Appearance
Vocab: School & study — B1 (1)
School & study vocabulary at B1 level.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
das Abitur — school-leaving examination; university-entrance qualification
The usual phrase is das Abitur machen. The word refers both to the examination process and to the qualification obtained after passing it.
Das Abitur ist in Deutschland ein wichtiger Abschluss.
The Abitur is an important qualification in Germany.
Deutschland means Germany, wichtig means important, and der Abschluss means qualification or leaving certificate. Das Abitur is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Viele Schülerinnen und Schüler machen das Abitur nach der zwölften Klasse.
Many school students take the Abitur after twelfth grade.
viele Schülerinnen und Schüler means many female and male school students, nach means after, and die zwölfte Klasse means twelfth grade. das Abitur is accusative because machen takes a direct object; nach takes the dative in der zwölften Klasse.
Nach dem Abitur möchte sie Medizin studieren.
After the Abitur, she wants to study medicine.
nach means after, sie means she, and Medizin studieren means study medicine. nach always takes the dative, so dem Abitur is dative; the modal verb möchte is in position two and studieren goes to the end.
Die Ergebnisse des Abiturs kommen im Juli.
The results of the Abitur come in July.
die Ergebnisse means the results and im Juli means in July. des Abiturs is genitive because it identifies whose results they are; the finite verb kommen is in position two.
An unserer Schule haben dieses Jahr drei Abiture stattgefunden.
Three Abitur examinations took place at our school this year.
an unserer Schule means at our school, dieses Jahr means this year, and stattgefunden means taken place. Abiture is plural and is part of the subject; the perfect uses haben ... stattgefunden, with the participle at the end.
ablesen — to read off, to take a reading; to read, to infer from
Use ablesen when information is read from a device or scale. It is separable in a main clause, but the strong Partizip II is abgelesen, not abgelesnt.
Ich lese die Temperatur am Thermometer ab.
I read the temperature from the thermometer.
die Temperatur means temperature, das Thermometer means thermometer, and am means at or on the. Die Temperatur is accusative because ablesen takes a direct object; lese is in position two and ab is final.
Wir haben den Zählerstand abgelesen.
We read the meter reading.
der Zählerstand means meter reading. Den Zählerstand is accusative as the direct object, and the perfect uses haben plus abgelesen at the end.
Sie las die Zahl vom Display ab.
She read the number from the display.
die Zahl means number, das Display means display, and von means from. Die Zahl is accusative; las is in position two and ab goes to the end.
Lies ab, wie viel Grad es sind.
Read how many degrees it is.
wie viel Grad means how many degrees. Lies ab is the informal du imperative; in the indirect question, sind goes to the end.
Ich läse den Wert ab, wenn das Licht besser wäre.
I would read the value if the light were better.
der Wert means value, and das Licht means light. Den Wert is accusative; the main clause splits läse ... ab, while the wenn clause puts wäre at the end.
Der Techniker wird den Druck ablesen.
The technician will read the pressure.
der Techniker means technician, and der Druck means pressure. Den Druck is accusative because it is the direct object; future wird ... ablesen keeps the infinitive together at the end.
Man konnte ihm die Sorge vom Gesicht ablesen.
You could read the worry on his face.
man konnte means one could, die Sorge means worry, and das Gesicht means face. Ihm is dative for the person, while die Sorge is accusative; with konnte, the infinitive ablesen stays at the end.
An ihrer Stimme las ich ihre Angst ab.
I could tell from her voice that she was afraid.
die Stimme means voice, and die Angst means fear. Ihre Angst is accusative, while an ihrer Stimme means from her voice; las is in position two and ab is final.
der Abschluss — qualification, degree; completion, conclusion; completion, conclusion, ending
The most common learner meaning is an educational qualification or degree. Depending on context, Abschluss can also mean the completion or conclusion of something, such as a contract or project.
Der Abschluss ist für meine Bewerbung wichtig.
The qualification is important for my application.
wichtig means important and die Bewerbung means application. Der Abschluss is nominative because it is the subject; für forces the accusative in für meine Bewerbung.
Sie hat den Abschluss letztes Jahr gemacht.
She obtained the qualification last year.
letztes Jahr means last year and machen means to make or obtain in this expression. Den Abschluss is accusative because it is the object of gemacht, and the perfect participle stands at the end.
Nach dem Abschluss begann er zu arbeiten.
After completing his qualification, he began working.
nach means after, begann means began, and zu arbeiten means to work. The preposition nach requires the dative, so dem Abschluss is dative; the finite verb begann is in position two.
Die Qualität des Abschlusses hängt von der Prüfung ab.
The quality of the qualification depends on the exam.
die Qualität means quality, hängt ab means depends, and die Prüfung means exam. Des Abschlusses is genitive because it specifies whose quality; von takes the dative in von der Prüfung, and ab goes to the end because abhängen is separable.
Viele Abschlüsse werden heute online angeboten.
Many qualifications are offered online today.
viele means many, heute means today, and online angeboten means offered online. Viele Abschlüsse is a plural nominative subject; the passive uses werden plus angeboten, with the participle at the end.
Zum Abschluss hielt die Leiterin eine kurze Rede.
At the end, the director gave a short speech.
zum Abschluss means at the end or to conclude, die Leiterin means the female director or manager, and eine kurze Rede means a short speech. Zum is zu dem, so it forces the dative; the finite verb hielt is in position two.
Der Abschluss des Projekts dauerte länger als geplant.
The completion of the project took longer than planned.
das Projekt means the project, dauerte means took or lasted, and geplant means planned. Des Projekts is genitive because it identifies which completion is meant; the finite verb dauerte stands in position two.
absolvieren — to complete; to undergo; to serve; to complete a required period
Absolvieren is a formal verb often used for education, training, internships and exams. It takes the completed course or programme as an accusative object and forms the perfect with haben.
Meine Schwester absolviert eine Ausbildung zur Köchin.
My sister is completing training to become a chef.
meine Schwester means my sister, eine Ausbildung means a training programme, and Köchin means female chef. Eine Ausbildung is accusative because absolvieren takes an accusative object; the finite verb absolviert stands in position two.
Er hat ein Praktikum bei einer Bank absolviert.
He completed an internship at a bank.
ein Praktikum means an internship and bei einer Bank means at a bank. Ein Praktikum is accusative as the completed programme, while bei einer Bank is dative because bei takes the dative; hat is in position two and absolviert goes to the end.
Sie absolvierte den Kurs im letzten Jahr.
She completed the course last year.
der Kurs means the course and im letzten Jahr means last year. Den Kurs is accusative because it is the object, and the weak past form absolvierte stands in position two.
Absolviere zuerst die Prüfung!
Complete the exam first!
zuerst means first and die Prüfung means the exam. Die Prüfung is accusative because it is the object; the informal singular imperative absolviere is often shortened to absolvier.
Ich würde gern ein Auslandssemester absolvieren.
I would like to complete a semester abroad.
gern means gladly or would like to, and ein Auslandssemester means a semester abroad. The noun phrase is accusative because it is the object; after würde, the infinitive absolvieren stays at the end.
Nächstes Jahr wird sie ihr Studium absolvieren.
Next year she will complete her degree course.
nächstes Jahr means next year and ihr Studium means her degree course. Ihr Studium is accusative because it is the object; wird is in position two and the infinitive absolvieren goes to the end.
Der Gefangene muss eine Haftstrafe absolvieren.
The prisoner has to serve a prison sentence.
der Gefangene means the prisoner and eine Haftstrafe means a prison sentence. Eine Haftstrafe is accusative because it is the object; after muss, the infinitive absolvieren stands at the end.
Er absolvierte seinen Militärdienst im Ausland.
He completed his military service abroad.
sein Militärdienst means his military service and im Ausland means abroad. Seinen Militärdienst is accusative because it is what he completed, and the past-tense verb absolvierte is in position two.
die Akademie — academy, institute
Die Akademie can be a higher-education institution, a specialised training institution or an organisation for arts and sciences. It is a feminine noun with the plural die Akademien.
Die Akademie bietet neue Kurse an.
The academy offers new courses.
bieten means to offer and neue Kurse means new courses. Die Akademie is nominative because it is the subject; the separable verb bietet ... an puts an at the end.
Viele Studierende besuchen die Akademie.
Many students attend the academy.
viele Studierende means many students, and besuchen means to attend or visit. Die Akademie is accusative because besuchen takes a direct object; the finite verb besuchen is in position two.
Nach dem Studium arbeitet sie an der Akademie.
After her studies, she works at the academy.
nach dem Studium means after her studies, and arbeitet means works. An der Akademie is dative because an expresses location here; the finite verb arbeitet stands in position two.
Das Gebäude der Akademie ist denkmalgeschützt.
The academy building is a protected historic monument.
das Gebäude means the building, and denkmalgeschützt means protected as a historic monument. Der Akademie is genitive because it shows whose building it is; ist is the finite verb in position two.
Die Akademien arbeiten gemeinsam an einem Projekt.
The academies are working together on a project.
gemeinsam means together, arbeiten means work, and ein Projekt means a project. Akademien is plural and nominative because it is the subject; an einem Projekt is dative because an refers to the subject of work or involvement here.
anrechnen — to credit, count towards; to hold against, give credit for
In the pattern jemandem etwas anrechnen, the person receiving the credit is dative and the credited thing is accusative. It means that something contributes to a result or total.
Die Schule rechnet ihr die Erfahrung an.
The school counts her experience as a credit.
die Schule means the school and die Erfahrung means the experience. Ihr is dative for the person receiving the credit, while die Erfahrung is accusative; the finite verb rechnet is in position two.
