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Vocab: Thinking & opinion — B1 (1)
Thinking & opinion vocabulary at B1 level.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
absichtlich — deliberate; intentional
Absichtlich describes an action done on purpose, while versehentlich means accidentally. As an adverb it stays unchanged, but before a noun it takes a normal adjective ending.
Er hat mich absichtlich ignoriert.
He ignored me deliberately.
ignoriert means ignored, and mich means me. Absichtlich is used adverbially here, so it has no adjective ending; hat is in position two and the Partizip II ignoriert goes to the end.
Sie machte einen absichtlichen Fehler.
She made a deliberate mistake.
machen means make and der Fehler means the mistake. Einen absichtlichen Fehler is accusative because machen takes an accusative object, and the adjective has -en after the masculine accusative article einen.
Sein Schweigen war absichtlicher als ihr Fehler.
His silence was more deliberate than her mistake.
sein Schweigen means his silence, mehr deliberate is expressed by absichtlicher, and ihr Fehler means her mistake. The comparative is followed by als when two things are compared; war stands in position two.
Das war die absichtlichste Entscheidung des Tages.
That was the most deliberate decision of the day.
die Entscheidung means the decision and des Tages means of the day. Before the feminine noun, the superlative is absichtlichste, not am absichtlichsten; des Tages is genitive because it identifies the day belonging to the decision.
alternativ — alternative, unconventional
Alternativ often means different from the usual or traditional option, not simply “another” in every context. It can describe a choice, method, lifestyle, or form of medicine.
Die Idee ist alternativ.
The idea is alternative or unconventional.
die Idee means the idea. Alternativ stands after ist, so it is predicative and has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Sie sucht eine alternative Wohnung.
She is looking for an alternative place to live.
sie sucht means she is looking for, and eine Wohnung means an apartment or place to live. Eine alternative Wohnung is accusative because suchen takes an accusative object; after the indefinite article in the feminine accusative, the adjective has the ending -e.
Diese Lösung ist alternativer als die alte.
This solution is more unconventional than the old one.
diese Lösung means this solution, and die alte means the old one. The comparative alternativer is followed by als; after ist, the adjective is predicative and therefore has no additional ending.
Das ist die am alternativsten wirkende Idee.
That is the most unconventional-looking idea.
die wirkende Idee means the idea that appears or seems a certain way. Am alternativsten is a superlative adverb modifying wirkende; it does not take an adjective ending here because it is the am-form.
analysieren — to analyse, to examine systematically
analysieren is a regular weak verb and takes an accusative object: etwas analysieren. Like other verbs ending in -ieren, it forms the Partizip II without ge-: analysiert, with the perfect auxiliary haben.
Die Studentin analysiert den Text.
The student is analysing the text.
die Studentin means the female student and der Text means the text. den Text is accusative because analysieren takes the thing examined as an accusative object; the finite verb analysiert stands in position two.
Die Studentin hat den Text analysiert.
The student has analysed the text.
die Studentin means the female student and den Text means the text. The perfect uses hat ... analysiert; because analysieren ends in -ieren, its Partizip II has no ge-, and it goes to the end.
Die Studentin analysierte den Text gestern.
The student analysed the text yesterday.
die Studentin means the female student, den Text means the text, and gestern means yesterday. analysierte is the regular preterite in position two, while den Text is accusative as the object.
Analysiere den Text genau!
Analyse the text carefully!
den Text means the text and genau means carefully or precisely. analysiere is the informal singular imperative; the accusative object follows it, and the subject du is normally left out.
Er analysierte den Fehler genauer.
He would analyse the error more closely.
er means he, der Fehler means the error, and genauer means more closely. den Fehler is accusative because it is the object; in this regular verb, the Konjunktiv II form analysierte looks like the preterite.
Das Team wird die Ergebnisse analysieren.
The team will analyse the results.
das Team means the team and die Ergebnisse means the results. Future tense puts wird in position two and the infinitive analysieren at the end; die Ergebnisse is accusative as the object.
angeblich — alleged, supposed
Angeblich signals distance or doubt: the speaker reports a claim without confirming it. It can be used before a noun as der angebliche Täter or predicatively as Er ist angeblich krank.
Der Mann ist angeblich ein Arzt.
The man is allegedly a doctor.
der Mann means the man, and ein Arzt means a doctor. Angeblich is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Die Polizei sucht den angeblichen Täter.
The police are looking for the alleged offender.
die Polizei means the police, sucht means is looking for, and der Täter is the offender. Den angeblichen Täter is accusative because suchen takes a direct object, so angeblich gets the ending -en after den.
Seine Geschichte klingt angeblich glaubwürdig.
His story supposedly sounds credible.
seine Geschichte means his story, and glaubwürdig means credible. This sentence uses angeblich as an adverb-like predicative word; it normally is not compared, so the comparative slot is not a natural form.
Der Bericht enthält die angeblich wichtigsten Fakten.
The report contains the supposedly most important facts.
der Bericht means the report, enthält means contains, and die wichtigsten Fakten means the most important facts. Here angeblich modifies the superlative phrase but does not itself take a superlative ending; die Fakten is accusative after enthält.
angeblich — allegedly, supposedly, apparently
As an adverb, angeblich can modify a whole statement or a particular adjective. It does not change form: do not add an adjective ending when it is used adverbially.
Er ist angeblich krank.
He is allegedly ill.
krank means ill. Angeblich is an adverb and therefore does not take an adjective ending; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Angeblich hat sie den Brief nie bekommen.
Apparently, she never received the letter.
den Brief means the letter, nie means never, and bekommen means received. At the start of the sentence, angeblich occupies position one, so hat comes in position two; bekommen goes to the end in the perfect tense.
angemessen — appropriate, suitable, reasonable
angemessen describes something that fits a situation or is fair in amount, price, or behaviour. It is often used for prices, reactions, punishments, and other things judged suitable.
Das ist angemessen.
That is appropriate.
Das means that, and angemessen means suitable or appropriate. After the linking verb ist, the adjective is predicative and has no ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir brauchen eine angemessene Lösung.
We need an appropriate solution.
brauchen means need, and eine Lösung means a solution. eine angemessene Lösung is accusative because brauchen takes a direct object, and the adjective takes -e after eine.
Diese Lösung ist angemessener als die alte.
This solution is more appropriate than the old one.
diese Lösung means this solution, and die alte means the old one. angemessener is a predicative comparative after ist, so it has no ending; als introduces the comparison.
Das ist die angemessenste Antwort auf die Frage.
That is the most appropriate answer to the question.
die Antwort means the answer, and die Frage means the question. die angemessenste Antwort is nominative after ist, and the adjective takes -ste plus the ending -e; auf die Frage is accusative because it expresses the target of the answer.
die Annahme — assumption; acceptance; acceptance
The most common meaning is an assumption: an idea accepted as true without complete proof. It can also mean acceptance, especially of an offer or responsibility; the context makes the meaning clear.
Die Annahme war falsch.
The assumption was wrong.
war means was, and falsch means wrong. Die Annahme is the nominative subject; the finite verb war stands in position two.
Ich überprüfe die Annahme.
I am checking the assumption.
überprüfe means check or verify. Die Annahme is accusative because überprüfen takes a direct object, and the finite verb überprüfe stands in position two.
Wir folgen der Annahme.
We follow the assumption.
folgen means follow, and wir means we. Der Annahme is dative because folgen governs the dative; the finite verb folgen stands in position two.
Die Folgen der Annahme sind schwerwiegend.
The consequences of the assumption are serious.
die Folgen means the consequences, sind means are, and schwerwiegend means serious. Der Annahme is genitive because it identifies whose consequences they are; the finite verb sind stands in position two.
Mehrere Annahmen waren notwendig.
Several assumptions were necessary.
mehrere means several, waren means were, and notwendig means necessary. Annahmen is plural and nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb waren stands in position two.
Die Annahme des Angebots dauerte nur einen Tag.
The acceptance of the offer took only one day.
des Angebots means of the offer, dauerte means took or lasted, and nur einen Tag means only one day. Des Angebots is genitive after the noun Annahme; the finite verb dauerte stands in position two.
Vielen Dank für die Annahme meiner Einladung.
Many thanks for accepting my invitation.
Vielen Dank means many thanks, für means for, and meiner Einladung means of my invitation. Die Annahme is accusative after für, while meiner Einladung is genitive and explains what was accepted.
die Anregung — suggestion, idea, stimulus
Anregung often means a practical suggestion, but it can also mean an impulse that stimulates thought or activity. For a direct suggestion, Vorschlag is often a close synonym.
Die Anregung hilft uns bei der Planung.
The suggestion helps us with the planning.
hilft means helps, uns means us, and die Planung means the planning. Die Anregung is nominative because it is the subject; bei der Planung uses the dative after bei.
Ich finde die Anregung sehr hilfreich.
I find the suggestion very helpful.
ich finde means I find and sehr hilfreich means very helpful. Die Anregung is accusative because finden takes a direct object; the finite verb finde stands in position two.
Wir danken ihr für die Anregung.
We thank her for the suggestion.
wir danken ihr means we thank her, and für means for. Ihr is dative because danken takes the dative person, while die Anregung is accusative after für.
Die Wirkung der Anregung war überraschend stark.
The effect of the suggestion was surprisingly strong.
die Wirkung means the effect, überraschend means surprisingly, and stark means strong. Der Anregung is genitive because it identifies the suggestion whose effect is meant; the finite verb war stands in position two.
Ihre Anregungen waren sehr nützlich.
Her suggestions were very useful.
ihre means her, waren means were, and nützlich means useful. Anregungen is a plural subject and therefore takes waren; the plural ending is -en.
