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Vocab: Money — B1 (1) ​

Money vocabulary at B1 level.

Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural

die Aktie — share, stock ​

Die Aktie is one unit of ownership in a company. The plural is Aktien, and the related word der Aktienkurs means share price.
Die Aktie steigt heute.
The share is rising today.
steigt means rises or is rising, and heute means today. Die Aktie is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb steigt stands in position two.
Sie kauft die Aktie online.
She is buying the share online.
kauft means buys, and online means on the internet. Die Aktie is accusative because kaufen takes a direct object; sie means she and is the subject.
Der Anleger vertraut der Aktie.
The investor trusts the share.
der Anleger means investor, and vertraut means trusts. Der Aktie is dative because vertrauen always takes a dative object, not an accusative object.
Der Kurs der Aktie fällt.
The share price is falling.
der Kurs means price or quotation, and fällt means falls. Der Aktie is genitive because it identifies which share the price belongs to.
Die Aktien sind heute teuer.
The shares are expensive today.
sind means are, teuer means expensive, and heute means today. Die Aktien is plural nominative as the subject; after sein, teuer is a predicate adjective without an ending.

die Anlage — facility, installation, system; investment ​

In this sense, Anlage is a built technical facility or system. In technical contexts, it can mean a complete installation rather than one small machine.
Die Anlage arbeitet Tag und Nacht.
The facility operates day and night.
arbeitet means operates or works, and Tag und Nacht means day and night. Die Anlage is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb arbeitet is in position two.
Die Techniker prüfen die Anlage.
The technicians are checking the installation.
die Techniker means the technicians and prüfen means check or inspect. die Anlage is accusative because it is the direct object of prüfen; the finite verb stands in position two.
Wir nähern uns der Anlage vorsichtig.
We approach the facility carefully.
wir nähern uns means we approach, and vorsichtig means carefully. The verb sich nähern takes a dative object, so der Anlage is dative; the reflexive pronoun uns is also required.
Die Größe der Anlage überrascht mich.
The size of the facility surprises me.
die Größe means the size and überrascht means surprises. der Anlage is genitive because it specifies the facility's size, while mich is accusative because I am the person affected.
Neue Anlagen brauchen regelmäßige Wartung.
New installations need regular maintenance.
neue means new, brauchen means need, and regelmäßige Wartung means regular maintenance. Anlagen is plural and nominative as the subject; Wartung is the accusative object.
Diese Anlage bringt jedes Jahr Zinsen.
This investment earns interest every year.
diese means this, bringt means brings or earns, and Zinsen means interest. Diese Anlage is nominative as the subject, and the finite verb bringt is in position two.
Sie sucht eine sichere Anlage für ihr Geld.
She is looking for a safe investment for her money.
sucht means is looking for, sicher means safe, and ihr Geld means her money. eine sichere Anlage is accusative because it is the object of sucht; für also takes the accusative.

das Arbeitslosengeld — unemployment benefit, unemployment allowance; unemployment benefits, benefit schemes ​