Die Universität hat ihm das Praktikum angerechnet.
The university credited the internship to him.
die Universität means the university, ihm means to him, and das Praktikum means the internship. Ihm is dative and das Praktikum is accusative; the perfect uses hat with angerechnet at the end.
Der Arbeitgeber rechnete ihr die Überstunden an.
The employer counted her overtime as a credit.
der Arbeitgeber means the employer and die Überstunden means overtime hours. Ihr is dative and die Überstunden is accusative; rechnete is the past-tense verb and an closes the clause.
Rechne ihm die Fahrtkosten an!
Count the travel costs as a credit for him!
ihm means to him and die Fahrtkosten means the travel costs. The person is dative and the costs are accusative; in the command, an goes to the end.
Ich würde ihr die Kosten anrechnen.
I would credit the costs to her.
ihr means to her and die Kosten means the costs. Würde gives the conditional meaning, while anrechnen goes to the end; ihr is dative and die Kosten accusative.
Der Kurs wird ihm die Prüfung anrechnen.
The course will count the examination as a credit for him.
der Kurs means the course and die Prüfung means the examination. Future uses wird in position two and anrechnen at the end; ihm is dative and die Prüfung is accusative.
Ich rechne ihm den Fehler nicht an.
I do not hold the mistake against him.
ihm means to him or against him here, and der Fehler means the mistake. Ihm is dative and den Fehler is accusative; nicht negates the phrase and an is at the end.
Wir rechnen ihr ihre Geduld hoch an.
We give her a lot of credit for her patience.
ihre Geduld means her patience and hoch means highly or a lot in this expression. Ihr is dative and ihre Geduld is accusative; rechnen is in position two and an is separated to the end.
die Anwesenheit — presence, attendance
Anwesenheit is more formal than simply saying that someone da is present. Its opposite is Abwesenheit, meaning absence.
Die Anwesenheit aller Schüler ist heute wichtig.
The attendance of all the pupils is important today.
alle Schüler means all the pupils, and heute means today. Die Anwesenheit is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir prüfen die Anwesenheit der Gäste.
We are checking the guests’ attendance.
prüfen means to check, and die Gäste means the guests. Die Anwesenheit is accusative because prüfen takes a direct object, while the finite verb prüfen stands in position two.
Bei der Anwesenheit der Eltern bleibt die Tür offen.
When the parents are present, the door remains open.
bei means when or in the presence of, die Eltern means the parents, and offen means open. Bei requires the dative, so the feminine article is der; the finite verb bleibt is in position two.
Die Kontrolle der Anwesenheit dauert zehn Minuten.
Checking attendance takes ten minutes.
die Kontrolle means the checking or check, dauern means to last, and zehn Minuten means ten minutes. Der Anwesenheit is genitive because it specifies what is being checked; the finite verb dauert stands in position two.
Die Anwesenheiten der Kinder werden jeden Morgen notiert.
The children’s attendances are recorded every morning.
die Kinder means the children, jeden Morgen means every morning, and notiert means recorded. Anwesenheiten is the plural subject, and werden notiert is the passive construction, with the participle at the end.
ausbilden — to train, to educate for a profession
Ausbilden usually means training someone for a profession and takes an accusative object. It is separable: in a main clause bildet ... aus, but the infinitive and Partizip II stay together.
Die Firma bildet drei Lehrlinge aus.
The company is training three apprentices.
die Firma means the company, and drei Lehrlinge means three apprentices. Drei Lehrlinge is accusative because ausbilden takes a direct object; the finite part bildet is in position two and aus goes to the end.
Die Firma hat drei Lehrlinge ausgebildet.
The company has trained three apprentices.
hat means has, and ausgebildet means trained. The object drei Lehrlinge is accusative, while the Partizip II ausgebildet goes to the end and takes haben, not sein.
Die Firma bildete drei Lehrlinge aus.
The company trained three apprentices.
bildete means trained, and Lehrlinge means apprentices. The object is accusative because the verb is transitive; in the simple past, bildete is in position two and aus is separated to the end.
Bilde den neuen Mitarbeiter aus!
Train the new employee!
den neuen Mitarbeiter means the new employee. It is accusative as the direct object, and the imperative places bilde first while the prefix aus goes to the end.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, würde ich ihn ausbilden.
If I had more time, I would train him.
wenn means if, mehr Zeit means more time, and ihn means him. Ihn is accusative because it is the object of ausbilden; hätte goes to the end of the if-clause, and the infinitive ausbilden follows würde at the end of the main clause.
Die Firma wird nächstes Jahr drei Lehrlinge ausbilden.
The company will train three apprentices next year.
nächstes Jahr means next year, and drei Lehrlinge means three apprentices. Drei Lehrlinge is accusative as the direct object; wird stands in position two and the infinitive ausbilden goes to the end.
der Ausbildungsplatz — apprenticeship, vocational training place
der Ausbildungsplatz is the concrete place or position, while die Ausbildung is the training itself. A person can apply for an Ausbildungsplatz and then do an Ausbildung.
Der Ausbildungsplatz ist noch frei.
The apprenticeship is still available.
ist noch frei means is still available. Der Ausbildungsplatz is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich suche einen Ausbildungsplatz.
I am looking for an apprenticeship.
suche means am looking for. Einen Ausbildungsplatz is accusative because suchen takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from ein to einen.
Sie hilft mir bei einem Ausbildungsplatz.
She helps me with finding an apprenticeship.
hilft means helps, mir means me, and bei means with or in the matter of. Einem Ausbildungsplatz is dative because bei takes the dative; in natural German, bei der Suche nach einem Ausbildungsplatz is often clearer for this meaning.
Die Bewerbung des Ausbildungsplatzes war erfolgreich.
The application for the apprenticeship was successful.
die Bewerbung means the application, and erfolgreich means successful. Des Ausbildungsplatzes is genitive because it specifies which application is meant; the masculine noun has -es and the article is des.
Viele Jugendliche suchen Ausbildungsplätze.
Many young people are looking for apprenticeships.
viele Jugendliche means many young people, and suchen means are looking for. Ausbildungsplätze is plural and accusative after suchen; the plural has -e and an umlaut.
ausgebildet — trained, qualified
Ausgebildet usually describes someone who has completed professional or practical training. For natural emphasis, German often says gut ausgebildet or besser ausgebildet rather than using the bare comparison forms.
Die Ärztin ist gut ausgebildet.
The doctor is well trained.
die Ärztin means the female doctor and gut means well. Ausgebildet is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; sein links the subject to its description.
Wir suchen eine ausgebildete Pflegekraft.
We are looking for a trained nurse.
suchen means to look for and die Pflegekraft means the nurse or care worker. Eine ausgebildete Pflegekraft is accusative because suchen takes a direct object, and the adjective has -e after the feminine indefinite article eine.
Sie ist ausgebildeter als ihr Kollege.
She is better trained than her colleague.
als means than and der Kollege means the colleague. Ausgebildeter is the comparative after ist; the comparison partner after als is normally nominative, and besser ausgebildet is often more natural in everyday German.
Von allen Bewerbern ist er am ausgebildetsten.
Of all the applicants, he is the most highly trained.
von allen Bewerbern means of all the applicants. Am ausgebildetsten is a predicative superlative after ist; von takes the dative, shown by allen Bewerbern, and am here is not a masculine article.
ausreichend — sufficient, adequate
ausreichend means enough for a specific purpose. It is a normal adjective and can be compared as ausreichender and am ausreichendsten, although genügend is often more idiomatic in everyday speech.
Das Essen ist ausreichend.
The food is sufficient.
das Essen means the food. The adjective is predicative after ist and therefore has no ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir haben ausreichende Vorräte für den Winter.
We have sufficient supplies for the winter.
Vorräte means supplies and der Winter means winter. ausreichende has an adjective ending because it stands before the plural noun Vorräte; the noun is accusative because haben takes an accusative object.
Diese Lösung ist ausreichender als die alte.
This solution is more adequate than the old one.
diese Lösung means this solution and die alte means the old one. ausreichender is the comparative and als introduces the thing being compared; the adjective is predicative after ist and has no ending.
Von allen Vorschlägen ist dieser am ausreichendsten.
Of all the suggestions, this one is the most adequate.
von allen Vorschlägen means of all the suggestions and dieser means this one. am ausreichendsten is the predicative superlative; von takes the dative, and the finite verb ist remains in position two.
Für den Kurs wird das Material ausreichend sein.
The material will be sufficient for the course.
für den Kurs means for the course and das Material means the material. ausreichend is predicative after sein; in the future construction, wird is in position two and sein goes to the end.
auswendig — by heart; from memory
Auswendig is an adverb and is especially common with lernen and können. It does not change its form.
Ich kann das Gedicht auswendig.
I know the poem by heart.
kann means can, and das Gedicht is the poem. Auswendig means by heart; das Gedicht is accusative because können here has it as its direct object.
Sie lernt den Text auswendig.
She is learning the text by heart.
lernt means is learning, and der Text is the text. Den Text is accusative because lernen takes a direct object, while auswendig says that she is memorising it rather than simply reading it.
der Auszubildende — trainee, apprentice
This is a masculine noun made from an adjective-like form. It is a weak noun: use der Auszubildende only in the nominative singular and den, dem, or des Auszubildenden in the other cases.
Der Auszubildende arbeitet heute in der Werkstatt.
The trainee is working in the workshop today.
arbeitet means is working, heute means today, and die Werkstatt is the workshop. Der Auszubildende is nominative because he is the subject, and arbeitet stands in position two.
Der Chef lobt den Auszubildenden.
The boss praises the trainee.
der Chef is the boss and lobt means praises. Den Auszubildenden is accusative because loben takes a direct object; the masculine noun needs -en here.