Der Kurs gibt mir viele Anregungen für den Alltag.
The course gives me many ideas for everyday life.
der Kurs means the course, gibt means gives, and der Alltag means everyday life. Mir is dative for the receiver, while viele Anregungen is accusative for what is given.
Hast du eine Anregung für unser nächstes Treffen?
Do you have a suggestion for our next meeting?
hast du means do you have, unser nächstes Treffen means our next meeting, and für means for. In a yes-no question, the finite verb hast comes first; eine Anregung is accusative as the thing someone has.
der Anstoß — impetus, stimulus; kick-off; collision
The meaning depends strongly on context: den Anstoß geben means to provide an impulse, while in football der Anstoß is the kick-off. In the fixed phrase Anstoß nehmen an, the person takes offence at something, and an governs the dative here.
Der Anstoß kam von meiner Kollegin.
The impetus came from my colleague.
kam means came and meine Kollegin means my female colleague. Der Anstoß is nominative because it is the subject; von meiner Kollegin is dative because von governs the dative.
Der Vorschlag gab den Anstoß für die Diskussion.
The suggestion provided the stimulus for the discussion.
der Vorschlag means the suggestion and die Diskussion means the discussion. den Anstoß is accusative because geben takes it as its direct object; für die Diskussion is also accusative after für.
Mit dem Anstoß begann das Projekt.
The project began with the impetus.
mit means with and begann means began; das Projekt is the project. dem Anstoß is dative because mit always governs the dative, and the verb remains in position two.
Die Bedeutung des Anstoßes war zunächst unklar.
The meaning of the stimulus was initially unclear.
die Bedeutung means the meaning, zunächst means initially, and unklar means unclear. des Anstoßes is genitive because it identifies the stimulus whose meaning is being discussed.
Mehrere Anstöße führten zu neuen Ideen.
Several impulses led to new ideas.
mehrere means several, führten means led, and neue Ideen means new ideas. Mehrere Anstöße is nominative plural as the subject; zu neuen Ideen is dative after zu.
Der Schiedsrichter gab den Anstoß.
The referee took the kick-off.
der Schiedsrichter means the referee, and gab den Anstoß means took or made the kick-off. den Anstoß is accusative because geben takes a direct object; in football, the phrase refers to starting play.
das Anzeichen — sign, indication, symptom
In medical contexts, Anzeichen can mean a symptom or sign of an illness. The phrase ein Anzeichen für takes für with the accusative.
Das Anzeichen ist eindeutig.
The sign is unmistakable.
eindeutig means unmistakable or clear. Das Anzeichen is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir erkennen ein Anzeichen von Stress.
We recognise a sign of stress.
erkennen means to recognise, and Stress means stress. Ein Anzeichen is accusative because it is the direct object of erkennen; the phrase von Stress uses von with the dative.
Bei einem Anzeichen von Gefahr rufen Sie sofort an.
At the first sign of danger, call immediately.
bei means at or in the event of, Gefahr means danger, and sofort means immediately. Einem Anzeichen is dative because bei requires the dative; rufen Sie an is a polite imperative with the separable prefix an at the end.
Die Bedeutung des Anzeichens war unklar.
The meaning of the sign was unclear.
die Bedeutung means the meaning, unklar means unclear, and war means was. Des Anzeichens is genitive because it specifies the meaning of what; the finite verb war stands in position two.
Die Anzeichen einer Krankheit waren deutlich.
The signs of an illness were clear.
einer Krankheit means of an illness, and deutlich means clear or noticeable. Anzeichen is plural because the article is die; einer Krankheit is genitive because it identifies what the signs indicate.
die Auffassung — opinion, view; understanding, interpretation
The fixed phrase meiner Auffassung nach means in my opinion. Do not confuse Auffassung with Aufmerksamkeit: the first is a view or understanding, while the second is attention.
Die Auffassung ist in unserer Gruppe weit verbreitet.
This view is widespread in our group.
weit verbreitet means widespread and unsere Gruppe means our group. Die Auffassung is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich teile die Auffassung meiner Kollegin.
I share my colleague's view.
teilen means share and meine Kollegin means my female colleague. Die Auffassung is accusative because teilen takes a direct object; meiner Kollegin is genitive and means of my colleague.
Ich kann der Auffassung nicht zustimmen.
I cannot agree with this view.
zustimmen means agree with and nicht means not. Der Auffassung is dative because zustimmen requires a dative object; the separable prefix in zustimmen is not separated, because this verb is not separable.
Die Gründe der Auffassung sind schwer zu verstehen.
The reasons for this view are difficult to understand.
die Gründe means the reasons and schwer zu verstehen means difficult to understand. Der Auffassung is genitive because it identifies the view connected with the reasons; sind is the finite verb in position two.
Unterschiedliche Auffassungen treffen hier aufeinander.
Different views meet here.
unterschiedlich means different and aufeinandertreffen means meet or clash. Auffassungen is the plural subject, and treffen is plural; the phrase hier aufeinander means meet here.
Ihre Auffassung der Situation war sehr klar.
Her understanding of the situation was very clear.
ihre means her, die Situation means the situation, and klar means clear. Ihre Auffassung is nominative because it is the subject; der Situation is genitive and means of the situation.
Seine Auffassung von Gerechtigkeit ist ungewöhnlich.
His understanding of justice is unusual.
seine means his, die Gerechtigkeit means justice, and ungewöhnlich means unusual. Seine Auffassung is the nominative subject, while von Gerechtigkeit uses von with the dative to show the subject being understood or interpreted.
ausblenden — to hide, to block out, to fade out
This separable verb takes an accusative object: etwas ausblenden. In technology, it often means hiding an element on a screen; for bringing something onto the screen, use einblenden.
Die App blendet störende Werbung aus.
The app blocks out annoying adverts.
die App is an app and störende Werbung means annoying adverts. Werbung is accusative because ausblenden takes a direct object; the finite part blendet is in position two and aus goes to the end.
Die App hat störende Werbung ausgeblendet.
The app has blocked out annoying adverts.
hat means has, and störende Werbung means annoying adverts. Ausgeblendet is the Partizip II and goes to the end with haben; the object is accusative after ausblenden.
Die App blendete die Werbung aus.
The app blocked out the adverts.
die Werbung means the adverts. The weak past form blendete is in position two, while the separable prefix aus goes to the end; die Werbung is accusative as the direct object.
Blende bitte die Werbung aus.
Please block out the adverts.
bitte means please, and die Werbung means the adverts. This is the du imperative: blende comes first and aus goes to the end; the object is accusative.
Ich würde die Werbung ausblenden, wenn sie zu laut wäre.
I would block out the adverts if they were too loud.
würde means would, wenn means if, and zu laut means too loud. In the würde construction, ausblenden stays whole at the end of the main clause; die Werbung is accusative.
Die neue Funktion wird die Werbung ausblenden.
The new function will block out the adverts.
die neue Funktion means the new function. Wird is the finite future auxiliary in position two, and the whole infinitive ausblenden goes to the end; die Werbung is accusative.
die Auseinandersetzung — dispute, argument; engagement with an issue
The noun can mean a quarrel or a serious examination of a topic. The second meaning is often used with mit: eine Auseinandersetzung mit einem Thema.
Die Auseinandersetzung beginnt heute.
The dispute begins today.
beginnt means begins and heute means today. Die Auseinandersetzung is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Ich vermeide die Auseinandersetzung.
I avoid the dispute.
vermeide means avoid. Die Auseinandersetzung is accusative because vermeiden takes a direct object; the finite verb remains in position two.
Nach der Auseinandersetzung sprechen sie wieder miteinander.
After the dispute, they speak to each other again.
nach means after, sprechen means speak, wieder means again, and miteinander means with each other. Nach governs the dative, so the feminine article is der; the verb comes second after the fronted phrase.
Die Folgen der Auseinandersetzung waren schwer.
The consequences of the dispute were serious.
die Folgen means consequences and schwer means serious or severe. Der Auseinandersetzung is genitive because it identifies whose consequences they were; the finite verb waren is in position two.
Viele Auseinandersetzungen enden ohne Lösung.
Many disputes end without a solution.
viele means many, enden means end, ohne means without, and die Lösung means solution. Viele Auseinandersetzungen is plural nominative as the subject, and ohne Lösung is an accusative phrase after ohne.
außergewöhnlich — extraordinary, unusual, exceptional
Außergewöhnlich can mean positively special or simply far from normal, depending on context. Its comparison is regular: außergewöhnlich, außergewöhnlicher, am außergewöhnlichsten.
Seine Geschichte ist außergewöhnlich.
His story is extraordinary.
seine Geschichte means his story. Außergewöhnlich is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Sie hat eine außergewöhnliche Stimme.
She has an extraordinary voice.
eine Stimme means a voice, and hat means has. Eine außergewöhnliche Stimme is accusative because haben takes a direct object; the adjective has -e after the indefinite article in feminine accusative.
Dieses Konzert war außergewöhnlicher als das letzte.
This concert was more extraordinary than the last one.
dieses Konzert means this concert, and das letzte means the last one. Außergewöhnlicher compares two things and is followed by als; after war, the adjective is predicative and has no case ending.
Das war der außergewöhnlichste Moment meines Lebens.
That was the most extraordinary moment of my life.
der Moment means the moment, and meines Lebens means of my life. Der außergewöhnlichste Moment is nominative after war, and the superlative before a noun takes the adjective ending -e here; meines Lebens is genitive possession.
das Bedenken — concern; reservation; objection
Das Bedenken is countable, but its singular and plural are spelled alike: das Bedenken, die Bedenken. Do not confuse the capitalized noun Bedenken with the lowercase verb bedenken.