Arbeitslosengeld is usually treated as a mass noun, so speakers normally use the singular even when discussing regular payments. In Germany, the exact type and amount depend on the person's previous employment and legal situation.
Das Arbeitslosengeld reicht für meine Miete nicht aus.
The unemployment benefit is not enough to cover my rent.
reicht ... aus means is enough, and meine Miete means my rent. Das Arbeitslosengeld is nominative because it is the subject; the separable verb ausreichen puts reicht in position two and aus at the end.
Ich beantrage das Arbeitslosengeld heute.
I am applying for unemployment benefit today.
beantrage means apply for, and heute means today. das Arbeitslosengeld is accusative because beantragen takes a direct object; the finite verb beantrage stands in position two.
Die Behörde zahlt dem Arbeitslosengeld nicht direkt zu.
The authority does not add directly to the unemployment benefit.
die Behörde means the authority, zahlt ... zu means adds, and nicht direkt means not directly. dem Arbeitslosengeld is dative because etwas zuzahlen takes the amount or fund as a dative complement; the separable prefix zu stands at the end.
Die Höhe des Arbeitslosengeldes hängt vom früheren Gehalt ab.
The amount of the unemployment benefit depends on the previous salary.
die Höhe means the amount, hängt ... ab means depends, and das frühere Gehalt means the previous salary. des Arbeitslosengeldes is genitive because it specifies the amount; vom means von dem, and the separable verb abhängen places ab at the end.
Viele Menschen beantragen Arbeitslosengelder aus verschiedenen Ländern.
Many people apply for unemployment benefits from different countries.
viele Menschen means many people, beantragen means apply for, and verschiedene Länder means different countries. Arbeitslosengelder is a rare plural for different payments or schemes; it is accusative because beantragen takes an accusative object.
Die Studie vergleicht die Arbeitslosengelder in Europa.
The study compares unemployment benefits in Europe.
die Studie means the study, vergleicht means compares, and Europa means Europe. Arbeitslosengelder is plural here because different national benefit systems are being compared; it is accusative after vergleichen.
Die beiden Arbeitslosengelder unterscheiden sich deutlich.
The two unemployment benefits differ considerably.
die beiden means the two, unterscheiden sich means differ, and deutlich means considerably or clearly. Arbeitslosengelder is the plural subject in the nominative; the reflexive form sich unterscheiden is used when things differ from each other.

die Ausgabe — edition, issue; expense, expenditure; output, displayed result ​

In this sense, Ausgabe refers to one published version or issue. It is often used with von or a genitive phrase to say what publication it belongs to.
Die Ausgabe erscheint nächste Woche.
The issue comes out next week.
erscheint means comes out or is published, and nächste Woche means next week. Die Ausgabe is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb erscheint stands in position two.
Ich kaufe die Ausgabe am Bahnhof.
I am buying the issue at the station.
kaufe means buy, am Bahnhof means at the station, and der Bahnhof is the train station. Die Ausgabe is accusative because kaufen takes a direct object; the feminine nominative and accusative forms look identical.
Ich gebe der Ausgabe ein neues Cover.
I am giving the issue a new cover.
geben means give, ein neues Cover is a new cover, and neu means new. Der Ausgabe is dative as the recipient or affected thing after geben, while ein neues Cover is the accusative thing being given.
Der Titel der Ausgabe steht auf der Vorderseite.
The title of the issue is on the front page.
der Titel means the title, steht means is written or stands, and die Vorderseite is the front page or front side. Der Ausgabe is genitive because it specifies which issue the title belongs to; the feminine noun itself has no genitive ending change.
Im Laden liegen verschiedene Ausgaben.
Various issues are lying in the shop.
im Laden means in the shop, liegen means are lying, and verschiedene means various. Ausgaben is the plural of Ausgabe and takes the plural ending -n; verschiedene has a plural adjective ending.
Die Ausgabe mit dem Interview ist sehr interessant.
The issue with the interview is very interesting.
mit dem Interview means with the interview, and interessant means interesting. Die Ausgabe is the subject, while mit dem Interview uses dative because mit always governs the dative; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Unsere Ausgaben sind in diesem Monat höher.
Our expenses are higher this month.
unsere means our, in diesem Monat means this month, and höher means higher. Ausgaben is plural and nominative as the subject; in takes the dative here because this describes a fixed time, not movement.
Wir müssen die Ausgabe für die Reparatur bezahlen.
We have to pay the expense for the repair.
müssen means have to, die Reparatur is the repair, and bezahlen means pay. Die Ausgabe is accusative after bezahlen; with the modal müssen, the infinitive bezahlen goes to the end.
Die Ausgabe des Programms enthält einen Fehler.
The program's output contains an error.
das Programm is the program, enthält means contains, and der Fehler is the error. Die Ausgabe des Programms is the subject, with des Programms in the genitive to show whose output it is; enthält is in position two.
Bitte prüfen Sie die Ausgabe auf dem Bildschirm.
Please check the output on the screen.
bitte prüfen Sie is the formal command please check, auf dem Bildschirm means on the screen, and der Bildschirm is the screen. Die Ausgabe is accusative because prüfen takes a direct object; auf dem Bildschirm is dative because it describes a fixed location.