Die Kollegin hilft dem Auszubildenden.
The colleague helps the trainee.
die Kollegin is the female colleague and hilft means helps. Dem Auszubildenden is dative because helfen requires the dative; this noun keeps -en outside the nominative singular.
Das Fahrrad des Auszubildenden steht vor der Tür.
The trainee's bicycle is in front of the door.
das Fahrrad is the bicycle, steht means is standing, and vor der Tür means in front of the door. Des Auszubildenden is genitive because it shows possession, and the noun has the ending -en.
Die Auszubildenden lernen gemeinsam für die Prüfung.
The trainees study together for the exam.
lernen means study, gemeinsam means together, and die Prüfung is the exam. Die Auszubildenden is plural, and für takes the accusative.
die Auszubildende — female trainee, apprentice
This is the feminine form of der Auszubildende. It follows adjective-like declension: die Auszubildende in the nominative and accusative singular, but der Auszubildenden in the dative and genitive.
Die Auszubildende arbeitet heute in der Werkstatt.
The trainee is working in the workshop today.
arbeitet means is working, heute means today, and die Werkstatt is the workshop. Die Auszubildende is nominative because she is the subject, and arbeitet stands in position two.
Der Chef lobt die Auszubildende.
The boss praises the trainee.
der Chef is the boss and lobt means praises. Die Auszubildende is accusative because loben takes a direct object; the feminine form does not change here.
Die Kollegin hilft der Auszubildenden.
The colleague helps the trainee.
die Kollegin is the female colleague and hilft means helps. Der Auszubildenden is dative because helfen requires the dative, and the noun takes -en.
Das Fahrrad der Auszubildenden steht vor der Tür.
The trainee's bicycle is in front of the door.
das Fahrrad is the bicycle, steht means is standing, and vor der Tür means in front of the door. Der Auszubildenden is genitive because it shows possession, and the noun ends in -en.
Die Auszubildenden lernen gemeinsam für die Prüfung.
The trainees study together for the exam.
lernen means study, gemeinsam means together, and die Prüfung is the exam. Die Auszubildenden is plural, and für takes the accusative.
der Bachelor — bachelor's degree; bachelor's graduate
In German, der Bachelor can mean the degree itself or a person who has earned it; context makes the meaning clear. Its plural is normally die Bachelor, without an ending.
Mein Bruder macht gerade den Bachelor.
My brother is currently doing a bachelor's degree.
mein Bruder means my brother, gerade means currently, and macht means is doing. den Bachelor is accusative because machen takes a direct object; the finite verb macht stands in position two.
Sie hat den Bachelor in Biologie.
She has a bachelor's degree in biology.
sie means she, hat means has, and Biologie is biology. den Bachelor is accusative as the object of haben; the Partizip II gehabt is not needed here because hat is the main verb meaning has.
Nach dem Bachelor arbeitet er in einer Firma.
After his bachelor's degree, he works at a company.
nach means after, arbeitet means works, and eine Firma is a company. dem Bachelor is dative because nach always takes the dative; the phrase comes first, so arbeitet remains in position two.
Die Dauer des Bachelors beträgt drei Jahre.
The duration of the bachelor's degree is three years.
die Dauer means the duration, and beträgt means amounts to or is. des Bachelors is genitive because it specifies the duration of what; this borrowed masculine noun adds -s.
Viele Bachelor arbeiten später im Ausland.
Many bachelor's degree graduates later work abroad.
viele means many, später means later, and im Ausland means abroad. Bachelor is unchanged in the plural; the plural meaning comes from viele, and arbeiten agrees with the plural subject.
befriedigend — satisfying, satisfactory
Befriedigend describes something that meets expectations or gives an acceptable result. It is not the same as befriedigt, which describes a person or need after satisfaction has occurred.
Das Ergebnis ist befriedigend.
The result is satisfactory.
das Ergebnis means the result. Befriedigend is predicative after sein, so it has no adjective ending; it describes the result rather than agreeing with a noun before it.
Wir haben eine befriedigende Antwort bekommen.
We received a satisfactory answer.
bekommen means to receive or get, and die Antwort means the answer. Befriedigende stands before the feminine accusative noun after eine and therefore takes -e; the direct object of bekommen is accusative.
Diese Erklärung ist befriedigender als die vorige.
This explanation is more satisfactory than the previous one.
die Erklärung means the explanation and vorig means previous. Befriedigender is predicative after sein, so it has no adjective ending; comparisons with an unequal result use als, not wie.
Das war die am befriedigendsten?
That was the most satisfactory?
das war means that was, but the natural superlative before a noun is die befriedigendste Lösung; am befriedigendsten is used predicatively, for example Die Lösung war am befriedigendsten. The am-form therefore should not be placed directly before a noun.
die Begabung — talent; ability
Die Begabung is a natural ability, while die Fähigkeit can also refer to a learned or developed skill. The noun is often used with für plus an accusative activity or subject.
Ihre Begabung für Sprachen ist beeindruckend.
Her talent for languages is impressive.
Ihre means her, Sprachen means languages, and beeindruckend means impressive. Begabung is nominative because it is the subject; für takes the accusative here, and ist stands in position two.
Der Lehrer erkennt die Begabung des Kindes.
The teacher recognises the child’s talent.
Lehrer means teacher, erkennt means recognises, and des Kindes means of the child. Die Begabung is accusative because erkennen takes a direct object, while des Kindes is genitive to show possession.
Sie gibt ihrer Begabung mehr Raum.
She gives her talent more space.
gibt ... Raum means gives ... space, and mehr means more. Ihrer Begabung is dative because geben assigns the recipient or beneficiary dative, while Raum is the accusative thing given.
Die Entwicklung der Begabung braucht Zeit.
The development of the talent takes time.
Entwicklung means development, and braucht Zeit means takes time. Der Begabung is genitive because it identifies whose development is meant; the singular subject Entwicklung controls braucht.
Kinder haben oft verschiedene Begabungen.
Children often have different talents.
Kinder means children, oft means often, and verschiedene means different. Begabungen is plural and accusative because haben takes a direct object; the plural article is omitted after verschiedene.
belegen — to enrol in, occupy; to cover; to prove; to top, to cover with food; to prove, substantiate, support with evidence
The meaning depends on the object: einen Kurs belegen means to enrol in a course, while eine Pizza belegen means to add toppings to a pizza. In the sense “prove,” it is often used with mit plus the dative, as in etwas mit Zahlen belegen.
Ich belege dieses Semester einen Deutschkurs.
I am taking a German course this semester.
dieses Semester means this semester, and einen Deutschkurs is a German course. The finite verb belege stands in position two, and einen Deutschkurs is accusative because belegen takes an accusative object.
Ich habe im letzten Jahr einen Computerkurs belegt.
I took a computer course last year.
im letzten Jahr means last year, and einen Computerkurs is a computer course. The perfect uses habe plus belegt; belegt goes to the end, and the course is accusative because it is the object of belegen.
Sie belegte an der Universität einen Sprachkurs.
She took a language course at the university.
an der Universität means at the university, and einen Sprachkurs is a language course. Belegte is the simple-past form and stands in position two; einen Sprachkurs is accusative because belegen takes an accusative object.
Belege bitte einen Kurs im nächsten Semester!
Please enrol in a course next semester!
bitte means please, and im nächsten Semester means next semester. Belege is the du imperative, and einen Kurs is accusative because it is the object of belegen.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, belegte ich noch einen Kurs.
If I had more time, I would take another course.
wenn means if, mehr Zeit means more time, and noch einen Kurs means another course. In the wenn clause, hätte goes to the end; belegte is the Konjunktiv II form in the main clause, and einen Kurs is accusative.
Nächstes Jahr werde ich einen Abendkurs belegen.
Next year I will take an evening course.
nächstes Jahr means next year, and einen Abendkurs is an evening course. Future uses werde in position two and the infinitive belegen at the end; einen Abendkurs is accusative.
Wir belegen die Pizza mit frischen Pilzen.
We are topping the pizza with fresh mushrooms.
die Pizza is the pizza, and frischen Pilzen means fresh mushrooms. Die Pizza is accusative because it is the object of belegen; mit always takes the dative, so frischen Pilzen is dative.
Er belegte das Brot mit Käse und Tomaten.
He topped the bread with cheese and tomatoes.
das Brot is the bread, and Käse und Tomaten means cheese and tomatoes. Das Brot is accusative after belegen, while mit forces the dative in mit Käse und Tomaten.
Die Zahlen belegen den Erfolg des Projekts.
The figures prove the success of the project.
die Zahlen are the figures, den Erfolg is the success, and das Projekt is the project. Den Erfolg is accusative because it is the object of belegen; des Projekts is genitive and means of the project.
Sie belegte ihre Aussage mit einem offiziellen Dokument.
She supported her statement with an official document.
ihre Aussage means her statement, and einem offiziellen Dokument means an official document. Ihre Aussage is accusative after belegen, while mit forces the dative in mit einem offiziellen Dokument.
die Berufsausbildung — vocational training, apprenticeship
A Berufsausbildung prepares someone for a specific job and often includes both workplace training and vocational school. The phrase eine Berufsausbildung machen means to complete or undergo vocational training.
Die Berufsausbildung dauert drei Jahre.
The vocational training lasts three years.
dauert means lasts, and drei Jahre means three years. Die Berufsausbildung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb dauert stands in position two.
Ich beginne die Berufsausbildung im September.
I am starting the vocational training in September.
ich is I, beginne means start, and im September means in September. Die Berufsausbildung is accusative because beginnen takes a direct object; the finite verb beginne is in position two.