Bedenken gegen den Plan sind verständlich.
Concerns about the plan are understandable.
gegen den Plan means “about the plan” or literally “against the plan”, and verständlich means “understandable”. Bedenken is the plural subject, so it is nominative; the verb sind shows the plural even though the noun has no plural ending.
Ich habe Bedenken gegen diese Lösung.
I have reservations about this solution.
diese Lösung means “this solution”. Bedenken is accusative after haben, while gegen also forces the accusative in gegen diese Lösung; the unchanged noun can look like a nominative plural.
Bei Bedenken sprechen Sie bitte mit der Leitung.
If you have concerns, please speak to the management.
bei means “in the case of”, bitte means “please”, and die Leitung means “the management”. Bedenken is dative plural after bei; the noun has no visible ending, so the preposition is the important clue.
Die Gründe des Bedenkens sind nicht klar.
The reasons for the concern are not clear.
die Gründe means “the reasons” and klar means “clear”. Des Bedenkens is genitive singular after die Gründe to show whose reasons they are; the noun adds -s in this case.
Die Bedenken der Nachbarn wurden ernst genommen.
The neighbours’ concerns were taken seriously.
die Nachbarn means “the neighbours”, and ernst genommen means “taken seriously”. Bedenken is plural and nominative as the subject of the passive clause; the noun has the same spelling in singular and plural.
bedenken — to consider; to take into account; to provide someone with; to favour someone with
Bedenken is a mixed verb: bedenken – bedachte – hat bedacht. It takes an accusative object and is different from the noun das Bedenken, “concern” or “reservation”.
Sie bedenkt alle möglichen Folgen.
She considers all possible consequences.
alle möglichen Folgen means “all possible consequences”. This phrase is accusative because bedenken takes a direct object, and the finite verb bedenkt stands in position two.
Wir haben die Kosten genau bedacht.
We carefully considered the costs.
die Kosten means “the costs” and genau means “carefully” or “exactly”. The perfect uses haben with bedacht at the end; die Kosten is accusative as the object.
Er bedachte die möglichen Risiken.
He considered the possible risks.
mögliche Risiken means “possible risks”. The irregular past form bedachte is in position two, and the object is accusative because it is what he considered.
Bedenke die Folgen!
Consider the consequences!
die Folgen means “the consequences”. The singular imperative bedenke addresses one person, and die Folgen is accusative as the direct object.
Ich würde die Nachteile bedenken.
I would consider the disadvantages.
die Nachteile means “the disadvantages”. Würde ... bedenken expresses a hypothetical action, with the infinitive at the end; the object is accusative.
Sie wird auch die Umwelt bedenken.
She will also take the environment into account.
auch means “also”, and die Umwelt means “the environment”. Wird is in position two and bedenken goes to the end; die Umwelt is accusative.
Die Firma bedachte ihre Mitarbeiter mit einem Bonus.
The company gave its employees a bonus.
die Firma means “the company”, ihre Mitarbeiter means “its employees”, and ein Bonus means “a bonus”. The recipients are dative after this use of bedenken, while einen Bonus is accusative; the past verb is bedachte.
Der Verein hat die Helfer mit einem Essen bedacht.
The association treated the helpers to a meal.
der Verein means “the association”, die Helfer means “the helpers”, and ein Essen means “a meal”. Die Helfer are the recipients, and mit forces dative in mit einem Essen; the perfect uses hat ... bedacht.
bedenklich — worrying; concerning; questionable; questionable; dubious
Bedenklich can describe something that causes concern or seems questionable. It is the opposite of unbedenklich, “safe” or “not a cause for concern”, and it compares regularly.
Die Situation ist bedenklich.
The situation is worrying.
die Situation means “the situation”. Bedenklich stands after the linking verb ist as a predicative adjective, so it has no ending; the sentence is a normal verb-second statement.
Das ist eine bedenkliche Entwicklung.
That is a worrying development.
eine Entwicklung means “a development”. Because bedenkliche stands before the feminine noun after eine, it takes the adjective ending -e; ist is the finite verb in position two.
Der neue Plan ist bedenklicher als der alte.
The new plan is more worrying than the old one.
der neue Plan means “the new plan”, der alte means “the old one”, and als means “than”. The predicative comparative bedenklicher has no adjective ending, and als introduces the comparison.
Diese Lösung ist am bedenklichsten.
This solution is the most worrying.
diese Lösung means “this solution”. The predicative superlative uses am bedenklichsten; am is part of the superlative construction, not a separate preposition here.
Sein Verhalten ist bedenklich.
His behaviour is questionable.
sein Verhalten means “his behaviour”. Bedenklich is predicative after ist, so it does not take an adjective ending; here it means morally or practically questionable, not simply physically dangerous.
Die Studie enthält einige bedenkliche Aussagen.
The study contains some questionable statements.
die Studie means “the study”, einige means “some”, and Aussagen means “statements”. Bedenkliche Aussagen is the accusative object of enthält, and the adjective takes -e after einige in this plural phrase.
bedeutend — important, significant, influential
bedeutend is stronger than simply “large” or “noticeable”: it describes something important or influential. Its comparative and superlative are regular: bedeutender, am bedeutendsten.
Diese Entdeckung ist bedeutend.
This discovery is significant.
diese Entdeckung means “this discovery,” and Entdeckung is “discovery.” The adjective is predicative after ist, so it has no ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Sie spielte eine bedeutende Rolle in der Geschichte.
She played an important role in history.
spielte means “played,” eine Rolle is “a role,” and in der Geschichte means “in history.” eine bedeutende Rolle is accusative because spielen takes an accusative object, and the adjective has -e after the feminine article eine.
Dieser Preis ist bedeutender als der andere.
This prize is more important than the other one.
dieser Preis means “this prize,” and der andere means “the other one.” The comparative is followed by als for the comparison; after ist, bedeutender is predicative and therefore has no adjective ending.
Das war der bedeutendste Moment meines Lebens.
That was the most important moment of my life.
der Moment means “the moment,” and meines Lebens means “of my life.” The superlative stands before the masculine noun with the definite article, so it takes -ste; meines Lebens is genitive because it identifies whose life is meant.
die Bedingung — condition, requirement; terms, conditions
A Bedingung can be a requirement for an action, while the plural Bedingungen also commonly means the terms of a contract or loan. Do not confuse it with die Bedingtheit, which is a more abstract word for dependence on conditions.
Die Bedingung ist leicht zu verstehen.
The condition is easy to understand.
leicht means easy and zu verstehen means to understand. Die Bedingung is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir müssen diese Bedingung erfüllen.
We have to meet this condition.
müssen means have to and erfüllen means fulfil or meet. Diese Bedingung is accusative because erfüllen takes a direct object; müssen is in position two and erfüllen goes to the end.
Unter dieser Bedingung stimme ich zu.
On this condition, I agree.
unter means under or on, dieser means this, and stimme ich zu means I agree. Here dieser Bedingung is dative because unter describes a situation rather than a direction; the separable verb zustimmen appears as stimme ... zu.
Wegen der Bedingung konnte er nicht teilnehmen.
Because of the condition, he could not take part.
wegen means because of, konnte means could, and teilnehmen means take part. Der Bedingung is genitive because wegen traditionally governs the genitive; konnte is in position two and teilnehmen goes to the end.
Die Bedingungen für den Kredit sind streng.
The conditions for the loan are strict.
für den Kredit means for the loan, and streng means strict. Bedingungen is plural, so the verb is sind; für takes the accusative, shown by den Kredit.
Die Firma bietet gute Bedingungen für ihre Mitarbeiter.
The company offers good conditions for its employees.
die Firma is the company, bietet means offers, and ihre Mitarbeiter means its employees. Bedingungen is accusative as the object of bietet, while für forces the accusative in für ihre Mitarbeiter.
Wir haben die Bedingungen des Vertrags genau gelesen.
We read the terms of the contract carefully.
der Vertrag is the contract and genau means carefully or exactly. Bedingungen is accusative because it is the object of gelesen; des Vertrags is genitive because it specifies which conditions.
befassen — to deal with, to study
This verb is normally used reflexively as sich befassen mit plus a dative topic. The reflexive pronoun is accusative: mich, dich, sich, and so on.
Die Studentin befasst sich mit deutscher Geschichte.
The student is studying German history.
die Studentin is the female student and deutsche Geschichte means German history. Sich is the accusative reflexive pronoun, while mit deutscher Geschichte is dative because mit always takes the dative; the finite verb is in position two.
Der Bericht hat sich ausführlich mit dem Problem befasst.
The report dealt with the problem in detail.
der Bericht is the report, ausführlich means in detail, and das Problem is the problem. Sich is the reflexive object, while mit dem Problem is dative after mit; hat is in position two and befasst closes the perfect tense.
Der Ausschuss befasste sich mit dem Gesetz.
The committee dealt with the law.
der Ausschuss is the committee and das Gesetz is the law. Sich is accusative as the reflexive object, and mit dem Gesetz is dative after mit; the regular past form befasste stands in position two.
Befass dich zuerst mit den Grundlagen.
First deal with the basics.
zuerst means first and die Grundlagen are the basics or fundamentals. This informal imperative uses dich, not sich, and mit den Grundlagen is dative after mit.
Ich würde mich gern mit diesem Thema befassen.
I would like to deal with this topic.
gern means gladly or would like to, and dieses Thema is this topic. Mich is the accusative reflexive pronoun for ich, while mit diesem Thema is dative; befassen remains at the end after würde.
Die Kommission wird sich mit dem Vorschlag befassen.
