than money.
ihre Zeit is her time, and Geld is money. Mir is dative because it names the person for whom something has value, and werter als introduces the comparison; ist is in position two.
Seine Freiheit ist ihm am wertesten.
His freedom is what is most valuable to him.
seine Freiheit means his freedom, and ihm means to him. Ihm is dative because it names the person for whom something has value; am wertesten is the predicative superlative after ist.
Die Frage ist eine Antwort wert.
The question deserves an answer.
die Frage is the question, and eine Antwort is an answer. Eine Antwort wert means deserving an answer; the finite verb ist is in position two, and the phrase is more formal than everyday eine Antwort verdienen.
Der Fall ist weiterer Untersuchung wert.
The case is worthy of further investigation.
der Fall means the case, weiter means further, and die Untersuchung means investigation. Weiterer Untersuchung is a formal genitive phrase after wert; the adjective stands at the end of the clause after ist.

wertvoll — valuable, precious ​

Wertvoll can describe a high price, but it can also mean important or useful, as in wertvolle Zeit. Its opposite is wertlos, meaning worthless.
Der Ring ist wertvoll.
The ring is valuable.
der Ring is the ring, and ist means is. Wertvoll follows the linking verb ist and therefore has no adjective ending; der Ring is nominative because it is the subject.
Sie trägt eine wertvolle Halskette.
She is wearing a valuable necklace.
trägt means is wearing, and eine Halskette is a necklace. Wertvolle stands before Halskette and takes an ending; the whole phrase eine wertvolle Halskette is accusative because tragen takes a direct object.
Er besitzt einen wertvolleren Schatz als ich.
He owns a more valuable treasure than I do.
besitzt means owns, einen Schatz is a treasure, and als ich means than I do. Wertvolleren compares the treasure with something else and takes -en because the masculine accusative phrase is einen wertvolleren Schatz.
Zeit ist am wertvollsten, wenn man sie bewusst nutzt.
Time is most valuable when you use it consciously.
Zeit means time, wenn means when, bewusst means consciously, and nutzt means uses. Am wertvollsten is the predicative superlative; in the wenn clause, the finite verb nutzt goes to the end.
Die Hilfe meiner Freundin war besonders wertvoll.
My friend's help was especially valuable.
die Hilfe means the help, meiner Freundin means my female friend's, and besonders means especially. Wertvoll is predicative after war and has no ending; meiner Freundin is genitive here because it shows whose help it was.

die Wirtschaft — economy; business world; pub, inn; pub, inn, small restaurant ​

Die Wirtschaft has two common meanings: the economy or business world, and, especially in southern Germany and Austria, a traditional pub or inn. Context usually makes the meaning clear.
Die Wirtschaft wächst in diesem Jahr.
The economy is growing this year.
wächst means grows, and in diesem Jahr means this year. Die Wirtschaft is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb wächst is in position two.
Die Regierung unterstĂĽtzt die Wirtschaft.
The government supports the economy.
die Regierung is the government and unterstĂĽtzt means supports. Die Wirtschaft is accusative because it is the direct object of unterstĂĽtzen; the feminine article die is identical in nominative and accusative.
Viele Menschen arbeiten in der Wirtschaft.
Many people work in the economy.
viele Menschen means many people and arbeiten means work. In der Wirtschaft is dative because in describes a location here, not movement; the finite verb arbeiten remains in position two.
Die Entwicklung der Wirtschaft ist wichtig.
The development of the economy is important.
die Entwicklung is the development and wichtig means important. Der Wirtschaft is genitive because it identifies which development is meant; the whole phrase Die Entwicklung der Wirtschaft is nominative and the verb ist is in position two.
Die Wirtschaften verschiedener Länder sind miteinander verbunden.
The economies of different countries are connected with one another.
verschiedener Länder means of different countries, and miteinander verbunden means connected with one another. Die Wirtschaften is nominative plural because the economies are the subject; -en is the plural ending.
Am Abend gehen wir in eine gemĂĽtliche Wirtschaft.
In the evening, we are going to a cosy pub.
am Abend means in the evening, gemĂĽtlich means cosy, and gehen means go. In eine gemĂĽtliche Wirtschaft is accusative because in expresses movement towards a place; the finite verb gehen is in position two.
Die alte Wirtschaft ist heute geschlossen.
The old pub is closed today.
alt means old and geschlossen means closed. Die alte Wirtschaft is nominative because it is the subject, and ist stands in position two; heute means today.