Nach der Schule hilft er bei der Berufsausbildung.
After school, he helps with the vocational training.
nach der Schule means after school, and hilft means helps. Bei always takes the dative, so der Berufsausbildung is dative; the finite verb hilft remains in position two after the opening phrase.
Die Dauer der Berufsausbildung ist geregelt.
The duration of the vocational training is regulated.
die Dauer means the duration, and geregelt means regulated. Der Berufsausbildung is genitive because it identifies whose duration is meant; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Viele Berufsausbildungen beginnen im August.
Many vocational training programmes begin in August.
viele means many, and beginnen means begin. Berufsausbildungen is the plural subject, so the article is not needed here; the finite verb beginnen stands in position two.
die Berufsberatung — career counselling
Berufsberatung is advice about choosing a profession or training, not general personal counselling. It is often used with zur Berufsberatung gehen, meaning to go to career counselling.
Die Berufsberatung hilft jungen Menschen.
Career counselling helps young people.
hilft means helps, and jungen Menschen means young people. Die Berufsberatung is nominative as the subject, while jungen Menschen is dative because helfen takes a dative person; hilft stands in position two.
Ich brauche die Berufsberatung vor dem Studium.
I need career counselling before university.
ich brauche means I need, vor means before, and das Studium means university studies. Die Berufsberatung is accusative because brauchen takes a direct object; vor dem Studium is a time phrase with dative.
Wir sprechen mit der Berufsberatung.
We are talking with career counselling services.
wir sprechen means we are talking, and mit means with. Mit always takes the dative, so der Berufsberatung is dative; the finite verb sprechen stands in position two.
Die Aufgabe der Berufsberatung ist wichtig.
The task of career counselling is important.
die Aufgabe means the task, and wichtig means important. Der Berufsberatung is genitive because it shows whose task is meant; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
In der Stadt gibt es mehrere Berufsberatungen.
There are several career-counselling services in the city.
in der Stadt means in the city, gibt es means there are, and mehrere means several. After es gibt, the plural noun is accusative, although its form is the same as nominative; gibt stands in position two.
das Berufspraktikum — internship, work-experience placement
Das Berufspraktikum is usually a short placement connected with education or career training, not a permanent job.
Das Berufspraktikum beginnt im Juli.
The internship begins in July.
beginnt means begins, and im Juli means in July. Das Berufspraktikum is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Ich mache ein Berufspraktikum in einer Werkstatt.
I am doing an internship in a workshop.
mache means am doing, in einer Werkstatt means in a workshop, and Werkstatt is workshop. Ein Berufspraktikum is accusative because machen takes a direct object; the finite verb mache is in position two.
Nach der Schule hilft mir ein Berufspraktikum.
An internship helps me after school.
Nach der Schule means after school, and hilft mir means helps me. Ein Berufspraktikum is nominative here because it is the subject, while mir is dative because helfen takes a dative person; the verb hilft stands in position two.
Die Dauer des Berufspraktikums beträgt drei Monate.
The duration of the internship is three months.
Die Dauer means the duration, and beträgt drei Monate means is three months long. Des Berufspraktikums is genitive because it specifies whose duration is meant; the finite verb beträgt is in position two.
Viele Studierende machen Berufspraktika im Sommer.
Many students do internships in summer.
Viele Studierende means many students, and im Sommer means in summer. Berufspraktika is the plural without an ending added to the stem; the verb machen is plural because Studierende is the subject.
die Berufsschule — vocational school, trade school
Die Berufsschule combines classroom teaching with training for a particular occupation. In Germany, apprentices often attend it during their training.
Die Berufsschule liegt neben dem Bahnhof.
The vocational school is next to the railway station.
liegt means is located, neben means next to, and der Bahnhof is the railway station. Die Berufsschule is nominative because it is the subject; neben dem Bahnhof is a location phrase with dative, and liegt is in position two.
Ich besuche die Berufsschule zweimal pro Woche.
I attend vocational school twice a week.
besuche means attend, and zweimal pro Woche means twice a week. Die Berufsschule is accusative because besuchen takes a direct object; the finite verb besuche stands in position two.
Ich lerne in der Berufsschule viel Neues.
I learn many new things at vocational school.
lerne means learn, and viel Neues means many new things. In der Berufsschule describes a fixed location, so in takes dative; the verb lerne is in position two.
Der Eingang der Berufsschule ist dort.
The entrance to the vocational school is over there.
Der Eingang means the entrance, and dort means over there. Der Berufsschule is genitive because it identifies which entrance is meant; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Viele Berufsschulen bieten moderne Kurse an.
Many vocational schools offer modern courses.
Viele means many, bieten ... an means offer, and moderne Kurse means modern courses. Berufsschulen is the plural with -n; the separable verb bieten ... an puts an at the end of this main clause.
der Betreuer — supervisor, support worker, mentor
Der Betreuer is the masculine person noun for someone who supervises or supports others; the feminine form is die Betreuerin. Its plural is die Betreuer, with no ending, while the genitive singular is des Betreuers.
Der Betreuer erklärt den Studenten den Plan.
The supervisor explains the plan to the students.
erklären means “to explain”, den Studenten means “to the students”, and den Plan means “the plan”. Der Betreuer is nominative because it is the subject; den Studenten is dative as the recipients, and den Plan is accusative as the thing explained.
Ich suche einen Betreuer für meine Arbeit.
I am looking for a supervisor for my project.
suche means “am looking for”, and meine Arbeit means “my project or work”. Einen Betreuer is accusative because suchen takes an accusative object; für also forces the accusative in für meine Arbeit.
Ich danke dem Betreuer für seine Hilfe.
I thank the supervisor for his help.
danke means “thank”, and seine Hilfe means “his help”. Dem Betreuer is dative because danken requires a dative person, while für seine Hilfe is accusative after für.
Das Büro des Betreuers ist im zweiten Stock.
The supervisor’s office is on the second floor.
das Büro means “the office”, and im zweiten Stock means “on the second floor”. Des Betreuers is genitive and shows possession; the masculine noun adds -s, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Die Betreuer treffen sich um neun Uhr.
The supervisors meet at nine o’clock.
treffen sich means “meet each other”, and um neun Uhr means “at nine o’clock”. Die Betreuer is the plural subject in the nominative, and the plural form is identical to the singular apart from the article.
bewerben — to apply (for), to advertise
For applying, the usual form is reflexive: sich um etwas bewerben. The preposition um takes the accusative, while bei is used for the organisation and takes the dative.
Ich bewerbe mich um eine Stelle.
I am applying for a position.
mich means myself, and eine Stelle means a position or job. Mich is the accusative reflexive pronoun, while um eine Stelle uses accusative after um; the finite verb bewerbe is in position two.
Ich habe mich um die Stelle beworben.
I applied for the position.
die Stelle means the position. The perfect uses habe plus beworben, with the Partizip II at the end; mich is the reflexive pronoun and um die Stelle is accusative.
Er bewarb sich bei einer internationalen Firma.
He applied to an international company.
bei einer internationalen Firma means at an international company. Bei always takes the dative, while sich is the reflexive pronoun; the strong past form bewarb stands in position two.
Bewirb dich noch heute!
Apply today!
noch heute means today still, or today without delay. Bewirb is the du imperative, and dich is required as the accusative reflexive pronoun; the pronoun follows the verb.
Wenn ich mehr Erfahrung hätte, würde ich mich dort bewerben.
If I had more experience, I would apply there.
mehr Erfahrung means more experience, and dort means there. The wenn clause sends hätte to the end; würde is in position two and the infinitive bewerben closes the main clause.
Sie wird sich um ein Praktikum bewerben.
She will apply for an internship.
ein Praktikum means an internship. Future uses wird in position two and bewerben at the end; sich is the reflexive pronoun and um ein Praktikum is accusative.
die Bewerbung — application
A Bewerbung is an application, especially for a job, university place or training course. It can mean both the process of applying and the written application documents.
Die Bewerbung ist vollständig.
The application is complete.
vollständig means complete. Die Bewerbung is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich schreibe eine Bewerbung.
I am writing an application.
schreibe means write. Eine Bewerbung is accusative because schreiben takes a direct object; the finite verb schreibe is in position two.
Ich füge der Bewerbung meinen Lebenslauf bei.
I attach my CV to the application.
füge ... bei means attach, and mein Lebenslauf means my CV. Der Bewerbung is dative because it is the recipient or target of the attachment; the separable verb places bei at the end.
Der Inhalt der Bewerbung ist überzeugend.
The content of the application is convincing.
der Inhalt means the content, and überzeugend means convincing. Der Bewerbung is genitive because it identifies which content is meant; feminine genitive uses der.
Wir bearbeiten heute viele Bewerbungen.
We are processing many applications today.
bearbeiten means process, and heute means today. Viele Bewerbungen is plural and accusative because it is the object of bearbeiten; the plural ending is -en.
der Bildungsweg — educational path; education and training route
Der Bildungsweg describes the stages of a person’s education and training, often including school, vocational training, or university. It is a compound of Bildung and Weg, so its grammatical gender and plural come from Weg.
Der Bildungsweg meines Bruders war nicht geradlinig.
My brother’s educational path was not straightforward.
meines Bruders means “of my brother”, and nicht geradlinig means “not straightforward”. Der Bildungsweg is nominative because it is the subject, while the possessive phrase meines Bruders is genitive; the finite verb war stands in position two.
Viele Jugendliche wählen einen praktischen Bildungsweg.
Many young people choose a practical educational path.
Viele Jugendliche means “many young people”, wählen means “choose”, and praktisch means “practical”. Einen praktischen Bildungsweg is accusative because wählen takes a direct object, and the adjective has the ending -en after einen.