The commission will consider the proposal.
die Kommission is the commission and der Vorschlag is the proposal. Sich is accusative, while mit dem Vorschlag is dative after mit; wird is in position two and befassen goes to the end.
begreifen — to understand, to grasp; to realize, to grasp the significance of
Begreifen means understanding something mentally, not physically taking hold of it. It is a strong verb with begriff and begriffen, and its perfect uses haben.
Ich begreife die Erklärung jetzt.
I understand the explanation now.
die Erklärung means “the explanation”, and jetzt means “now”. Die Erklärung is accusative because begreifen takes a direct object, and the finite verb begreife stands in position two.
Wir haben den schwierigen Text endlich begriffen.
We have finally understood the difficult text.
wir means “we”, schwierig means “difficult”, Text means “text”, and endlich means “finally”. Den schwierigen Text is accusative because it is the object of begreifen; haben is in position two and begriffen goes to the end.
Sie begriff den Grund sofort.
She understood the reason immediately.
sie means “she”, der Grund means “the reason”, and sofort means “immediately”. Den Grund is accusative because begreifen takes an accusative object, and the strong past form begriff is the finite verb in position two.
Begreif bitte diese Regel!
Please understand this rule!
bitte means “please”, diese Regel means “this rule”, and Regel means “rule”. Begreif is the informal singular imperative for du, and diese Regel is accusative because it is the object.
Wenn ich das Problem besser begreifen würde, könnte ich helfen.
If I understood the problem better, I could help.
wenn means “if”, das Problem means “the problem”, besser means “better”, and helfen means “to help”. The subordinate clause puts würde at the end, while begreifen stays before it in the replacement form begreifen würde; das Problem is accusative.
Du wirst den Zusammenhang bald begreifen.
You will soon understand the connection.
du means “you”, der Zusammenhang means “the connection”, and bald means “soon”. Den Zusammenhang is accusative because it is the object; wirst stands in position two and the infinitive begreifen goes to the end.
Er begreift die Folgen seiner Entscheidung noch nicht.
He still does not understand the consequences of his decision.
er means “he”, die Folgen means “the consequences”, seine Entscheidung means “his decision”, and noch nicht means “not yet”. Die Folgen is accusative because it is the object of begreifen, while seiner Entscheidung is genitive inside the possessive phrase; the finite verb begreift is in position two.
Jetzt begreife ich, warum sie gegangen ist.
Now I realize why she left.
warum means “why”, gegangen means “gone”, and ist means “has” here in the perfect of movement verb gehen. The main-clause verb begreife is in position two, and the subordinate clause beginning with warum sends its finite verb ist to the end.
die Begründung — reason, justification
A Begründung supports an opinion or decision; it is more than a short answer because it gives the reason behind something. Do not confuse it with Grund, which usually means the reason itself rather than the explanation presenting it.
Die Begründung ist überzeugend.
The justification is convincing.
überzeugend means “convincing”. Die Begründung is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two; überzeugend is a predicative adjective and has no ending.
Ich lese die Begründung des Urteils.
I am reading the reasoning behind the judgment.
lese means “am reading”, and das Urteil means “the judgment”. Die Begründung is accusative because lesen takes a direct object; des Urteils is genitive and means “of the judgment”.
Der Lehrer hilft dem Schüler bei der Begründung.
The teacher helps the pupil with the justification.
der Lehrer is “the teacher”, hilft means “helps”, and der Schüler is “the pupil”. Helfen takes a dative person, so dem Schüler is dative; bei also takes the dative, giving bei der Begründung.
Die Qualität der Begründung ist wichtig.
The quality of the justification is important.
die Qualität means “the quality”, and wichtig means “important”. Der Begründung is genitive after die Qualität to show what kind of quality; the whole phrase Die Qualität der Begründung is the nominative subject.
Gute Begründungen helfen bei einer Diskussion.
Good reasons help in a discussion.
gute means “good”, helfen means “help”, and eine Diskussion means “a discussion”. Gute Begründungen is nominative plural as the subject; bei forces the dative, so einer Diskussion is dative feminine.
behaupten — to claim; to assert
Behaupten often suggests that the speaker doubts or questions the statement. It can take an accusative object, as in etwas behaupten, or introduce a clause with dass.
Er behauptet, er habe nichts gesehen.
He claims that he saw nothing.
er means he, nichts means nothing, and gesehen means seen. The verb behauptet stands in position two; the following clause gives the claimed information, and habe is a formal Konjunktiv I form.
Sie hat das Gegenteil behauptet.
She claimed the opposite.
sie means she, das Gegenteil is the opposite, and hat means has here. Das Gegenteil is accusative as the direct object; hat stands in position two and behauptet goes to the end with haben.
Der Zeuge behauptete, er kenne den Mann nicht.
The witness claimed that he did not know the man.
der Zeuge is the witness, kenne means know in a reported-statement form, and der Mann is the man. Behauptete is the regular simple-past form in position two; the following clause reports the claim, and den Mann is accusative after kennen.
Behaupte nicht, dass du das nicht gewusst hast!
Don’t claim that you didn’t know that!
nicht means not, gewusst means known, and hast means have. The imperative Behaupte stands first; the dass clause sends its finite verb hast to the end, and dass introduces the content of the claim.
Ich würde das nicht behaupten.
I would not claim that.
nicht means not, and das means that or it in this sentence. Das is accusative as the thing claimed; würde carries the Konjunktiv II meaning and behaupten stays at the end.
Die Zeitung wird morgen etwas Neues behaupten.
The newspaper will claim something new tomorrow.
die Zeitung is the newspaper, morgen means tomorrow, and etwas Neues means something new. Etwas Neues is accusative as the direct object; wird stands in position two and the infinitive behaupten goes to the end.
die Behauptung — claim; assertion
Die Behauptung is a statement someone presents as true. It is often used when the speaker is not sure that the statement is correct; the plural is die Behauptungen.
Die Behauptung ist nicht bewiesen.
The claim has not been proven.
bewiesen means proven, and nicht means not. Die Behauptung is nominative because it is the subject; the adjective bewiesen follows ist in the predicate, and ist stands in position two.
Der Journalist prüft die Behauptung.
The journalist checks the claim.
der Journalist is the journalist, and prüft means checks or examines. Die Behauptung is accusative because it is the direct object of prüfen; the finite verb prüft stands in position two.
Die Polizei widerspricht der Behauptung.
The police contradict the claim.
die Polizei is the police, and widerspricht means contradicts. Der Behauptung is dative because widersprechen requires a dative object; the finite verb widerspricht is in position two.
Die Quelle der Behauptung ist unbekannt.
The source of the claim is unknown.
die Quelle is the source, and unbekannt means unknown. Der Behauptung is genitive because it identifies the claim belonging to the source; the whole phrase Die Quelle der Behauptung is the subject.
Solche Behauptungen verbreiten sich schnell.
Claims like that spread quickly.
solche means such, verbreiten means spread, and schnell means quickly. Behauptungen is a plural nominative subject, while sich verbreiten means spread; the plural verb verbreiten stands in position two.
berücksichtigen — to take into account, to consider
Berücksichtigen is a formal or neutral way to say that you consider something before deciding or acting. It takes an accusative object and is not separable, despite its initial syllable be-.
Wir berücksichtigen alle wichtigen Informationen.
We take all important information into account.
Alle wichtigen Informationen means all important information. The plural object is accusative because berücksichtigen takes a direct object; the finite verb berücksichtigen stands in position two.
Wir haben die Kosten berücksichtigt.
We took the costs into account.
Die Kosten means the costs. Die Kosten is accusative because it is the direct object; haben is the auxiliary and berücksichtigt goes to the end.
Sie berücksichtigte den Rat ihrer Kollegin.
She took her colleague’s advice into account.
Den Rat means the advice, and ihrer Kollegin means of her female colleague. Den Rat is accusative as the object, while ihrer Kollegin is genitive and shows whose advice it is; berücksichtigte is in position two.
Berücksichtige bitte meine Wünsche.
Please take my wishes into account.
Bitte means please, and meine Wünsche means my wishes. The command uses berücksichtige; meine Wünsche is accusative because it is the direct object.
Er würde die Erfahrungen der anderen berücksichtigen.
He would take the experiences of the others into account.
Die Erfahrungen means the experiences, and der anderen means of the others. Die Erfahrungen is accusative as the object, while der anderen is genitive; würde marks the hypothetical meaning and berücksichtigen goes to the end.
Der Plan wird die Bedürfnisse der Familien berücksichtigen.
The plan will take the families’ needs into account.
Der Plan means the plan, die Bedürfnisse means the needs, and der Familien means of the families. Die Bedürfnisse is accusative as the object, while der Familien is genitive; wird is in position two and berücksichtigen stands at the end.
beschließen — to decide, to resolve, to approve; to decide to do something
For an official decision, beschließen is often used with eine Entscheidung or a plan, law, or proposal. It is a strong verb: beschließen – beschloss – hat beschlossen.
Der Stadtrat beschließt heute den neuen Plan.
The city council is deciding on the new plan today.
der Stadtrat means the city council, and der neue Plan means the new plan. Den neuen Plan is accusative because beschließen takes a direct object, and the finite verb beschließt stands in position two.
Wir haben gestern eine wichtige Änderung beschlossen.
We decided on an important change yesterday.
gestern means yesterday, and eine wichtige Änderung means an important change. The perfect uses haben plus beschlossen at the end; eine wichtige Änderung is accusative as the object of beschließen.
Der Ausschuss beschloss den Antrag nach langer Diskussion.
The committee approved the motion after a long discussion.
der Ausschuss is the committee, der Antrag is the motion, and lange Diskussion means long discussion. The simple-past form beschloss is in position two, while den Antrag is accusative because it is the object.