wirtschaftlich — economic; economical, cost-effective ​

Wirtschaftlich can mean “economic” when it concerns the economy, or “economical” when something uses money or resources carefully. The meaning depends on the noun or situation.
Die Lage ist wirtschaftlich schwierig.
The situation is economically difficult.
die Lage means the situation and schwierig means difficult. Wirtschaftlich is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; it describes the nominative subject die Lage.
Die Regierung plant neue wirtschaftliche MaĂźnahmen.
The government is planning new economic measures.
die Regierung is the government, neu means new, and die MaĂźnahmen are the measures. Wirtschaftliche stands before the plural accusative noun and takes -e because the definite article die already shows the case.
Diese Lösung ist wirtschaftlicher als die alte.
This solution is more economical than the old one.
diese Lösung means this solution, die alte means the old one, and als means than. Wirtschaftlicher compares two solutions and follows ist without an ending because it is predicative.
Der öffentliche Verkehr ist am wirtschaftlichsten.
Public transport is the most economical.
der öffentliche Verkehr means public transport. Am wirtschaftlichsten is the predicative superlative, formed with am plus the adjective ending -sten; it has no noun ending because it follows ist.

wohlhabend — wealthy, affluent ​

wohlhabend is a regular adjective and can be used both before a noun and after sein. Its comparison forms are wohlhabender and am wohlhabendsten.
Die Familie ist sehr wohlhabend.
The family is very wealthy.
die Familie means the family, and sehr means very. The adjective is predicative after ist, so it has no ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Sie wohnen in einem wohlhabenden Viertel.
They live in an affluent neighbourhood.
wohnen means live, and das Viertel means neighbourhood. in takes the dative here because this describes a location, so wohlhabend receives the ending -en after einem.
Dieser Stadtteil ist wohlhabender als der andere.
This part of the city is wealthier than the other one.
der Stadtteil means the part of the city, and der andere means the other one. The comparative wohlhabender is predicative and is followed by als; it therefore has no adjective ending.
Zürich gehört zu den am wohlhabendsten Städten Europas.
Zurich is one of the wealthiest cities in Europe.
gehört zu means belongs among, die Städte means cities, and Europas means of Europe. The phrase zu den forces the dative plural, while am wohlhabendsten is used here in a superlative comparison; the more usual attributive wording is zu den wohlhabendsten Städten.

die Währung — currency ​

Die Währung means the currency, not a coin or a banknote; those are die Münze and der Geldschein. Its plural is die Währungen, with an umlaut and -en.
Die Währung in Deutschland ist der Euro.
The currency in Germany is the euro.
Deutschland is Germany and der Euro is the euro. Die Währung is the nominative subject; ist is in position two, and der Euro is a nominative predicate noun after sein.
Viele Länder benutzen den Euro als Währung.
Many countries use the euro as their currency.
viele Länder means many countries, benutzen means to use, and als means as. Die Währung is accusative after als in this comparison; the finite verb benutzen stands in position two.
Die Preise werden in dieser Währung angegeben.
The prices are given in this currency.
die Preise means the prices and angegeben werden means are given or stated. In dieser Währung is dative because it describes the fixed context or location of the information; the passive verb phrase puts angegeben at the end.
Die Stabilität der Währung ist für die Wirtschaft wichtig.
The stability of the currency is important for the economy.
die Stabilität means stability, die Wirtschaft means the economy, and wichtig means important. Der Währung is genitive because it identifies whose stability is meant; ist is the finite verb in position two.
Die Währungen dieser Länder sind sehr unterschiedlich.
The currencies of these countries are very different.
dieser Länder means of these countries and unterschiedlich means different. Die Währungen is a plural subject, while dieser Länder is genitive and shows which countries the currencies belong to; the plural verb is sind.