Die Beraterin hilft den Schülern bei ihrem Bildungsweg.
The adviser helps the pupils with their educational path.
Die Beraterin is “the adviser”, hilft means “helps”, and den Schülern means “the pupils”. Helfen takes a dative person, and bei also forces the dative in bei ihrem Bildungsweg; the finite verb hilft is in position two.
Die Länge des Bildungsweges hängt von den Möglichkeiten ab.
The length of the educational path depends on the opportunities.
Die Länge means “the length”, hängt ... ab means “depends”, and die Möglichkeiten means “the opportunities”. Des Bildungsweges is genitive because it specifies the length, while von den Möglichkeiten is dative after von; the separable verb abhängen splits in the main clause.
Unterschiedliche Bildungswege führen zu verschiedenen Berufen.
Different educational paths lead to different professions.
Unterschiedliche means “different”, führen zu means “lead to”, and verschiedene Berufe means “different professions”. Bildungswege is the plural nominative subject, and zu forces the dative in zu verschiedenen Berufen.
die Chemie — chemistry; chemistry between people
Chemie is normally a mass noun for the school or science subject, so it has no ordinary plural. It can also mean a natural connection between people, as in die Chemie zwischen ihnen.
Chemie ist mein Lieblingsfach.
Chemistry is my favourite subject.
mein Lieblingsfach means my favourite subject. Chemie is nominative because it is the subject, and ist stands in position two; Chemie is normally used as a singular mass noun here.
Ich lerne Chemie für die Prüfung.
I am studying chemistry for the exam.
lerne means study or learn, für means for, and die Prüfung is the exam. Chemie is the accusative object of lernen, but it has no article because it is an uncountable school subject.
Wir sprechen in der Pause über Chemie.
We are talking about chemistry during the break.
in der Pause means during the break, and über means about. Here über Chemie is an accusative prepositional phrase because über means “about” in this use; the noun has no article as a subject area.
Die Grundlagen der Chemie sind interessant.
The basics of chemistry are interesting.
die Grundlagen means the basics, and interessant means interesting. Der Chemie is genitive after Grundlagen to mean “the basics of chemistry”; sind is in position two.
An der Universität gibt es mehrere Fächer für Chemie.
There are several chemistry subjects at the university.
die Universität is the university, mehrere Fächer means several subjects, and für means for. Chemie is a mass noun with no plural; this sentence shows the word in a phrase about several chemistry subjects, while für takes the accusative.
Die Chemie zwischen den beiden ist gut.
The chemistry between the two of them is good.
zwischen den beiden means between the two of them, and gut means good. Die Chemie is nominative as the subject; den beiden is dative because zwischen describes a fixed relationship or location here.
das Diplom — diploma, degree; professional qualification, certificate
A Diplom is a degree or certificate, traditionally associated with a German university or technical college. It is not always the same as an English “diploma,” which can also mean a school qualification.
Das Diplom hängt an der Wand.
The diploma is hanging on the wall.
hängt means is hanging, an der Wand means on the wall, and die Wand means the wall. Das Diplom is nominative as the subject, while an der Wand is dative because it describes a fixed location.
Sie hat ihr Diplom erhalten.
She received her diploma.
sie hat erhalten means she received, and ihr means her. Ihr Diplom is accusative because erhalten takes a direct object; the Partizip II erhalten goes to the end of the perfect clause.
Die Universität verleiht ihm ein Diplom.
The university awards him a diploma.
die Universität means the university, verleiht means awards, and ihm means to him. Ihm is dative as the recipient, while ein Diplom is accusative as the thing awarded.
Die Anerkennung des Diploms dauerte mehrere Wochen.
Recognition of the diploma took several weeks.
die Anerkennung means recognition, dauerte means lasted, and mehrere Wochen means several weeks. Des Diploms is genitive and specifies which recognition is meant; dauerte is the finite verb in position two.
Die Diplome werden heute verliehen.
The diplomas are being awarded today.
werden verliehen means are being awarded, and heute means today. Die Diplome is the plural subject in the passive; werden is in position two and verliehen goes to the end.
Nach dem Studium bekam er sein Diplom.
After his studies, he received his diploma.
nach dem Studium means after his studies, and bekam means received. Nach always takes the dative, while sein Diplom is accusative as the object of bekam.
Für die Stelle braucht man ein Diplom.
You need a diploma for the position.
für die Stelle means for the position, braucht man means one needs, and braucht means needs. Für always takes the accusative, and ein Diplom is accusative as the thing required.
Sein Diplom öffnete ihm viele Türen.
His qualification opened many doors for him.
sein means his, öffnete means opened, and viele Türen means many doors as an expression for opportunities. Sein Diplom is nominative as the subject, while ihm is dative for the person who benefited.
durchfallen — to fail, to flunk; to fall through
For examinations, durchfallen means to fail; the opposite is bestehen. It is separable, so durch moves to the end in a main clause, but the infinitive and Partizip II stay together.
Ich falle bei der Prüfung durch.
I am failing the exam.
die Prüfung is the exam. The prefix durch is separated from falle and goes to the end because this is a main clause; bei der Prüfung uses the dative after bei.
Sie ist bei der Fahrprüfung durchgefallen.
She failed her driving test.
sie means she, and die Fahrprüfung is the driving test. The perfect uses ist plus durchgefallen because this verb takes sein; the Partizip II stands at the end.
Er fiel zweimal durch die Prüfung durch.
He failed the exam twice.
zweimal means twice. In the simple past, the finite form is fiel and the prefix durch goes to the end; die Prüfung is accusative as the object of the preposition-like phrase durchfallen in this usage.
Fall nicht bei der Prüfung durch!
Don't fail the exam!
nicht means not, and die Prüfung is the exam. The informal imperative uses fall without du, while the separable prefix durch remains at the end.
Wenn ich nicht lerne, würde ich wahrscheinlich durchfallen.
If I do not study, I would probably fail.
wenn means if, lernen means study, and wahrscheinlich means probably. In the subordinate clause the whole infinitive durchfallen goes to the end; würde plus the infinitive expresses an unreal or imagined result.
Wenn du nicht lernst, wirst du durchfallen.
If you do not study, you will fail.
wenn means if and lernen means study. wirst is the future form of werden, while durchfallen goes to the end of the main clause; the condition after wenn has its finite verb at the end.
Der Ball ist durch das Loch durchgefallen.
The ball fell through the hole.
der Ball is the ball and das Loch is the hole. The perfect uses ist because the ball moves, and the whole Partizip II durchgefallen stands at the end; durch das Loch is accusative because it expresses movement through.
Das kleine Spielzeug fällt unter das Sofa durch.
The small toy falls through under the sofa.
das kleine Spielzeug is the small toy, unter means under, and das Sofa is the sofa. The finite verb fällt is in position two and durch is separated to the end; the sentence describes movement, so unter das Sofa is accusative.
einreichen — to submit, to hand in
Einreichen is common for submitting official documents, applications and forms. It is separable: einreichen becomes reicht ein in a main clause, but stays together after a modal verb or in a subordinate clause.
Ich reiche den Antrag heute ein.
I am submitting the application today.
der Antrag means the application, and heute means today. Den Antrag is accusative because it is the document being submitted; the finite verb reiche is in position two and ein goes to the end.
Sie hat die Unterlagen online eingereicht.
She submitted the documents online.
die Unterlagen means the documents, and online means online. Die Unterlagen is accusative as the object of einreichen; eingereicht is the Partizip II and stands at the end with hat.
Er reichte den Vertrag fristgerecht ein.
He submitted the contract on time.
der Vertrag means the contract, and fristgerecht means by the deadline. Den Vertrag is accusative because it is submitted; reichte is in position two and ein is separated to the end.
Reich das Formular bitte ein!
Please submit the form!
das Formular means the form, and bitte means please. This is the informal singular imperative; das Formular is accusative, and the prefix ein goes at the end.
Ich würde die Rechnung morgen einreichen.
I would submit the invoice tomorrow.
die Rechnung means the invoice, and morgen means tomorrow. Die Rechnung is accusative as the submitted document; in the Konjunktiv II, würde is in position two and the complete infinitive einreichen goes to the end.
Wir werden den Bericht bis Freitag einreichen.
We will submit the report by Friday.
der Bericht means the report, and bis Freitag means by Friday. Den Bericht is accusative because it is submitted; werden is in position two and einreichen goes to the end.
einsenden — to submit; to send in
Einsenden is a separable verb used especially for forms, applications, and documents. It takes an accusative object and forms the perfect with haben; eingesandt and eingesendet are both used, with eingesandt traditional and common in formal writing.
Er sendet den Antrag heute ein.
He is submitting the application today.
der Antrag means the application, and heute means today. Den Antrag is accusative because einsenden takes a direct object; the finite part sendet is in position two and ein goes to the end.
Wir haben alle Formulare eingesandt.
We have submitted all the forms.
alle Formulare means all the forms. The perfect uses haben and the Partizip II eingesandt at the end; the plural object is accusative because it is what was submitted.
Sie sandte die Unterlagen gestern ein.
She sent in the documents yesterday.
die Unterlagen means the documents, and gestern means yesterday. Sandte is the simple-past form of senden; because the verb is separable, ein stands at the end and the document phrase is accusative.
Sende das Formular bis Freitag ein.
Submit the form by Friday.
das Formular means the form, and bis Freitag means by Friday. This is the du imperative, with the prefix ein at the end; the direct object das Formular is accusative.
Du würdest die Bewerbung noch heute einsenden.
You would submit the application today.
die Bewerbung means the application, and noch heute means today or still today. Würdest ... einsenden expresses a hypothetical action; after würdest, the infinitive is one word at the end.