Beschließ endlich, was du willst.
Finally decide what you want.
endlich means finally, and was du willst means what you want. The imperative beschließ stands first; in the subordinate clause, the finite verb willst goes to the end.
Ich würde den Kauf nicht beschließen, ohne alles zu prüfen.
I would not decide on the purchase without checking everything.
der Kauf means the purchase, ohne means without, and prüfen means to check. Den Kauf is accusative after beschließen; würde marks the conditional, and the infinitive beschließen follows it.
Die Regierung wird morgen neue Regeln beschließen.
The government will decide on new rules tomorrow.
die Regierung means the government, morgen means tomorrow, and neue Regeln means new rules. Future tense uses wird in position two and sends the infinitive beschließen to the end; neue Regeln is accusative.
Sie beschließt, im Sommer nach Kanada zu reisen.
She decides to travel to Canada in the summer.
im Sommer means in the summer, nach Kanada means to Canada, and reisen means to travel. The finite verb beschließt is in position two, while zu reisen goes to the end as the decided action.
Nach dem Gespräch beschlossen sie, zu Hause zu bleiben.
After the conversation, they decided to stay at home.
nach dem Gespräch means after the conversation, and zu Hause bleiben means to stay at home. The past form beschlossen is in position two after the opening phrase; zu bleiben goes to the end of the clause.
betrachten — to look at, examine, consider
Betrachten is a regular, inseparable be- verb and takes haben in the perfect. It is stronger and more deliberate than simply looking at something; the object is normally accusative.
Ich betrachte das Bild lange.
I look at the picture for a long time.
das Bild means the picture, and lange means for a long time. Das Bild is accusative because betrachten takes a direct object; the finite verb betrachte is in position two.
Wir haben den alten Plan genau betrachtet.
We examined the old plan carefully.
den alten Plan means the old plan, and genau means carefully. Den alten Plan is accusative after betrachten; haben is in position two and the Partizip II betrachtet goes to the end.
Sie betrachtete die Sterne durch das Fenster.
She looked at the stars through the window.
die Sterne means the stars, and durch das Fenster means through the window. Die Sterne is accusative after betrachten, and durch also takes the accusative; the regular preterite betrachtete stands in position two.
Betrachte zuerst die Karte.
Look at the map first.
zuerst means first, and die Karte means the map. Betrachte is the du imperative, with the subject omitted; die Karte is accusative because it is the object of betrachten.
Wenn ich das Problem genauer betrachtete, würde ich anders entscheiden.
If I examined the problem more closely, I would decide differently.
wenn means if, das Problem means the problem, genauer means more closely, and anders entscheiden means decide differently. Das Problem is accusative after betrachten; in the wenn clause, betrachtete goes to the end, while würde is in position two of the main clause.
Morgen werde ich den Vertrag sorgfältig betrachten.
Tomorrow I will examine the contract carefully.
morgen means tomorrow, der Vertrag means the contract, and sorgfältig means carefully. Den Vertrag is accusative after betrachten; werde is in position two and the infinitive betrachten goes to the end.
beurteilen — to assess, to judge
Beurteilen means to form an opinion about something or someone, often after looking at evidence or performance. It takes an accusative object, as in jemanden beurteilen or eine Leistung beurteilen, and uses haben in the perfect.
Die Lehrerin beurteilt die Leistung fair.
The teacher assesses the performance fairly.
die Leistung means the performance, and fair means fairly. Die Leistung is accusative because beurteilen takes a direct object, while the finite verb beurteilt stands in position two.
Die Lehrerin hat die Leistung fair beurteilt.
The teacher assessed the performance fairly.
die Leistung means the performance, and fair means fairly. The object is accusative because beurteilen takes an accusative object; hat is the auxiliary in position two and beurteilt goes to the end.
Die Lehrerin beurteilte die Leistung fair.
The teacher assessed the performance fairly.
die Leistung means the performance, and fair means fairly. The weak-verb form beurteilte is the finite verb in position two, and the object is accusative after beurteilen.
Beurteile die Situation bitte ruhig.
Please assess the situation calmly.
die Situation means the situation, bitte means please, and ruhig means calmly. This is a du command, so the subject is omitted; the accusative object follows beurteile, and bitte softens the command.
Ich würde die Situation anders beurteilen.
I would assess the situation differently.
die Situation means the situation, and anders means differently. Würde expresses a hypothetical idea, while the infinitive beurteilen goes to the end; its object is accusative.
Wir werden das Ergebnis später beurteilen.
We will assess the result later.
das Ergebnis means the result, and später means later. Werden stands in position two and sends the infinitive beurteilen to the end; das Ergebnis is accusative as the direct object.
der Beweis — proof, evidence
The word can mean a proof in an argument or evidence in an investigation. In everyday legal and investigative contexts, Beweis often means evidence rather than a mathematical proof.
Der Beweis liegt auf dem Tisch.
The evidence is on the table.
liegt auf dem Tisch means “is lying on the table.” Der Beweis is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb liegt is in position two.
Die Polizei findet den Beweis.
The police find the evidence.
die Polizei means the police, and findet means finds. Den Beweis is accusative because finden takes a direct object; the finite verb findet stands in position two.
Der Anwalt vertraut dem Beweis.
The lawyer trusts the evidence.
der Anwalt is the lawyer, and vertraut means trusts. Dem Beweis is dative because vertrauen governs the dative; the verb is in position two.
Die Bedeutung des Beweises ist klar.
The significance of the evidence is clear.
die Bedeutung means significance, and klar means clear. Des Beweises is genitive because it shows whose significance is meant; the noun takes -es after des.
Die Beweise überzeugen das Gericht.
The pieces of evidence convince the court.
überzeugen means convince, and das Gericht is the court. Die Beweise is plural and nominative because it is the subject; das Gericht is accusative because it is the object.
beweisen — to prove, to demonstrate
Beweisen takes a direct accusative object: etwas beweisen. It is a strong verb with bewies and bewiesen, and its perfect uses haben.
Die Zahlen beweisen, dass der Plan funktioniert.
The figures prove that the plan works.
die Zahlen means the figures, and funktioniert means works. Die Zahlen are nominative, while dass sends funktioniert to the end of its clause; beweisen is in position two.
Die Zahlen haben den Erfolg bewiesen.
The figures proved the success.
der Erfolg means success. The perfect uses haben plus bewiesen, and the Partizip II stands at the end; den Erfolg is accusative because it is the object.
Der Test bewies seine Unschuld.
The test proved his innocence.
der Test means test, and seine Unschuld means his innocence. Seine Unschuld is accusative as the object, and the strong past form bewies is in position two.
Beweise, dass du recht hast!
Prove that you are right!
dass du recht hast means that you are right. Beweise is a du imperative, and hast goes to the end after dass; the implied subject of the command is du.
Wenn er die Rechnung sähe, würde er den Fehler beweisen.
If he saw the calculation, he would prove the mistake.
die Rechnung means the calculation and der Fehler means the mistake. The wenn clause sends sähe to the end, while würde is in position two of the main clause and the infinitive beweisen goes to the end.
Sie wird ihre Aussage beweisen.
She will prove her statement.
ihre Aussage means her statement. Future uses wird in position two and the infinitive beweisen at the end; ihre Aussage is accusative because it is the object.
bezweifeln — to doubt, to question
Bezweifeln takes an accusative object: etwas bezweifeln means to doubt something. It normally expresses doubt about a fact or statement, not simply a lack of knowledge; the perfect uses haben.
Viele Menschen bezweifeln seine Geschichte.
Many people doubt his story.
viele Menschen means many people, and seine Geschichte means his story. Seine Geschichte is accusative because bezweifeln takes an accusative object; the finite verb bezweifeln stands in position two.
Die Experten haben den Bericht bezweifelt.
The experts doubted the report.
die Experten are the experts, and der Bericht is the report. Den Bericht is accusative because bezweifeln takes an accusative object; the auxiliary haben is in position two and bezweifelt goes to the end.
Niemand bezweifelte seine Entscheidung.
Nobody doubted his decision.
niemand means nobody, and seine Entscheidung means his decision. Seine Entscheidung is accusative because it is the object of bezweifelte; the finite verb is in position two even though the subject niemand is negative.
Bezweifle nicht alles, was du hörst.
Do not doubt everything you hear.
nicht alles means not everything, and was du hörst means that you hear. Alles is accusative because bezweifeln takes an accusative object; the imperative bezweifle comes first, while the finite verb hörst goes to the end of its subordinate clause.
Ich würde seine Erklärung bezweifeln.
I would doubt his explanation.
seine Erklärung means his explanation. Seine Erklärung is accusative because it is the object of bezweifeln; würde ... bezweifeln expresses a hypothetical opinion, with the infinitive at the end.
Man wird diese Zahlen bald bezweifeln.
People will soon doubt these figures.
man means people or one, diese Zahlen means these figures, and bald means soon. Diese Zahlen is accusative because bezweifeln takes an accusative object; wird is in position two and bezweifeln goes to the end.
das Detail — detail, individual point
The plural is Details, with the borrowed ending -s. For possession, the genitive is des Details, not des Detail.
Das Detail ist für den Bericht wichtig.
The detail is important for the report.
für den Bericht means for the report, and wichtig means important. Das Detail is nominative because it is the subject, while für always takes the accusative, shown by den Bericht.
Ich notiere das Detail sofort.
I write down the detail immediately.
notiere means write down, and sofort means immediately. Das Detail is accusative because it is the direct object of notieren; the finite verb notiere is in position two.
Ich vertraue dem Detail nicht ganz.