die Zahlung — payment; instalment; payment ​

The noun usually refers to money paid or the act of paying. eine Zahlung leisten is a formal alternative to bezahlen, especially in banking and official writing.
Die Zahlung ist heute fällig.
The payment is due today.
heute means today and fällig means due. Die Zahlung is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist is in position two; fällig comes after sein as a predicative adjective.
Ich ĂĽberweise die Zahlung morgen.
I will transfer the payment tomorrow.
ĂĽberweisen means to transfer money and morgen means tomorrow. Die Zahlung is accusative because ĂĽberweisen takes a direct object, while the finite verb ĂĽberweise stands in position two.
Wir vertrauen der Zahlung nicht.
We do not trust the payment.
vertrauen means to trust and nicht means not. Der Zahlung is dative because the verb vertrauen governs the dative; the feminine dative article is der, not die.
Die Höhe der Zahlung überrascht mich.
The amount of the payment surprises me.
die Höhe means the amount and überraschen means to surprise. Der Zahlung is genitive after die Höhe, expressing the amount of what; the finite verb überrascht remains in position two.
Mehrere Zahlungen fehlen noch.
Several payments are still missing.
mehrere means several, fehlen means are missing, and noch means still. Zahlungen is the plural subject, so it has no final -e or singular article; the plural verb fehlen stands in position two.
Die Bank bestätigt die Zahlung sofort.
The bank confirms the payment immediately.
die Bank is the bank, bestätigen means to confirm, and sofort means immediately. Die Zahlung is accusative as the object of bestätigt, and the finite verb stays in position two.
Die erste Zahlung beträgt 200 Euro.
The first payment is 200 euros.
die erste means the first and betragen means to amount to; Euro is the currency unit. Die Zahlung is nominative as the subject, and beträgt is in position two.
Wir teilen den Preis in drei Zahlungen.
We divide the price into three payments.
teilen means to divide, der Preis is the price, and drei means three. Zahlungen follows in with the accusative here because it expresses the result or arrangement of dividing, while den Preis is accusative after teilen.

der Zins — interest, interest rate; interest earned on savings or investment ​

In everyday banking, Zins often means an interest rate, while Zinsen commonly means interest payments. For a percentage, Zinssatz is also common.
Der Zins ist heute sehr niedrig.
The interest rate is very low today.
heute means today and niedrig means low. Der Zins is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Die Bank senkt den Zins.
The bank is lowering the interest rate.
die Bank means the bank and senken means to lower. Den Zins is accusative because it is the direct object of senken; the finite verb senkt is in position two.
Die Bank hilft dem Zins nicht.
The bank does not help the interest rate.
die Bank means the bank and nicht means not. Dem Zins is dative because helfen takes a dative object, although this sentence is unusual in meaning; the negation nicht comes near the end.
Die Höhe des Zinses entscheidet über den Kredit.
The level of the interest rate determines the loan.
die Höhe means the level or amount, entscheidet means determines, and der Kredit means the loan. Des Zinses is genitive because it specifies the level, and the genitive ending is -es.
Die Zinsen steigen wieder.
Interest rates are rising again.
steigen means to rise and wieder means again. Zinsen is the plural subject, so the verb is plural; remember that the plural has -en, not the singular Zins.
Auf mein Sparkonto bekomme ich kaum Zins.
I receive hardly any interest on my savings account.
mein Sparkonto means my savings account and kaum means hardly any. Zins is used here as an uncountable financial amount without an article; auf takes the accusative for the target of the payment, while bekomme is in position two.
Das Geld wächst durch Zinsen.
The money grows through interest.
das Geld means the money, wächst means grows, and durch means through. Zinsen is plural here because financial interest is commonly discussed as recurring interest payments; durch normally takes the accusative.

der Zuschlag — surcharge, extra charge, additional payment; contract award, acceptance of a bid ​