Die Firma wird die Bestätigung per E-Mail einsenden.
The company will send the confirmation by email.
die Firma means the company, die Bestätigung means the confirmation, and per E-Mail means by email. Wird ... einsenden forms the future; wird is in position two and the infinitive goes to the end, with die Bestätigung as accusative object.
erfahren — to experience; to find out; to find out; to hear about
This verb can mean personally experiencing something or finding out information. It takes an accusative object, and its strong forms are erfuhr and erfahren.
Ich erfahre jeden Tag etwas Neues.
I learn something new every day.
jeden Tag means every day and etwas Neues means something new. etwas Neues is accusative because erfahren takes an accusative object, and the finite verb erfahre is in position two.
Wir haben auf der Reise viel erfahren.
We experienced a lot on the trip.
auf der Reise means on the trip and viel means a lot. erfahren is the Partizip II and combines with haben; haben is in position two and the participle goes to the end.
Sie erfuhr große Angst.
She experienced great fear.
große Angst means great fear. große Angst is accusative as the object of erfuhr, and the strong Präteritum form erfuhr stands in position two.
Erfahr selbst, wie schwierig das ist.
Experience for yourself how difficult that is.
selbst means yourself and schwierig means difficult. Erfahr is an informal singular command; the object is the subordinate clause wie schwierig das ist, whose finite verb ist goes to the end.
Wenn du mehr erfahren würdest, wärst du ruhiger.
If you found out more, you would be calmer.
mehr means more and ruhiger means calmer. erfahren stays at the end of the wenn-clause, while würdest is the finite verb; the result clause has wärst in position two.
Du wirst bald die Wahrheit erfahren.
You will soon find out the truth.
bald means soon and die Wahrheit means the truth. die Wahrheit is accusative because it is the object of erfahren; wirst is in position two and the infinitive goes to the end.
Ich erfahre morgen das Ergebnis.
I will find out the result tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow and das Ergebnis means the result. das Ergebnis is accusative after erfahren, and erfahre stands in position two even though the time expression comes first in meaning.
Er hat von dem Unfall erfahren.
He heard about the accident.
der Unfall means the accident. von always takes the dative, so dem Unfall is dative; the perfect uses hat plus erfahren at the end.
das Examen — exam, examination; professional or state examination
Das Examen is a formal word for an important examination; in everyday speech, die Prüfung is often more common. Its plural is die Examina, and its genitive singular is des Examens.
Das Examen beginnt um neun Uhr.
The exam starts at nine o’clock.
beginnt means “starts,” and um neun Uhr means “at nine o’clock.” Das Examen is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Ich habe das Examen bestanden.
I passed the exam.
bestanden means “passed,” and haben forms the perfect here. Das Examen is accusative because bestehen takes an accusative object, while bestanden goes to the end of the clause.
Nach dem Examen fahre ich nach Hause.
After the exam, I am going home.
nach means “after” here, and nach Hause means “home.” Dem Examen is dative because the preposition nach takes the dative; the finite verb fahre is still in position two.
Die Ergebnisse des Examens kommen nächste Woche.
The results of the exam will come next week.
die Ergebnisse means “the results,” and nächste Woche means “next week.” Des Examens is genitive because it identifies whose results they are; the noun Examens takes -s in the genitive singular.
Die Examina an dieser Universität sind anspruchsvoll.
The exams at this university are demanding.
an dieser Universität means “at this university,” and anspruchsvoll means “demanding.” Die Examina is the plural subject, so the verb is sind; the plural is irregular-looking because it comes from Latin.
Sie bereitet sich auf das juristische Examen vor.
She is preparing for the law examination.
bereitet sich vor means “prepares,” and juristisch means “related to law.” Auf das Examen is accusative because sich vorbereiten auf takes the accusative; the separable verb places vor at the end.
Nach dem Staatsexamen darf er als Arzt arbeiten.
After the state examination, he may work as a doctor.
Staatsexamen means “state examination,” darf means “may,” and als Arzt means “as a doctor.” Nach dem Staatsexamen is dative because nach takes the dative; with the modal verb darf, the infinitive arbeiten goes to the end.
die Fachhochschule — university of applied sciences
A Fachhochschule is more practically oriented than a traditional university and offers degree programmes in fields such as engineering, business, or social work. The abbreviation FH is common in names and informal discussion.
Die Fachhochschule bietet viele Studiengänge an.
The university of applied sciences offers many degree programmes.
bietet ... an means offers, and Studiengänge means degree programmes. Die Fachhochschule is nominative because it is the subject; the separable verb bietet ... an has its finite part in position two and its prefix at the end.
Ich besuche eine Fachhochschule in Berlin.
I attend a university of applied sciences in Berlin.
besuche means attend or visit, and in Berlin means in Berlin. Eine Fachhochschule is accusative because besuchen takes a direct object; the feminine article eine is unchanged in this case.
Nach der Schule studiert sie an der Fachhochschule.
After school, she studies at the university of applied sciences.
nach der Schule means after school, and studiert means studies. An der Fachhochschule is dative because an describes a fixed location; in the main clause, studiert is in position two after the initial phrase.
Das Angebot der Fachhochschule ist sehr praktisch.
The range of courses at the university of applied sciences is very practical.
das Angebot means the range or offer of courses, and praktisch means practical. Der Fachhochschule is genitive because it identifies whose offer it is; the finite verb ist is in position two.
In Deutschland gibt es viele Fachhochschulen.
There are many universities of applied sciences in Germany.
in Deutschland means in Germany, and viele means many. Fachhochschulen is the plural; after es gibt, it is accusative, but the plural form remains Fachhochschulen.
die Fachschule — vocational school, specialist school
A Fachschule provides specialised vocational training. Do not confuse it with die Fachhochschule, a university of applied sciences.
Die Fachschule liegt in der Nähe des Bahnhofs.
The vocational school is near the railway station.
liegt means is located, and in der Nähe des Bahnhofs means near the railway station. Die Fachschule is nominative because it is the subject; des Bahnhofs is genitive after in der Nähe.
Meine Tochter besucht die Fachschule dieses Jahr.
My daughter is attending the vocational school this year.
meine Tochter means my daughter, besucht means attends, and dieses Jahr means this year. Die Fachschule is accusative because besuchen takes a direct object; with a feminine noun, nominative and accusative both use die.
Er lernt an der Fachschule für Elektrotechnik.
He studies at the vocational school for electrical engineering.
lernt means studies, and Elektrotechnik means electrical engineering. An der Fachschule is dative because an describes a fixed location here; the finite verb lernt is in position two.
Das Gebäude der Fachschule wurde renoviert.
The vocational school's building was renovated.
das Gebäude means the building, and wurde renoviert means was renovated. Der Fachschule is genitive because it shows whose building it is; the passive form places renoviert at the end.
In Deutschland gibt es viele Fachschulen.
There are many vocational schools in Germany.
in Deutschland means in Germany, and es gibt means there are. Fachschulen is the regular plural with -n; after es gibt, the plural noun is accusative, although the article is omitted here.
der Federhalter — pen holder
This word usually refers to a holder for a separate nib and is common when talking about traditional writing. It is a masculine noun with the unchanged plural Federhalter.
Der Federhalter liegt neben dem Tintenfass.
The pen holder is lying next to the inkwell.
liegen means to lie or be placed, neben means next to, and das Tintenfass is an inkwell. Der Federhalter is nominative because it is the subject, while dem Tintenfass is dative because neben describes a fixed location; the finite verb liegt is in position two.
Ich benutze den Federhalter im Kunstkurs.
I use the pen holder in the art class.
benutzen means to use, and der Kunstkurs is the art class. Den Federhalter is accusative because benutzen takes a direct object; the finite verb benutze stands in position two.
Sie schreibt mit dem Federhalter eine Karte.
She is writing a card with the pen holder.
schreiben means to write, eine Karte is a card, and mit means with. Dem Federhalter is dative because mit always takes the dative; eine Karte is accusative as the thing being written.
Die Spitze des Federhalters ist sehr fein.
The nib of the pen holder is very fine.
die Spitze is the nib or tip, and fein means fine or delicate. Des Federhalters is genitive because it shows whose tip it is; the masculine noun receives -s in the genitive singular.
Im Museum liegen viele alte Federhalter.
Many old pen holders are in the museum.
im Museum means in the museum, viele means many, and alt means old. Federhalter has the same spelling in the singular and plural, but viele and alte show that it is plural here; im marks a fixed location.
die Fortbildung — professional development, further training
Eine Fortbildung is additional training, usually connected with a person's job or profession. It is not simply any school lesson; it normally helps someone update or extend work-related skills.
Die Fortbildung beginnt am Montag.
The professional-development course starts on Monday.
beginnt means starts, and am Montag means on Monday. Die Fortbildung is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Ich mache die Fortbildung im Herbst.
I am doing the professional-development course in autumn.
machen means to do or take, and im Herbst means in autumn. Die Fortbildung is accusative because machen takes a direct object; the feminine article is still die.
Sie nimmt an der Fortbildung teil.
She takes part in the professional-development course.
teilnehmen means to take part, and sie means she. An takes the dative when it means participation in an event, so der Fortbildung is dative; the separable verb nimmt ... teil puts teil at the end.
Die Kosten der Fortbildung übernimmt die Firma.
The company covers the costs of the training.
die Kosten means the costs, and übernehmen means to cover or take responsibility for. Der Fortbildung is genitive to specify which costs, while übernimmt is in position two.
Mehrere Fortbildungen werden angeboten.