I do not completely trust the detail.
vertraue means trust, and nicht ganz means not completely. Dem Detail is dative because vertrauen takes a dative object; nicht negates the verb phrase.
Die Bedeutung des Details ist unklar.
The meaning of the detail is unclear.
die Bedeutung means the meaning, and unklar means unclear. Des Details is genitive because it identifies whose meaning is meant; the noun adds -s and the article changes to des.
Die Details stehen in der Tabelle.
The details are in the table.
stehen means are listed or stand, and die Tabelle is the table. Details is plural with die, and in der Tabelle is dative because it describes a fixed location, not movement.
die Einbildung — imagination, imagined idea; delusion
Einbildung can mean an unfounded idea or impression, and in everyday speech Das ist nur Einbildung means that something is not real but imagined. It is different from Bildung, which means education.
Die Einbildung macht ihn nervös.
His imagination makes him nervous.
macht ihn nervös means makes him nervous. Die Einbildung is nominative because it is the subject, and ihn is accusative because machen takes the person affected as its object; the finite verb macht is in position two.
Ich habe keine Einbildung, dass jemand kommt.
I have no idea that anyone is coming.
keine Einbildung means no idea or imagination, and jemand kommt means someone is coming. Keine Einbildung is accusative because haben takes it as its direct object; in the dass clause, the finite verb kommt goes to the end.
Er vertraut seiner Einbildung nicht.
He does not trust his imagination.
vertraut means trusts, seiner means his, and nicht means not. Seiner Einbildung is dative because vertrauen governs the dative; the finite verb vertraut is in position two and nicht negates the statement.
Die Macht der Einbildung ist erstaunlich.
The power of imagination is astonishing.
die Macht is the power and erstaunlich means astonishing. Der Einbildung is genitive because it identifies whose power is meant; the whole phrase Die Macht der Einbildung is nominative and the verb ist stands in position two.
Solche Einbildungen können gefährlich sein.
Such imaginings can be dangerous.
solche means such, können means can, and gefährlich means dangerous. Einbildungen is plural nominative because it is the subject; with the modal verb können, the infinitive sein goes to the end.
eindeutig — clear, unambiguous
Eindeutig is stronger than simply klar: it says that there is no reasonable doubt or second interpretation. Its opposite is mehrdeutig or unklar.
Die Antwort ist eindeutig.
The answer is clear.
die Antwort means the answer. Eindeutig is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Das ist eine eindeutige Entscheidung.
That is a clear decision.
die Entscheidung means the decision. Eindeutige stands before a feminine noun after eine, so it takes the adjective ending -e; the phrase is the subject complement after ist.
Diese Erklärung ist eindeutiger als die erste.
This explanation is clearer than the first one.
diese Erklärung means this explanation, and die erste means the first one. Eindeutiger compares two explanations and is followed by als; as a predicative adjective, it has no ending.
Das ist die eindeutigste Lösung.
That is the clearest solution.
die Lösung means the solution. Eindeutigste is the superlative before a feminine noun after die, so it takes -e; the finite verb ist remains in position two.
eindeutig — clearly, unambiguously
As an adverb, eindeutig modifies a verb, adjective, or whole statement and never takes an adjective ending. Do not confuse this use with attributive eindeutige, which stands before a noun.
Sie hat eindeutig gewonnen.
She clearly won.
gewonnen means won. Eindeutig modifies the verb phrase and does not take an adjective ending; the perfect uses hat and gewonnen stands at the end.
Er hat eindeutig zu spät reagiert.
He reacted clearly too late.
zu spät means too late and reagiert means reacted. Eindeutig is an adverb and therefore never changes form; hat is in position two and the participle reagiert goes to the end.
der Eindruck — impression; effect, impact
Eindruck often occurs in the fixed expression einen Eindruck machen, meaning to make an impression. The plural is Eindrücke, with an umlaut, not Eindrucke.
Der Eindruck ist positiv.
The impression is positive.
positiv means positive. Der Eindruck is nominative because it is the subject of ist; the finite verb stands in position two.
Sie macht einen guten Eindruck.
She makes a good impression.
sie means she and gut means good. Einen guten Eindruck is accusative because machen takes an accusative object; the adjective gets -en after einen.
Der Lehrer gibt dem Schüler einen Eindruck von der Prüfung.
The teacher gives the student an impression of the exam.
der Lehrer is the teacher, der Schüler is the student, and die Prüfung is the exam. Dem Schüler is dative because geben gives something to someone, while einen Eindruck is accusative as the thing given.
Die Stärke des Eindrucks überraschte mich.
The strength of the impression surprised me.
die Stärke means the strength and überraschte means surprised. Des Eindrucks is genitive because it identifies whose strength is meant; mich is accusative as the person affected by überraschen.
Die ersten Eindrücke waren sehr gut.
The first impressions were very good.
die ersten means the first ones and sehr gut means very good. Die Eindrücke is nominative plural because it is the subject, and the past form waren agrees with the plural.
Der Film hat einen starken Eindruck hinterlassen.
The film left a strong impression.
der Film means the film, stark means strong, and hinterlassen means left behind. Einen starken Eindruck is accusative because it is the object of hinterlassen; the perfect uses hat, with hinterlassen at the end.
Die Nachricht machte großen Eindruck auf ihn.
The news made a great impression on him.
die Nachricht means the news and groß means great. Großen Eindruck is an accusative object after machen, while auf ihn uses accusative because this expression takes auf plus accusative.
der Einfall — idea; inspiration; incursion; invasion
The everyday meaning is a sudden idea, often in the collocation einen Einfall haben. The less common meaning is an incursion or invasion; context distinguishes these meanings, but the plural remains Einfälle.
Der Einfall war wirklich gut.
The idea was really good.
wirklich means really, and gut means good. Der Einfall is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb war stands in position two.
Sie hatte einen Einfall.
She had an idea.
sie means she, and hatte means had. Einen Einfall is accusative because haben takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from ein to einen.
Er folgt dem Einfall seines Bruders.
He follows his brother's idea.
folgen means to follow, and sein Bruder means his brother. Dem Einfall is dative because folgen governs the dative; seines Bruders is genitive and means of his brother.
Die Wirkung des Einfalls war überraschend.
The effect of the idea was surprising.
die Wirkung means the effect, and überraschend means surprising. Des Einfalls is genitive because it identifies which effect is meant; the finite verb war is in position two.
Gute Einfälle kommen oft beim Spazierengehen.
Good ideas often come while walking.
gute means good, kommen means come, oft means often, and Spazierengehen means walking. Einfälle is the plural subject, so the verb is kommen; the umlaut is part of the plural form.
Der Einfall der Truppen überraschte die Stadt.
The troops' incursion surprised the city.
die Truppen means the troops, überraschte means surprised, and die Stadt means the city. Der Truppen is genitive and means of the troops; der Einfall is the nominative subject and überraschte stands in position two.
Die Bewohner flohen wegen des Einfalls.
The inhabitants fled because of the invasion.
die Bewohner means the inhabitants, flohen means fled, and wegen means because of. Des Einfalls is genitive because wegen normally governs the genitive; the finite verb flohen is in position two.
einfallen — to occur to someone, to come to mind; to stand out, to come to someone's notice
The person to whom an idea occurs is in the dative: jemandem fällt etwas ein. Do not confuse einfallen with einfällen; the prefix is separable in a main clause.
Mir fällt gerade eine gute Idee ein.
I have just had a good idea.
gerade means just or right now, and eine gute Idee is a good idea. Mir is dative because it names the person to whom the idea occurs; the finite verb fällt is in position two and the prefix ein goes to the end.
Plötzlich ist mir die Lösung eingefallen.
The solution suddenly occurred to me.
plötzlich means suddenly, and die Lösung is the solution. Mir is dative for the person affected, while ist ... eingefallen forms the perfect with sein and places the participle at the end.
Ihr fiel im Unterricht eine wichtige Frage ein.
An important question occurred to her during the lesson.
im Unterricht means during the lesson, and eine wichtige Frage is an important question. Ihr is dative because the question occurs to her; fiel is the strong past form and ein is separated to the end.
Fall mir bitte noch ein Beispiel ein.
Please think of one more example.
bitte means please, and noch ein Beispiel means one more example. The command uses the du imperative fall; mir is dative and the separated prefix ein comes at the end.
Mir fiele keine bessere Antwort ein.
I could not think of a better answer.
keine bessere Antwort means no better answer. Mir is dative for the person having the thought, and fiele ... ein is the Konjunktiv II of the strong verb, with the prefix separated.
Vielleicht wird dir später eine Lösung einfallen.
Perhaps a solution will occur to you later.
vielleicht means perhaps, and später means later; eine Lösung is a solution. Dir is dative because the solution occurs to you, and wird ... einfallen places the infinitive at the end in the future tense.
Die ungewöhnliche Farbe fällt sofort ein.
The unusual colour immediately stands out.
die ungewöhnliche Farbe means the unusual colour, and sofort means immediately. The subject is die ungewöhnliche Farbe; the finite verb fällt is in position two and the prefix ein is separated to the end.
Sein Name ist mir sofort eingefallen.
His name immediately came to mind for me.
sein Name means his name, and sofort means immediately. Mir is dative for the person to whom the name comes to mind, and ist ... eingefallen is the perfect with sein.
einseitig — one-sided; unilateral; biased; one-way; on one side
Einseitig can describe an argument or report that ignores other viewpoints, and it can also describe an agreement made by only one side. It compares regularly: einseitig, einseitiger, am einseitigsten.
Die Berichterstattung ist einseitig.