A Zuschlag is an amount added to another amount, for example for Übergepäck, excess baggage, or Nachtarbeit, night work. In employment contexts, it can also be an extra payment added to a normal wage.
Der Zuschlag für das Gepäck ist zu hoch.
The surcharge for the luggage is too high.
das Gepäck means “luggage”, and zu hoch means “too high”. Der Zuschlag is nominative because it is the subject, and the linking verb ist stands in position two.
Ich bezahle den Zuschlag direkt am Schalter.
I pay the surcharge directly at the counter.
bezahle means “pay”, direkt means “directly”, and der Schalter is the counter or service desk. Den Zuschlag is accusative because bezahlen takes a direct object; am Schalter means “at the counter”.
Mit dem Zuschlag kostet die Fahrt zehn Euro mehr.
With the surcharge, the journey costs ten euros more.
die Fahrt means “the journey”, and zehn Euro mehr means “ten euros more”. Dem Zuschlag is dative because mit always takes dative; the phrase beginning with mit is in position one, so kostet comes directly after it.
Die Höhe des Zuschlags steht auf der Rechnung.
The amount of the surcharge is shown on the bill.
die Höhe means “the amount”, steht auf means “is shown on”, and die Rechnung is the bill or invoice. Des Zuschlags is genitive because it specifies the amount of what; the noun adds -s in the genitive.
Die Zuschläge für Nachtarbeit sind gesetzlich geregelt.
The surcharges for night work are regulated by law.
Nachtarbeit means “night work”, and gesetzlich geregelt means “regulated by law”. Die Zuschläge is nominative plural as the subject, and the plural has an umlaut and -e.
Die Firma hat den Zuschlag fĂĽr den Bau bekommen.
The company was awarded the contract to build it.
die Firma means “the company”, den Bau means “the construction project”, and bekommen means “receive”. Den Zuschlag is accusative after bekommen; in the fixed expression den Zuschlag bekommen, it means being awarded the contract, not receiving a surcharge.
Nach der Ausschreibung erhielt unser Angebot den Zuschlag.
After the tender process, our bid was awarded the contract.
die Ausschreibung is a tender process, unser Angebot is our bid, and erhielt means “received” in the formal sense “was awarded”. Den Zuschlag is accusative as the object of erhielt, while nach der Ausschreibung is a dative phrase because nach takes dative.

ökonomisch — economic; economical; economic, relating to economics ​

In everyday contexts, ökonomisch often means economical or efficient, while in academic contexts it can mean related to economics. For personal spending, sparsam is often more natural than ökonomisch.
Die neue Maschine ist sehr ökonomisch.
The new machine is very economical.
die neue Maschine means the new machine, and sehr means very. Ă–konomisch is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb is in second position.
Wir suchen eine ökonomische Lösung für das Problem.
We are looking for an economical solution to the problem.
eine Lösung means a solution, suchen means to look for, and das Problem means the problem. Eine ökonomische Lösung is the accusative object of suchen, so the adjective takes -e after eine.
Diese Methode ist ökonomischer als die alte.
This method is more economical than the old one.
diese Methode means this method, die alte means the old one, and als means than. Ă–konomischer is the comparative after ist and has no adjective ending because it is predicative.
Das neue System arbeitet am ökonomischsten.
The new system works most economically.
das neue System means the new system, and arbeitet means works. Am ökonomischsten is the adverbial superlative; before a noun, use a form such as der ökonomischste.
Ă–konomische HaushaltsfĂĽhrung spart langfristig Geld.
Economical household management saves money in the long term.
HaushaltsfĂĽhrung means household management, spart means saves, and langfristig means in the long term. Ă–konomische is attributive before a feminine noun with no article, so it takes -e; the finite verb is in second position.
Ă–konomische Entscheidungen sind nicht immer beliebt.
Economic decisions are not always popular.
Entscheidungen means decisions, nicht immer means not always, and beliebt means popular. Ă–konomische Entscheidungen is the plural subject, while beliebt is predicative after sind and has no ending.
Die Regierung diskutiert ökonomische Reformen.
The government is discussing economic reforms.
die Regierung means the government, diskutiert means discusses, and Reformen means reforms. Ă–konomische Reformen is the plural accusative object and takes -e without an article.
Ă–konomische Daten zeigen einen deutlichen Trend.
Economic data show a clear trend.
Daten means data, zeigen means show, deutlich means clear, and Trend means trend. Ă–konomische Daten is the plural subject and takes -e without an article.