auskommen — to manage, get by; to get along with ​

For managing with or without something, auskommen is used with mit plus dative or ohne plus accusative. In the perfect it takes sein: ist ausgekommen.
Sie kommt mit wenig Geld aus.
She manages with little money.
wenig Geld means little money. Mit always takes the dative, so mit wenig Geld is a dative phrase; kommt is in position two and the prefix aus goes to the end.
Wir sind mit dem kleinen Budget ausgekommen.
We managed with the small budget.
das kleine Budget means the small budget, and klein means small. Mit dem kleinen Budget is dative because mit governs the dative; the perfect uses sind and the Partizip II ausgekommen at the end.
Er kam ohne Auto aus.
He managed without a car.
ohne Auto means without a car. Ohne takes the accusative, although the unmarked noun Auto does not show it here; kam is the past form and aus is separated.
Komm heute ohne Hilfe aus!
Manage without help today!
heute means today, and ohne Hilfe means without help. Ohne governs the accusative, while the informal imperative starts with komm and places the prefix aus at the end.
Ich würde auch ohne Auto auskommen.
I would manage even without a car.
auch means also or even, and ohne Auto means without a car. Ohne takes the accusative; after würde, the complete infinitive auskommen stands at the end and is not split.
Ihr werdet mit diesem Geld auskommen.
You will manage with this money.
dieses Geld means this money, and werden forms the future. Mit diesem Geld is dative because mit requires it; werdet is in position two and auskommen goes to the end.
Ich komme mit meiner neuen Kollegin gut aus.
I get along well with my new colleague.
meine neue Kollegin means my new female colleague, and gut means well. Mit meiner neuen Kollegin is dative because mit governs the dative; komme is in position two and aus closes the main clause.
Die beiden sind nie miteinander ausgekommen.
The two of them never got along.
die beiden means the two of them, nie means never, and miteinander means with each other. The perfect uses sind ... ausgekommen because this verb takes sein here; miteinander expresses the people involved without an extra object case.

die Autoversicherung — car insurance; car insurance company ​

The compound combines Auto (“car”) and Versicherung (“insurance”). In everyday speech, it can also refer to the insurance company that provides the cover.
Die Autoversicherung ist in Deutschland Pflicht.
Car insurance is compulsory in Germany.
Pflicht means “compulsory” or “required”, and in Deutschland means “in Germany”. Autoversicherung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich bezahle die Autoversicherung jeden Monat.
I pay the car insurance every month.
bezahle means “pay”, and jeden Monat means “every month”. die Autoversicherung is accusative because bezahlen takes a direct object; jeden Monat is a time expression.
Ich vertraue der Autoversicherung nicht.
I do not trust the car insurance company.
vertraue means “trust”, and nicht means “not”. der Autoversicherung is dative because vertrauen requires dative; German often uses the insurance term for the insurance company as well.
Die Kosten der Autoversicherung steigen.
The cost of the car insurance is rising.
Die Kosten means “the costs”, and steigen means “rise”. der Autoversicherung is genitive and identifies which costs; the finite verb steigen stands in position two.
Viele Autoversicherungen bieten einen Schutzbrief an.
Many car insurance companies offer roadside assistance.
Viele means “many”, bieten ... an means “offer”, and Schutzbrief means “roadside-assistance service”. Autoversicherungen is plural; the separable verb has bieten in position two and an at the end.
Unsere Autoversicherung bearbeitet den Schaden schnell.
Our car insurance company processes the damage claim quickly.
Unsere means “our”, bearbeitet means “processes”, and der Schaden means “the damage or claim”. Autoversicherung is nominative as the subject, while den Schaden is accusative because bearbeiten takes a direct object.
Die Autoversicherung schickt einen Gutachter.
The car insurance company sends an assessor.
schickt means “sends”, and einen Gutachter means “an assessor”, a person who evaluates damage. Autoversicherung is the nominative subject; einen Gutachter is accusative as the object of schicken.