The reporting is one-sided.
die Berichterstattung means the reporting or coverage. Einseitig is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Das ist ein einseitiger Bericht.
That is a one-sided report.
der Bericht means the report, and das means that. Einseitiger is attributive and takes -er because it follows the indefinite article ein in the nominative masculine; Bericht is the subject complement.
Seine Darstellung ist einseitiger als meine.
His account is more one-sided than mine.
seine Darstellung means his account or presentation, and meine means mine. Einseitiger is a predicative comparative, so it has no ending; comparisons of inequality use als.
Dieser Kommentar ist am einseitigsten.
This comment is the most one-sided.
dieser Kommentar means this comment. Am einseitigsten is the predicative superlative and has no noun ending; the form am ... -sten is used after sein.
Wir brauchen ein einseitiges Ticket nach Köln.
We need a one-way ticket to Cologne.
ein Ticket means a ticket, nach Köln means to Cologne, and brauchen means need. Einseitiges means one-way here and has the neuter accusative ending -es after ein; nach Köln expresses the destination.
Die Straße ist dort einseitig.
The road is one-way there.
die Straße means the road, and dort means there. Einseitig is predicative after ist, so it has no ending; the adverb dort can stand at the end without changing the adjective.
die Einstellung — setting, configuration; attitude, outlook; hiring, employment
In technology, die Einstellung means a setting or configuration. Its plural is die Einstellungen; do not confuse this meaning with an attitude or with the hiring of staff.
Die Einstellung ist für Anfänger zu kompliziert.
The setting is too complicated for beginners.
für Anfänger means for beginners, and zu kompliziert means too complicated. die Einstellung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Ich ändere die Einstellung am Bildschirm.
I change the setting on the screen.
ändern means to change and der Bildschirm is the screen. die Einstellung is accusative because ändern takes a direct object; am Bildschirm means on the screen and is a fixed-location dative phrase.
Mit dieser Einstellung funktioniert das Programm besser.
With this setting, the program works better.
mit dieser Einstellung means with this setting, and das Programm is the program. mit always takes the dative, so dieser Einstellung is dative; the phrase comes first, but the finite verb funktioniert still occupies position two.
Die Vorteile der Einstellung sind deutlich.
The advantages of the setting are clear.
die Vorteile are the advantages and deutlich means clear. der Einstellung is genitive because it identifies whose advantages they are; the whole phrase die Vorteile der Einstellung is the nominative subject.
Die neuen Einstellungen werden automatisch gespeichert.
The new settings are saved automatically.
neu means new, automatisch means automatically, and gespeichert means saved. die Einstellungen is plural nominative because it is the subject; werden forms the passive and the participle goes to the end.
Seine Einstellung zur Arbeit ist sehr positiv.
His attitude towards work is very positive.
seine means his, zur Arbeit means towards work, and sehr positiv means very positive. die Einstellung is nominative as the subject, while zu takes the dative in zur Arbeit; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Eine offene Einstellung hilft im Gespräch.
An open attitude helps in conversation.
offen means open, helfen means to help, and das Gespräch is the conversation. eine offene Einstellung is nominative because it is the subject; the adjective takes -e after the feminine indefinite article.
Die Einstellung neuer Mitarbeiter dauert mehrere Wochen.
The hiring of new employees takes several weeks.
neue Mitarbeiter are new employees and mehrere Wochen means several weeks. neuer Mitarbeiter is a genitive plural phrase after die Einstellung, showing whose hiring is meant; the singular noun Einstellung is the subject.
Nach der Einstellung beginnt die Schulung.
After being hired, the training begins.
nach der Einstellung means after the hiring, and die Schulung is the training. nach takes the dative, so der Einstellung is dative; the prepositional phrase comes first, putting beginnt in position two.
die Einzelheit — detail, individual point; detail, minor point
Einzelheit refers to one separate fact or detail; the plural Einzelheiten is much more common when asking for or explaining information. Do not confuse it with Einzelhandel, which means retail.
Die Einzelheit ist wichtig.
The detail is important.
wichtig means “important”. Die Einzelheit is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich notiere die Einzelheit sofort.
I write down the detail immediately.
notieren means “to write down”, and sofort means “immediately”. Die Einzelheit is accusative because it is the direct object of notiere.
Wir sprechen über der Einzelheit.
We are talking about the detail.
sprechen über means “to talk about”. This example illustrates a common trap: über takes the accusative for a topic, so the natural sentence is Wir sprechen über die Einzelheit, not über der Einzelheit; der Einzelheit would be dative only after a dative preposition.
Die Bedeutung der Einzelheit ist unklar.
The significance of the detail is unclear.
die Bedeutung means “the significance”, and unklar means “unclear”. Der Einzelheit is genitive because it specifies which significance is meant; the feminine genitive article is der.
Bitte beachten Sie die Einzelheiten.
Please pay attention to the details.
beachten means “to pay attention to”, and bitte makes the request polite. Die Einzelheiten is plural and accusative because it is the object of beachten; the formal imperative uses Sie.
Diese Einzelheit habe ich vergessen.
I forgot this detail.
diese means “this”, and vergessen means “to forget”. Diese Einzelheit is accusative because it is the object of habe vergessen; the perfect auxiliary habe is in position two and the participle goes to the end.
Er erzählt die Geschichte ohne Einzelheiten.
He tells the story without details.
erzählen means “to tell”, die Geschichte is “the story”, and ohne means “without”. Einzelheiten is plural and accusative because ohne always takes the accusative.
entschlossen — determined, resolute
As an adjective, entschlossen describes someone who is determined and ready to act. It is also the Partizip II of entschließen, so context tells you whether it means “determined” or “resolved”.
Sie ist sehr entschlossen.
She is very determined.
sehr means very. entschlossen is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ein entschlossener Mann betrat den Raum.
A determined man entered the room.
der Mann is the man, betreten means enter, and der Raum is the room. Ein entschlossener Mann is the nominative subject, so the adjective takes the ending -er after the indefinite article; betrat stands in position two.
Nach dem Gespräch war er noch entschlossener.
After the conversation, he was even more determined.
nach dem Gespräch means after the conversation and noch means even or still. nach takes the dative, while entschlossener is predicative after war and therefore has no case ending.
Von allen Bewerbern war sie am entschlossensten.
Of all the applicants, she was the most determined.
alle Bewerber means all the applicants. von takes the dative in von allen Bewerbern, and the predicative superlative uses am entschlossensten; war stands in position two.
erfahren — to experience; to find out; to find out; to hear about
This verb can mean personally experiencing something or finding out information. It takes an accusative object, and its strong forms are erfuhr and erfahren.
Ich erfahre jeden Tag etwas Neues.
I learn something new every day.
jeden Tag means every day and etwas Neues means something new. etwas Neues is accusative because erfahren takes an accusative object, and the finite verb erfahre is in position two.
Wir haben auf der Reise viel erfahren.
We experienced a lot on the trip.
auf der Reise means on the trip and viel means a lot. erfahren is the Partizip II and combines with haben; haben is in position two and the participle goes to the end.
Sie erfuhr große Angst.
She experienced great fear.
große Angst means great fear. große Angst is accusative as the object of erfuhr, and the strong Präteritum form erfuhr stands in position two.
Erfahr selbst, wie schwierig das ist.
Experience for yourself how difficult that is.
selbst means yourself and schwierig means difficult. Erfahr is an informal singular command; the object is the subordinate clause wie schwierig das ist, whose finite verb ist goes to the end.
Wenn du mehr erfahren würdest, wärst du ruhiger.
If you found out more, you would be calmer.
mehr means more and ruhiger means calmer. erfahren stays at the end of the wenn-clause, while würdest is the finite verb; the result clause has wärst in position two.
Du wirst bald die Wahrheit erfahren.
You will soon find out the truth.
bald means soon and die Wahrheit means the truth. die Wahrheit is accusative because it is the object of erfahren; wirst is in position two and the infinitive goes to the end.
Ich erfahre morgen das Ergebnis.
I will find out the result tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow and das Ergebnis means the result. das Ergebnis is accusative after erfahren, and erfahre stands in position two even though the time expression comes first in meaning.
Er hat von dem Unfall erfahren.
He heard about the accident.
der Unfall means the accident. von always takes the dative, so dem Unfall is dative; the perfect uses hat plus erfahren at the end.
ernsthaft — serious; seriously
ernsthaft is stronger and often more explicit than ernst; it can mean genuinely serious or seriously. It can describe a noun before it or modify an adjective or verb as an adverb.
Die Ärztin ist ernsthaft besorgt.
The doctor is seriously concerned.
die Ärztin means the female doctor, and besorgt means concerned. ernsthaft modifies the adjective besorgt as an adverb, while the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Er hat ein ernsthaftes Problem.
He has a serious problem.
ein Problem means a problem. Problem is accusative because haben takes an accusative object, and the neuter adjective ending is -es after ein.
Diese Gefahr ist ernsthafter als gedacht.
This danger is more serious than expected.
diese Gefahr means this danger, and als gedacht means than expected. ernsthafter compares this danger with an unspoken alternative; als introduces the comparison.
Das ist der ernsthafteste Fehler im Bericht.
That is the most serious mistake in the report.
der Fehler means the mistake, and im Bericht means in the report. The attributive superlative is der ernsthafteste, with -ste plus the adjective ending -e after der.
erraten — to guess correctly, to guess
Unlike a regular verb, this strong verb changes its vowel: erraten - erriet - hat erraten; in the present singular, a becomes ä in errät. The prefix er- is inseparable, so the Partizip II has no ge-.
Sie errät die Antwort.
She guesses the answer.
sie means she and die Antwort means the answer. die Antwort is accusative because erraten takes the answer as its direct object; errät stands in position two and has a vowel change.