Several professional-development courses are offered.
mehrere means several, and angeboten means offered. Fortbildungen is the plural of Fortbildung; werden angeboten is passive, with the participle at the end.
fortgeschritten — advanced
This adjective describes a high level of skill, knowledge or difficulty, not simply something that has moved forward.
Der Kurs ist fortgeschritten.
The course is advanced.
Der Kurs means the course, and fortgeschritten means advanced. The adjective is predicative after sein, so it has no ending; ist is the finite verb in position two.
Sie besucht einen fortgeschrittenen Kurs.
She attends an advanced course.
besucht means attends, and einen Kurs means an advanced course. einen Kurs is accusative because besuchen takes an accusative object, and the adjective before the masculine noun takes -en after einen.
Diese Aufgabe ist fortgeschrittener als die vorige.
This exercise is more advanced than the previous one.
Diese Aufgabe means this exercise, and die vorige means the previous one. The comparative uses fortgeschrittener with als; after ist, the adjective is predicative and has no ending.
Von allen Gruppen arbeitet diese am fortgeschrittensten.
Of all the groups, this one works at the most advanced level.
Von allen Gruppen means of all the groups, and arbeitet means works. am fortgeschrittensten is the superlative am-form used adverbially; it does not take a noun ending here.
Die Teilnehmer haben fortgeschrittene Kenntnisse.
The participants have advanced knowledge.
Die Teilnehmer are the participants, and Kenntnisse means knowledge or skills. The adjective comes before a plural noun with no article, so it takes the strong ending -e.
fördern — to support, promote; to encourage, advance
Fördern usually means helping a person, ability, activity, or area develop. It is not the same as fordern, which means to demand.
Die Schule fördert talentierte Kinder.
The school supports talented children.
talentierte Kinder means talented children. Kinder is accusative because fördern takes an accusative object, and the finite verb fördert stands in position two.
Die Schule hat talentierte Kinder gefördert.
The school has supported talented children.
talentierte Kinder means talented children. The perfect uses hat plus gefördert, and the Partizip II goes to the end; Kinder is accusative after fördern.
Die Schule förderte talentierte Kinder.
The school supported talented children.
talentierte Kinder means talented children. Förderte is the weak-verb past form with -te, and Kinder is accusative because it is the object of fördern.
Fördere bitte die Kinder.
Please support the children.
bitte means please, and die Kinder means the children. Fördere is the du imperative, while the object remains accusative after fördern.
Die Schule würde mehr Kinder fördern, wenn sie mehr Geld hätte.
The school would support more children if it had more money.
mehr Kinder means more children, and wenn means if. Würde fördern expresses a hypothetical action; Kinder is accusative, and hätte stands at the end of the wenn clause.
Die Schule wird nächstes Jahr mehr Kinder fördern.
The school will support more children next year.
nächstes Jahr means next year, and mehr Kinder means more children. Future tense uses wird plus the infinitive fördern, which goes to the end; Kinder is accusative.
Die neue Straße fördert den Tourismus.
The new road promotes tourism.
die neue Straße means the new road, and den Tourismus means tourism. Tourismus is accusative because fördern takes an accusative object; fördert is in position two.
Das Projekt fördert die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Ländern.
The project encourages cooperation between the countries.
das Projekt means the project, and die Zusammenarbeit means cooperation; zwischen den Ländern means between the countries. Zusammenarbeit is accusative after fördern, while zwischen takes the dative here.
die Förderung — support, funding; promotion, development support
Förderung is often financial support from the state or another organisation. It can also mean support for education, talent, or a project more generally.
Die Förderung des Projekts ist wichtig.
The funding of the project is important.
des Projekts means of the project, and wichtig means important. Förderung is nominative because it is the subject; des Projekts is genitive and shows what is being funded.
Wir brauchen die Förderung für das Projekt.
We need the funding for the project.
Wir brauchen means we need, and für das Projekt means for the project. Förderung is accusative because brauchen takes an accusative object; für always takes the accusative.
Die Firma hilft der Förderung junger Talente.
The company helps the promotion of young talents.
die Firma means the company, and junge Talente means young talents. Förderung is dative after helfen; junger Talente is genitive and identifies the people being supported.
Die Wirkung der Förderung ist deutlich.
The effect of the funding is clear.
die Wirkung means the effect, and deutlich means clear. Der Förderung is genitive after Wirkung, expressing whose effect it is; the feminine noun keeps the form Förderung.
Viele Förderungen laufen Ende des Jahres aus.
Many funding programmes expire at the end of the year.
viele Förderungen means many funding programmes, and laufen ... aus means expire or run out. Förderungen is plural, and des Jahres is genitive after Ende; the separable verb places aus at the end.
Kinder brauchen individuelle Förderung.
Children need individual support.
Kinder means children, and individuelle means individual. Förderung is accusative after brauchen, while individuelle has the feminine accusative ending before the noun.
Die Förderung von Sprachen beginnt früh.
Language support begins early.
von Sprachen means of languages, and beginnt früh means begins early. Förderung is the nominative subject, and the von phrase specifies what kind of support is meant.
die Geografie — geography
Die Geografie is both the school subject and the academic study of the Earth. The spelling variant Geographie is also standard.
Die Geografie ist mein Lieblingsfach.
Geography is my favourite subject.
mein Lieblingsfach means my favourite school subject. Die Geografie is nominative because it is the subject, and ist stands in position two.
Ich lerne die Geografie Europas.
I am learning the geography of Europe.
lerne means learn or study, and Europas means of Europe. Die Geografie is accusative because lernen takes a direct object; Europas is a genitive name showing which geography.
In der Geografie geht es um Länder und Landschaften.
Geography is about countries and landscapes.
Länder means countries and Landschaften means landscapes. In der Geografie is dative because in describes the subject area here, not movement; geht es um is a fixed expression meaning is about.
Die Geschichte der Geografie ist interessant.
The history of geography is interesting.
die Geschichte means the history and interessant means interesting. Der Geografie is genitive because it tells whose history is meant; the adjective after ist is predicative and has no ending.
Verschiedene Geografien beeinflussen die Kultur.
Different geographical regions influence culture.
verschiedene means different, beeinflussen means influence, and die Kultur means culture. Geografien is plural and nominative here because it is the subject; die Kultur is accusative as the object.
die Geographie — geography
Die Geographie is an alternative spelling of die Geografie. Both forms have the same meaning and grammar; Geografie is the spelling recommended by the German spelling reform.
Die Geographie ist heute besonders interessant.
Geography is particularly interesting today.
heute means today and besonders means particularly. Die Geographie is nominative because it is the subject, and ist is the finite verb in position two.
Wir studieren die Geographie Afrikas.
We study the geography of Africa.
studieren means study, and Afrikas means of Africa. Die Geographie is accusative because it is the direct object of studieren; Afrikas is a genitive name.
In der Geographie lernen wir viel über die Erde.
In geography, we learn a lot about the Earth.
viel means a lot, über means about, and die Erde means the Earth. In der Geographie is dative because in describes a field of study; über die Erde is accusative after über in this meaning.
Die Methoden der Geographie helfen den Forschern.
The methods of geography help the researchers.
die Methoden means the methods, helfen means help, and den Forschern means the researchers. Der Geographie is genitive after Methoden, while helfen takes a dative person: den Forschern.
Moderne Geographien zeigen große Unterschiede.
Modern geographical regions show great differences.
moderne means modern, zeigen means show, and große Unterschiede means great differences. Geographien is plural and nominative as the subject; große Unterschiede is accusative as the object.
die Geometrie — geometry
Die Geometrie is the part of mathematics concerned with shapes, lines, angles and space. In ordinary school contexts, it is usually a singular subject, even when many topics are included.
Die Geometrie macht mir Spaß.
I enjoy geometry.
macht mir Spaß means is fun for me or I enjoy it. Die Geometrie is nominative because it is the subject, while mir is dative in the fixed expression jemandem Spaß machen.
Ich übe die Geometrie für die Prüfung.
I practise geometry for the exam.
übe means practise, and die Prüfung means the exam. Die Geometrie is accusative because üben takes a direct object; für die Prüfung is also accusative because für always takes the accusative.
Mit der Geometrie kann man viele Probleme lösen.
With geometry, you can solve many problems.
mit means with, viele Probleme means many problems, and lösen means solve. Der Geometrie is dative because mit always takes the dative; the modal verb kann is in position two and lösen goes to the end.
Die Grundidee der Geometrie ist einfach.
The basic idea of geometry is simple.
die Grundidee means the basic idea and einfach means simple. Der Geometrie is genitive because it specifies the idea; einfach is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending.
In der Schule lernen wir verschiedene Geometrien.
At school we learn different geometries.
in der Schule means at school, verschiedene means different, and lernen means learn. Geometrien is plural and accusative because it is the object of lernen; in der Schule is dative because it describes location.
geschichtlich — historical; relating to history
Geschichtlich describes a connection with history, while historisch is often more common for important or famous historical events. The comparative and superlative are grammatically possible but are less common than the positive form.
Das Museum ist geschichtlich sehr wichtig.
The museum is very important historically.
Museum means museum, and wichtig means important. Geschichtlich is predicative because it follows ist and describes the museum in relation to history; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir besuchen ein geschichtliches Museum.
We are visiting a historical museum.
besuchen means visit, and Museum means museum. Ein geschichtliches Museum is accusative because it is the object of besuchen; the adjective ending -es follows the neuter article ein.
Diese Ausstellung ist geschichtlicher als die alte.
This exhibition is more historical than the old one.
Ausstellung means exhibition, and alt means old. Geschichtlicher compares two exhibitions with als; as a predicative adjective after ist, it has no case ending.