bar — in cash, cash; in cash ​

Bar is normally not compared when it means “in cash”; the comparison examples use the related idea of what is more or most practical. Before a noun, bar usually appears in the fixed form bares Geld.
Die Rechnung ist bar zu bezahlen.
The bill must be paid in cash.
die Rechnung means the bill and zu bezahlen means to be paid. Bar is predicative after ist; the construction ist zu bezahlen expresses an obligation, and bar says that cash must be used.
Ich habe nur bares Geld dabei.
I only have cash with me.
nur means only, Geld means money, and dabei means with me. Bares describes Geld and has the neuter accusative ending -es after nur; Geld is the accusative object of habe.
Eine Überweisung ist sicherer als bar zu zahlen.
A bank transfer is safer than paying in cash.
eine Überweisung means a bank transfer, sicherer means safer, and zu zahlen means to pay. The comparison uses als; here bar stays unchanged because it modifies the infinitive phrase bar zu zahlen, not a noun.
Bei kleinen Beträgen ist bar am praktischsten.
For small amounts, cash is the most practical.
bei kleinen Beträgen means for small amounts, and praktischsten means most practical. Bei takes the dative, and bar is used predicatively without an adjective ending; the superlative belongs to praktisch.
Kann ich bar bezahlen?
Can I pay in cash?
kann ich means can I, and bezahlen means pay. With the modal verb kann, the infinitive bezahlen goes to the end; bar describes the way of paying.
Er legte das Geld bar auf den Tisch.
He put the money in cash on the table.
legte means put, das Geld means the money, and auf den Tisch means onto the table. Das Geld is accusative as the object, while auf den Tisch is accusative because it shows movement to a destination; bar says the money was cash.

bargeldlos — cashless, without cash ​

Bargeldlos describes a payment system or transaction that uses no physical cash. It is often used with bezahlen and does not mean that something is free.
Das Bezahlen ist bargeldlos.
The payment is cashless.
das Bezahlen means the act of paying. Bargeldlos is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir nutzen eine bargeldlose App.
We use a cashless app.
nutzen means use and eine App means an app. Bargeldlose describes feminine accusative App after eine, so it takes the ending -e; the whole noun phrase is the object of nutzen.
Kartenzahlung ist bargeldloser als Barzahlung.
Card payment is more cashless than cash payment.
Kartenzahlung means card payment and Barzahlung means cash payment. Bargeldloser compares the two methods with als and is predicative, so it has no additional adjective ending.
Dieses Geschäft arbeitet am bargeldlosesten.
This shop operates in the most cashless way.
dieses Geschäft means this shop or business and arbeitet means operates. Am bargeldlosesten is the adverbial superlative and therefore has the fixed am ... -sten form; the finite verb arbeitet is in position two.

der Besitz — property, possessions; ownership; ownership, possession ​

Besitz is usually a mass noun, so it normally has no plural in everyday German. It can mean the things owned or the state of ownership; use Eigentum for legal ownership or property rights in more formal contexts.
Der Besitz eines Autos ist teuer.
Owning a car is expensive.
eines Autos means of a car or owning a car, and teuer means expensive. Der Besitz is nominative because it is the subject; eines Autos is genitive and specifies what is owned.
Die Polizei sucht den Besitz des Verdächtigen.
The police are looking for the suspect’s property.
die Polizei means the police, sucht means is looking for, and der Verdächtige means the suspect. Den Besitz is accusative because it is the object of suchen, while des Verdächtigen is genitive to show whose property it is.
Mit seinem Besitz reist er um die Welt.
He travels around the world with his possessions.
mit means with, seinem means his, and um die Welt means around the world. Seinem Besitz is dative because mit always takes the dative; the finite verb reist is in position two.
Der Wert des Besitzes ist gestiegen.
The value of the property has risen.
der Wert means the value and gestiegen means risen or increased. Des Besitzes is genitive after der Wert to mean ‘the value of the property’; the noun takes -es, and ist gestiegen is a perfect form with sein for a change of state.
Sein Besitz besteht aus wenigen Möbeln.
His possessions consist of a few pieces of furniture.
sein means his, besteht aus means consists of, and wenige Möbel means a few pieces of furniture. Besitz is normally a mass noun with no ordinary plural, so this example uses the singular; wenigen Möbeln is dative plural because aus takes the dative.
Das Land ist seit Jahren in ihrem Besitz.
The land has been in her possession for years.
das Land means the land, seit Jahren means for years, and ihrem means her. In ihrem Besitz is dative because this expression describes a state or location, and sein stands in position two while seit Jahren gives the duration.
Die Erben nehmen das Haus in Besitz.
The heirs take possession of the house.
die Erben means the heirs and nehmen ... in Besitz means take possession of. Das Haus is accusative as the object of nehmen; the fixed expression uses in Besitz without an article.