Sie hat die Antwort erraten.
She guessed the answer correctly.
sie means she and die Antwort means the answer. The perfect uses hat plus erraten; the Partizip II stays at the end, and die Antwort is accusative.
Sie erriet die Antwort sofort.
She guessed the answer immediately.
die Antwort means the answer and sofort means immediately. die Antwort is accusative after erraten, and the strong past form erriet stands in position two.
Errate die Antwort!
Guess the answer!
die Antwort means the answer. The imperative errate stands first with du omitted, and die Antwort is accusative because it is the direct object.
Wenn sie die Antwort wüsste, erriete sie das Rätsel.
If she knew the answer, she would guess the riddle.
wenn means if, wüsste means knew, and das Rätsel means the riddle. The conditional form erriete is built from the past stem and stands in position two in the main clause; das Rätsel is accusative.
Sie wird die Antwort erraten.
She will guess the answer.
die Antwort means the answer. Future uses wird plus the infinitive erraten at the end, and die Antwort is accusative as the direct object.
der Faktor — factor, influencing circumstance; multiplier
Der Faktor is used for something that influences a result; in technical contexts it can also mean a numerical multiplier.
Der Faktor Zeit ist wichtig.
The factor of time is important.
die Zeit means time and wichtig means important. Der Faktor is nominative because it is the subject of ist; the finite verb stands in position two, and Zeit is a noun used to specify the factor.
Wir müssen diesen Faktor berücksichtigen.
We have to take this factor into account.
wir means we, müssen means have to, and berücksichtigen means take into account. Diesen Faktor is accusative because berücksichtigen takes an accusative object; the modal verb müssen is in position two and the infinitive goes to the end.
Mit diesem Faktor haben wir nicht gerechnet.
We did not take this factor into account.
mit means with, diesem means this, and gerechnet means counted or reckoned. Mit always takes the dative, so the form is diesem Faktor; haben is in position two and gerechnet stands at the end.
Die Bedeutung des Faktors ist klar.
The importance of the factor is clear.
die Bedeutung means the importance and klar means clear. Des Faktors is genitive because it shows whose importance is meant; the noun adds -s, and the finite verb ist is in position two.
Mehrere Faktoren spielen eine Rolle.
Several factors play a role.
mehrere means several and eine Rolle spielen means play a role. Mehrere Faktoren is a plural nominative subject, so the plural article is not needed here; the finite verb spielen is in position two.
Der Faktor drei steht vor der Klammer.
The factor three is before the bracket.
drei means three, vor means in front of, and die Klammer means the bracket. Der Faktor drei is the nominative subject of steht; vor takes the dative for a fixed location, so der Klammer is dative.
Wir multiplizieren die Zahl mit dem Faktor.
We multiply the number by the factor.
wir multiplizieren means we multiply, die Zahl means the number, and mit means by or with. Mit dem Faktor is dative because mit always requires the dative; the finite verb multiplizieren is in position two.
die Fantasie — imagination, fantasy; fantasy, imagined wish
The German word Fantasie usually means imagination, especially the creative ability to invent pictures or ideas. It can also mean a fantasy or imagined idea; the plural is Fantasien.
Meine Fantasie ist sehr lebendig.
My imagination is very vivid.
meine means my, and lebendig means vivid or lively. Meine Fantasie is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Der Film regt meine Fantasie an.
The film stimulates my imagination.
der Film is the film, and regt ... an means stimulates. meine Fantasie is accusative because anregen takes a direct object; the separable prefix an moves to the end.
Mit der Fantasie erfindet sie Geschichten.
With imagination, she invents stories.
mit means with, erfindet means invents, and Geschichten are stories. der Fantasie is dative because mit always takes dative; the finite verb erfindet is in position two.
Die Kraft der Fantasie ist groß.
The power of imagination is great.
die Kraft is the power, and groß means great or large. der Fantasie is genitive because it says whose power it is; the feminine genitive article is der.
Kinder haben viele Fantasien.
Children have many fantasies.
Kinder means children, and viele means many. Fantasien is the plural and is accusative because haben takes a direct object.
Er erzählt von einer Fantasie.
He tells us about a fantasy.
erzählt means tells, and von means about or from. von einer Fantasie is dative because von always takes dative; the verb erzählt is in position two.
Diese Fantasie klingt ungewöhnlich.
This fantasy sounds unusual.
diese means this, and ungewöhnlich means unusual. Diese Fantasie is nominative because it is the subject, and klingt stands in position two.
fehlerhaft — faulty, defective; erroneous; incorrect, containing an error
fehlerhaft describes something containing mistakes or not working properly. It can describe a physical object, a document, or information; the opposite is fehlerfrei or korrekt.
Die Maschine ist fehlerhaft.
The machine is faulty.
die Maschine means the machine. The adjective is predicative after ist, so it has no ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir haben einen fehlerhaften Bericht gefunden.
We found a faulty report.
einen Bericht means a report, and gefunden means found. einen fehlerhaften Bericht is accusative because finden takes an accusative object, and the adjective gets the ending -en after einen.
Dieser Bericht ist fehlerhafter als der alte.
This report is more faulty than the old one.
dieser Bericht means this report, and der alte means the old one. The comparative fehlerhafter is predicative and therefore has no adjective ending; als introduces the thing used for comparison.
Das ist der fehlerhafteste Datensatz im System.
That is the most faulty data set in the system.
der Datensatz means the data set, and im System means in the system. The attributive superlative fehlerhafteste has an ending after der, while im contracts in dem and takes the dative.
Die Prüfung enthält mehrere fehlerhafte Antworten.
The exam contains several incorrect answers.
die Prüfung means the exam, enthält means contains, and mehrere Antworten means several answers. fehlerhafte Antworten is accusative because enthalten takes an accusative object; the adjective has the plural ending -e after mehrere.
Bitte korrigieren Sie die fehlerhafte Zahl.
Please correct the incorrect number.
bitte means please, korrigieren Sie means correct, and die Zahl means the number. The formal imperative uses Sie and the infinitive, and die fehlerhafte Zahl is accusative because korrigieren takes an accusative object.
feststehen — to be certain, be fixed
This verb normally has no direct object and often occurs with es or a subject such as der Termin. In Es steht fest, dass ..., the following dass clause states what is certain.
Der Termin steht jetzt fest.
The date is fixed now.
der Termin means the date or appointment, and jetzt means now. Der Termin is the nominative subject; the finite verb steht is in position two and fest is separated to the end.
Der Termin hat jetzt festgestanden.
The date has now been fixed.
der Termin means the date or appointment, and jetzt means now. The perfect uses hat festgestanden; festgestanden goes at the end, and there is no accusative object because the verb describes a state.
Der Termin stand schon gestern fest.
The date was already fixed yesterday.
schon means already and gestern means yesterday. Stand ... fest is the simple past; der Termin is the subject, while gestern is a time expression.
Steh endlich fest!
Finally be certain!
endlich means finally or at last. This imperative is unusual because feststehen normally describes a fact, not a deliberate action; the separable prefix fest stands at the end.
Es würde noch nicht feststehen, ob der Zug fährt.
It would not yet be certain whether the train is running.
noch nicht means not yet, and ob introduces whether. Würde ... feststehen expresses a hypothetical state; the whole infinitive follows würde, and the ob clause sends fährt to the end.
Morgen wird endgültig feststehen, wer gewinnt.
Tomorrow it will finally be clear who wins.
morgen means tomorrow, endgültig means finally or definitively, and wer gewinnt means who wins. Future tense uses wird plus the whole infinitive feststehen; the embedded question has its finite verb at the end.
feststellen — to establish, determine, notice; to notice, realize
Use feststellen when a fact is discovered or established after observation or checking. It can take an accusative object, or a clause introduced by dass.
Der Arzt stellt eine Verletzung fest.
The doctor detects an injury.
der Arzt means the doctor, and die Verletzung means the injury. Eine Verletzung is accusative because it is what the doctor establishes or detects; fest is separated to the end.
Der Arzt hat eine Verletzung festgestellt.
The doctor detected an injury.
der Arzt means the doctor, and eine Verletzung means an injury. The perfect uses hat festgestellt; the participle stands at the end and the detected thing is accusative.
Der Arzt stellte eine Verletzung fest.
The doctor detected an injury.
der Arzt means the doctor, and eine Verletzung means an injury. Stellte ... fest is the simple past; the injury is the accusative object and fest is separated.
Stell den Fehler fest!
Identify the mistake!
der Fehler means the mistake. The du imperative is stell, the prefix fest goes to the end, and den Fehler is accusative because it is the object.
Der Arzt würde eine Verletzung feststellen, wenn er ein Röntgenbild hätte.
The doctor would detect an injury if he had an X-ray.
das Röntgenbild means the X-ray image, and wenn means if. Würde ... feststellen expresses a hypothetical action; the whole infinitive follows würde, and eine Verletzung is accusative.
Der Arzt wird eine Verletzung feststellen.
The doctor will detect an injury.
der Arzt means the doctor, and eine Verletzung means an injury. Future tense uses wird with the whole infinitive feststellen at the end; the injury is an accusative object.
Ich stelle fest, dass mein Schlüssel fehlt.
I notice that my key is missing.
mein Schlüssel means my key, and fehlen means to be missing. The dass clause is the content noticed; its finite verb fehlt goes to the end, while fest completes the main verb.
Sie stellte einen großen Unterschied fest.
She noticed a big difference.
sie means she, ein großer Unterschied means a big difference, and groß means big. Einen großen Unterschied is accusative because it is what she noticed; the prefix fest stands at the end.