Das ist der geschichtlichste Ort der Stadt.
That is the most historical place in the city.
Ort means place, and Stadt means city. Geschichtlichste stands before the masculine noun Ort and takes the ending -e after der; der Stadt is genitive and means “of the city”.
die Hochschule — university, institution of higher education
Hochschule is a broad term for higher-education institutions; it can include a university or a university of applied sciences. Do not automatically translate it as school: Schule usually refers to primary or secondary education.
Die Hochschule liegt in Berlin.
The university is in Berlin.
liegt means is located, and in Berlin means in Berlin. Die Hochschule is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb liegt stands in position two.
Ich besuche die Hochschule jeden Tag.
I attend the university every day.
ich besuche means I attend or visit, and jeden Tag means every day. Die Hochschule is accusative because besuchen takes a direct object; the finite verb besuche is in position two.
Sie studiert an der Hochschule.
She studies at the university.
sie studiert means she studies, and an means at in this context. An takes the dative for a fixed place, so der Hochschule is dative.
Die Bibliothek der Hochschule ist groß.
The university library is large.
die Bibliothek is the library and groß means large. Der Hochschule is genitive because it identifies whose library it is; the feminine genitive article is der.
Viele Hochschulen bieten Online-Kurse an.
Many universities offer online courses.
viele means many, bieten ... an means offer, and Online-Kurse are online courses. Hochschulen is plural after viele, and the plural subject takes bieten.
der Integrationskurs — integration course
In Germany, an Integrationskurs normally combines German lessons with an orientation course about society and everyday life. Do not confuse it with a general course about integration.
Der Integrationskurs beginnt im September.
The integration course begins in September.
beginnt means begins, and im September means in September. Der Integrationskurs is nominative as the subject, and the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Viele Menschen besuchen den Integrationskurs.
Many people attend the integration course.
Viele Menschen means many people, and besuchen means attend. den Integrationskurs is accusative because besuchen takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Sie lernt im Integrationskurs Deutsch.
She is learning German in the integration course.
lernt means is learning, and Deutsch means German. im Integrationskurs means in dem Integrationskurs and is dative because in describes a location here.
Der Lehrer des Integrationskurses erklärt die Prüfung.
The teacher of the integration course explains the exam.
Der Lehrer means the teacher, erklärt means explains, and die Prüfung means the exam. des Integrationskurses is genitive because it means of the integration course; the final noun in the compound has -es.
Die Integrationskurse sind oft ausgebucht.
The integration courses are often fully booked.
sind means are, and oft ausgebucht means often fully booked. Integrationskurse is the plural subject; ausgebucht follows sein as a predicate adjective and has no ending.
die Kenntnis — knowledge, awareness; skill
The singular often means knowledge or awareness of a particular thing, while the plural Kenntnisse commonly means skills or knowledge in a subject. The usual expression is Kenntnis von etwas haben; von takes the dative.
Die Kenntnis der Regeln ist wichtig.
Knowledge of the rules is important.
der Regeln means of the rules and wichtig means important. Die Kenntnis is nominative because it is the subject, while der Regeln is genitive and shows what the knowledge concerns.
Er vertieft seine Kenntnis der Geschichte.
He deepens his knowledge of history.
vertieft means deepens and seine Kenntnis means his knowledge. Seine Kenntnis is accusative because it is the direct object of vertiefen; der Geschichte is genitive and means of history.
Sie vertraut auf meine Kenntnis.
She relies on my knowledge.
vertraut means trusts or relies, and meine Kenntnis means my knowledge. Here the noun is dative after auf in the fixed expression auf etwas vertrauen; the feminine form looks the same in the dative and nominative.
Der Wert der Kenntnis zeigt sich später.
The value of knowledge becomes clear later.
der Wert means the value and später means later. Der Kenntnis is genitive because it identifies whose or what value is meant; feminine nouns have no extra genitive ending.
Seine Kenntnisse in Deutsch sind sehr gut.
His German skills are very good.
seine Kenntnisse means his skills or knowledge, in Deutsch means in German, and sehr gut means very good. The plural is Kenntnisse, formed with -e and an umlaut; the plural subject takes sind.
die Korrektur — correction; proofreading; corrected version; marked corrections
die Korrektur can mean one correction or the process of checking and correcting work. For the person who does this work, German often uses der Korrektor or die Korrektorin.
Die Korrektur ist noch nicht fertig.
The correction is not finished yet.
noch nicht fertig means not finished yet. Die Korrektur is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich mache die Korrektur heute Abend.
I am doing the correction this evening.
heute Abend means this evening. die Korrektur is accusative because it is the object of machen; the subject ich comes first, so the finite verb mache is in position two.
Ich helfe dem Lehrer bei der Korrektur.
I help the teacher with the correction.
helfe means help, dem Lehrer means the teacher, and bei means with or during. bei der Korrektur is dative because bei always takes the dative; helfen also takes a dative person, dem Lehrer.
Das Ergebnis der Korrektur ist sehr gut.
The result of the correction is very good.
das Ergebnis means the result and sehr gut means very good. der Korrektur is genitive because it identifies whose result it is; the whole phrase Das Ergebnis der Korrektur is the nominative subject.
Die Korrekturen dauern mehrere Stunden.
The corrections take several hours.
dauern means take or last, and mehrere Stunden means several hours. Die Korrekturen is plural and nominative because it is the subject, so the verb is dauern, not singular dauert.
Der Lehrer gibt uns die Korrektur morgen zurück.
The teacher will give the corrected work back to us tomorrow.
Der Lehrer is the teacher, uns means to us, and zurückgeben means give back. die Korrektur is accusative as the thing given back, while uns is dative as the recipient; the separable verb has gibt in position two and zurück at the end.
Ich sehe die Korrektur auf jeder Seite.
I can see the corrections on every page.
sehe means see, auf jeder Seite means on every page. die Korrektur is accusative because it is what I see, while auf is dative here because it describes a fixed location.
das Können — ability, skill
das Können is a noun meaning ability or skill and is always written with a capital letter. It is formed from the verb können with -en; do not confuse it with lowercase können, the modal verb “can”.
Das Können der Musiker beeindruckt mich.
The musicians’ skill impresses me.
der Musiker means of the musicians, and beeindruckt means impresses. Das Können is nominative because it is the subject, while der Musiker is genitive because it shows whose skill is meant.
Die Jury bewertet das Können der Tänzer.
The jury assesses the dancers’ skill.
die Jury means the jury, bewertet means assesses, and der Tänzer means of the dancers. das Können is accusative because bewerten takes a direct object; the neuter article is unchanged from the nominative.
Mit diesem Können kann sie viele Aufgaben lösen.
With this skill, she can solve many tasks.
mit diesem Können means with this skill, viele Aufgaben means many tasks, and lösen means solve. diesem Können is dative because mit always takes the dative; the modal kann is in position two and lösen goes to the end.
Der Wert des Könnens zeigt sich in der Arbeit.
The value of the skill shows itself in the work.
der Wert means the value, zeigt sich means shows itself, and in der Arbeit means in the work. des Könnens is genitive because it identifies what kind of value is meant; the noun takes -s.
Sein Können hat alle überrascht.
His skill surprised everyone.
sein means his, alle means everyone, and überrascht means surprised. Können has no ordinary plural here because it is an abstract mass noun; hat ... überrascht is the perfect, with the participle at the end.
die Lehre — vocational training, apprenticeship; teaching, doctrine, lesson
In the education and work sense, eine Lehre machen means to complete vocational training or an apprenticeship. Do not confuse it with die Lehre meaning a teaching or doctrine.
Die Lehre dauert drei Jahre.
The vocational training lasts three years.
dauern means to last and drei Jahre means three years. Die Lehre is nominative because it is the subject, and dauert stands in position two.
Er beginnt eine Lehre als Koch.
He is starting vocational training as a chef.
beginnen means to begin, als means as, and der Koch is the chef or cook. Eine Lehre is accusative because beginnen takes a direct object; als Koch describes the profession.
Nach der Lehre arbeitet sie in einem Hotel.
After her training, she works in a hotel.
nach means after, arbeiten means to work, and das Hotel is the hotel. Der Lehre is dative because nach always takes the dative; in einem Hotel is also dative because it describes a location.
Die Dauer der Lehre hängt vom Beruf ab.
The duration of the training depends on the profession.
die Dauer means duration, abhängen von means to depend on, and der Beruf is the profession. Der Lehre is genitive because it specifies whose duration is meant; hängt ... ab is a separable verb and vom means von dem.
Viele Lehren verbinden Theorie und Praxis.
Many training programmes combine theory and practice.
verbinden means to combine, die Theorie is theory, and die Praxis is practical work. Viele Lehren is plural and nominative as the subject, while Theorie und Praxis are accusative objects.
Sie macht eine Lehre zur Elektrikerin.
She is doing vocational training to become an electrician.
machen means to do, Elektrikerin means female electrician, and zur means zu der, to or for the. Eine Lehre is accusative as the object of machen; zur Elektrikerin states the profession she is training for.
Die Lehre betont die Bedeutung der Freiheit.
The teaching emphasises the importance of freedom.
betonen means to emphasise, die Bedeutung means importance, and die Freiheit is freedom. Die Lehre is nominative as the subject, while die Bedeutung is accusative; der Freiheit is genitive because it specifies the importance of what.
Aus diesem Fehler habe ich eine wichtige Lehre gezogen.
I learned an important lesson from this mistake.
der Fehler is the mistake, wichtig means important, and ziehen means to draw or take in the phrase eine Lehre ziehen. Eine wichtige Lehre is accusative as the object of gezogen, while aus diesem Fehler is dative because aus always takes the dative.