die Bilanz — balance sheet; balance, overall result; overall assessment; balance of results ​

In business, die Bilanz is a balance sheet; more generally, eine Bilanz ziehen means to draw a conclusion or assess results. It is feminine, so its genitive is der Bilanz and its plural is die Bilanzen.
Die Bilanz des Unternehmens ist positiv.
The company's balance sheet is positive.
das Unternehmen means company, and positiv means positive. Die Bilanz is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Der Prüfer prüft die Bilanz.
The auditor checks the balance sheet.
der Prüfer is an auditor, and prüfen means to check or audit. Die Bilanz is accusative because prüfen takes a direct object; its feminine article stays die in both nominative and accusative.
Der Vorstand vertraut der Bilanz.
The board trusts the balance sheet.
der Vorstand means the board of directors, and vertrauen means to trust. Der Bilanz is dative because vertrauen governs the dative; the finite verb vertraut is in position two.
Die Zahlen der Bilanz sind geheim.
The figures in the balance sheet are confidential.
die Zahlen means the figures or numbers, and geheim means confidential. Der Bilanz is genitive because it identifies whose figures they are; the plural subject Zahlen makes the verb sind plural.
Die Bilanzen werden im März veröffentlicht.
The balance sheets will be published in March.
veröffentlichen means to publish, and im März means in March. Bilanzen is plural, marked by -en, and the passive auxiliary werden agrees with the plural subject.
Die Bilanz des Projekts fällt gut aus.
The project's final result is good.
das Projekt means project, and gut ausfallen means to turn out well. Die Bilanz is the subject, while the separable verb ausfallen splits into fällt ... aus in a main clause.
Nach dem Kurs zieht die Lehrerin eine Bilanz.
After the course, the teacher takes stock.
der Kurs is the course, and die Lehrerin is the female teacher. Eine Bilanz is accusative because eine Bilanz ziehen takes a direct object; the separable verb ziehen is in position two and its prefix zieht ... is not separated here because ziehen itself is the verb in the expression.
Die Bilanz nach einem Jahr ist erfreulich.
The overall result after one year is encouraging.
nach einem Jahr means after one year, and erfreulich means encouraging or pleasing. Die Bilanz is nominative because it is the subject; the preposition nach takes the dative in einem Jahr.

der Bruttopreis — gross price ​

A Bruttopreis includes tax, while a Nettopreis is the price before tax. The word is a compound: brutto means gross and Preis means price.
Der Bruttopreis steht auf dem Etikett.
The gross price is on the label.
steht means is written or appears, and das Etikett is the label. Der Bruttopreis is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb steht is in position two.
Bitte prüfen Sie den Bruttopreis vor dem Kauf.
Please check the gross price before buying.
Bitte prüfen Sie means please check, and vor dem Kauf means before the purchase. Den Bruttopreis is accusative because prüfen takes a direct object; the polite imperative uses Sie and keeps the verb in position two.
Wir rechnen mit dem Bruttopreis.
We are calculating with the gross price.
rechnen mit means calculate or reckon with. Mit always takes the dative, so dem Bruttopreis is dative; the separable-looking phrase is not a separable verb, and rechnen remains one word.
Die Höhe des Bruttopreises hängt von der Steuer ab.
The amount of the gross price depends on the tax.
Die Höhe means the amount, hängt ... ab means depends on, and die Steuer is the tax. Des Bruttopreises is genitive because it specifies the amount; the separable verb abhängen splits, with ab at the end.
Die Bruttopreise sind im Katalog angegeben.
The gross prices are listed in the catalogue.
im Katalog means in the catalogue, and angegeben means listed or stated. Die Bruttopreise is nominative plural because it is the subject of the passive construction; the ending -e is added to Preis.

buchen — to book, to reserve; to post, to record ​

For reservations, buchen usually takes an accusative object such as ein Zimmer or einen Flug. It can also mean recording a financial transaction, especially in accounting.
Ich buche das Hotel online.
I am booking the hotel online.
das Hotel means “the hotel”, and online means “online”. Das Hotel is accusative because buchen takes a direct object, and the finite verb buche stands in position two.
Wir haben den Flug gestern gebucht.
We booked the flight yesterday.
der Flug means “the flight”, and gestern means “yesterday”. The perfect uses haben plus gebucht; den Flug is accusative, and the Partizip II goes to the end of the clause.
Sie buchte eine Reise nach Berlin.
She booked a trip to Berlin.
eine Reise means “a trip”, and nach Berlin means “to Berlin”. Eine Reise is accusative after buchte, and the weak past form buchte stands in position two.
Buch bitte zwei Plätze!
Please book two seats!
zwei Plätze means “two seats”, and bitte means “please”. Buch is the du imperative of buchen and stands first; zwei Plätze is an accusative object.
Ich würde jetzt ein Zimmer buchen.
I would book a room now.
jetzt means “now”, and ein Zimmer means “a room”. Würde carries the Konjunktiv II meaning, while the infinitive buchen goes to the end; ein Zimmer is accusative.
Morgen werde ich den Mietwagen buchen.
Tomorrow I will book the rental car.
morgen means “tomorrow”, and der Mietwagen means “the rental car”. Future tense uses werden in position two and sends buchen to the end; den Mietwagen is accusative.
Die Firma bucht die Rechnung als Kosten.
The company records the invoice as an expense.
die Firma means “the company”, die Rechnung means “the invoice”, and als Kosten means “as an expense”. Die Rechnung is accusative because buchen takes a direct object, and bucht is in position two.
Die Zahlung wurde gestern gebucht.
The payment was posted yesterday.
die Zahlung means “the payment”, and gestern means “yesterday”. This is a passive sentence with wurde and gebucht; the Partizip II stays at the end, and the recorded item is the nominative subject.

das Budget — budget ​

Das Budget is used for planned money, not necessarily money already spent. Its plural and genitive both use Budgets, but the article shows which case is intended.
Das Budget ist für dieses Projekt zu klein.
The budget is too small for this project.
für dieses Projekt means for this project, and zu klein means too small. Das Budget is nominative as the subject, and ist stands in position two.
Die Abteilung braucht ein größeres Budget.
The department needs a larger budget.
die Abteilung means the department and größer means larger. Ein größeres Budget is accusative because brauchen takes a direct object; the adjective ending -es agrees with neuter Budget.
Mit dem Budget kaufen wir neue Computer.
With the budget, we are buying new computers.
mit means with, kaufen means buy, and neue Computer means new computers. Dem Budget is dative because mit always takes the dative; because the phrase comes first, kaufen remains in position two.
Die Grenzen des Budgets sind klar.
The limits of the budget are clear.
die Grenzen means the limits and klar means clear. Des Budgets is genitive because it shows which budget the limits belong to, and the noun takes -s.
Kleine Budgets machen die Planung schwieriger.
Small budgets make planning more difficult.
klein means small, machen means make, and die Planung means the planning process. Kleine Budgets is a plural subject, so the verb is machen; the adjective has the plural ending -e.

die Börse — stock exchange; purse; purse; wallet ​

The common modern meaning of die Börse is the stock exchange. It can also mean a small purse or wallet, especially in older or formal language; the plural Börsen is the same for both meanings.
Die Börse öffnet um neun Uhr.
The stock exchange opens at nine o’clock.
öffnet means opens, and um neun Uhr means at nine o’clock. Die Börse is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb öffnet stands in position two.
Viele Menschen beobachten die Börse.
Many people watch the stock exchange.
viele Menschen means many people, and beobachten means watch or monitor. Die Börse is accusative because it is the direct object of beobachten; the plural subject Menschen remains nominative.
An der Börse werden Aktien gekauft.
Shares are bought on the stock exchange.
Aktien means shares, and gekauft means bought. An der Börse is dative because an describes a fixed location here; werden gekauft forms the passive, with the participle at the end.
Die Entwicklung der Börse ist schwer vorherzusagen.
The development of the stock exchange is difficult to predict.
die Entwicklung means the development, and vorherzusagen means to predict. Der Börse is genitive because it identifies which development is meant; ist schwer means is difficult.
Internationale Börsen reagieren schnell auf Krisen.
International stock exchanges react quickly to crises.
internationale means international, reagieren means react, and Krisen means crises. Börsen is plural and is the nominative subject; auf Krisen is accusative after auf when it means a reaction directed at something.
Sie trägt eine kleine Börse in der Tasche.
She carries a small purse in her bag.
trägt means carries, klein means small, and die Tasche is the bag or pocket. Eine kleine Börse is accusative because trägt takes a direct object; in der Tasche is dative because it describes location.
In der Börse liegen einige Münzen.
There are some coins in the purse.
liegen means are lying, einige means some, and Münzen are coins. In der Börse is dative because it gives a fixed location; the verb comes before the subject after this fronted phrase.

das Einkommen — income ​

Das Einkommen is the money received regularly, especially from employment; it is not the same as der Lohn, which usually means wages or pay for work. The plural Einkommen can refer to the incomes of different people or households.
Das Einkommen der Familie ist gestiegen.
The family's income has increased.
die Familie means the family, and gestiegen means increased or risen. Das Einkommen is nominative because it is the subject; der Familie is genitive because it shows whose income is meant.
Die Steuer senkt das Einkommen.
The tax reduces the income.
die Steuer means the tax, and senkt means reduces. Das Einkommen is accusative because senken takes a direct object; with a neuter noun, nominative and accusative articles are both das.
Mit dem Einkommen kann sie die Miete bezahlen.
With the income, she can pay the rent.
mit means with, kann means can, die Miete means the rent, and bezahlen means pay. Dem Einkommen is dative because mit always takes the dative; after the modal kann, the infinitive bezahlen goes to the end.
Die Höhe des Einkommens entscheidet über den Kredit.
The amount of the income determines the loan.
die Höhe means the amount or level, entscheidet means determines, and der Kredit means the loan. Des Einkommens is genitive because it specifies the amount of what, while den Kredit is accusative after über in this meaning.
Viele Einkommen stammen aus verschiedenen Quellen.
Many incomes come from different sources.
viele means many, stammen aus means come from, and verschiedene Quellen means different sources. The plural Einkommen is unchanged, and aus verschiedenen Quellen is a dative phrase because aus takes the dative.
Ein regelmäßiges Einkommen gibt finanzielle Sicherheit.
A regular income provides financial security.
regelmäßig means regular, gibt means gives or provides, and finanzielle Sicherheit means financial security. Ein regelmäßiges Einkommen is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb gibt stands in position two.

die Einnahme — income, revenue, receipt; taking, intake ​

In financial contexts, Einnahme means money received and contrasts with Ausgabe, an expenditure. The plural Einnahmen is much more common when discussing a person’s or organisation’s finances.
Die Einnahme aus dem Verkauf war höher als erwartet.
The income from the sale was higher than expected.
der Verkauf means the sale, höher means higher, and erwartet means expected. Die Einnahme is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb war stands in position two.
Das Unternehmen steigert die Einnahme durch Werbung.
The company increases its revenue through advertising.
das Unternehmen is the company, steigert means increases, and durch Werbung means through advertising. Die Einnahme is accusative because steigern takes a direct object; durch also requires the accusative.
Mit der Einnahme bezahlt sie die Miete.
She pays the rent with the income.
mit means with, bezahlt means pays, and die Miete is the rent. Der Einnahme is dative because mit always takes the dative; the phrase comes first, so bezahlt is still in position two.
Die Höhe der Einnahme hängt vom Umsatz ab.
The amount of the income depends on the turnover.
die Höhe means the amount, hängt ... ab means depends, and der Umsatz is the turnover. Der Einnahme is genitive because it specifies the amount of what; vom Umsatz is short for von dem Umsatz and is dative after von.
Die Einnahmen des Geschäfts sind dieses Jahr gestiegen.
The shop’s revenue has risen this year.
des Geschäfts means of the shop, dieses Jahr means this year, and gestiegen means risen. Die Einnahmen is plural and nominative; des Geschäfts is genitive to show whose revenue it is.
Die Einnahme der Tablette erfolgt morgens.
The tablet should be taken in the morning.
die Tablette is the tablet, erfolgt means takes place or is carried out, and morgens means in the morning. Der Tablette is genitive because it identifies what is taken; this formal sentence uses erfolgt rather than a simple command.
Nach der Einnahme dürfen Sie nicht Auto fahren.
After taking it, you must not drive.
nach means after, dürfen means may or be allowed to, and Auto fahren means drive. Der Einnahme is dative because nach takes the dative; the infinitive fahren goes to the end after the modal verb.

die Einzahlung — deposit, payment into an account ​

die Einzahlung is the noun made from einzahlen and describes money paid into an account. Do not confuse it with die Auszahlung, which means money paid out or withdrawn.
Die Einzahlung ist heute kostenlos.
The deposit is free of charge today.
heute means today, and kostenlos means free of charge. Einzahlung is feminine nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist stands in position two and kostenlos follows it as a predicative adjective.
Die Bank bestätigt die Einzahlung.
The bank confirms the deposit.
Bank means bank, and bestätigt means confirms. Einzahlung is accusative because bestätigen takes a direct object; the feminine article die looks the same in nominative and accusative.
Nach der Einzahlung bekomme ich eine Quittung.
After the deposit, I receive a receipt.
nach means after, bekomme means receive, and Quittung means receipt. der Einzahlung is dative because nach always takes the dative; the finite verb bekomme is in position two in the main clause.
Die Höhe der Einzahlung ist frei wählbar.
The amount of the deposit can be chosen freely.
Höhe means amount or level, and frei wählbar means freely selectable. der Einzahlung is genitive feminine and identifies which amount is meant; the noun itself does not change in the genitive.
Online-Einzahlungen werden sofort bearbeitet.
Online deposits are processed immediately.
online means online, sofort means immediately, and bearbeitet means processed. Einzahlungen is the plural subject, while werden bearbeitet is the passive; the participle bearbeitet goes to the end.
Für jede Einzahlung erhalten Sie eine Bestätigung.
For every deposit, you receive a confirmation.
für jede Einzahlung means for every deposit, erhalten means receive, and Bestätigung means confirmation. Einzahlung is accusative because für always forces the accusative; Sie is the formal word for you and is capitalised.

der Einzelunternehmer — sole proprietor, sole trader ​

This is a business term for someone running a business alone. The plural is also Einzelunternehmer, while the genitive singular is Einzelunternehmers.
Der Einzelunternehmer arbeitet von zu Hause aus.
The sole proprietor works from home.
von zu Hause aus means from home, and arbeitet means works. Der Einzelunternehmer is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb arbeitet stands in position two.
Die Bank berät den Einzelunternehmer.
The bank advises the sole proprietor.
die Bank is the bank, and berät means advises. Den Einzelunternehmer is accusative because beraten takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Die Steuerberaterin hilft dem Einzelunternehmer.
The tax adviser helps the sole proprietor.
die Steuerberaterin is the female tax adviser, and hilft means helps. Dem Einzelunternehmer is dative because helfen always takes a dative object; the noun itself does not add -n here.
Das Büro des Einzelunternehmers liegt im Zentrum.
The sole proprietor's office is in the city centre.
das Büro is the office, liegt means is located, and im Zentrum means in the city centre. Des Einzelunternehmers is genitive because it shows whose office it is; masculine and neuter genitives use des and usually add -s or -es.
Viele Einzelunternehmer nutzen digitale Rechnungen.
Many sole proprietors use digital invoices.
viele means many, nutzen means use, and digitale Rechnungen are digital invoices. Einzelunternehmer is unchanged in the plural; viele Einzelunternehmer is nominative because it is the subject.

die Energiekosten — energy costs ​

Energiekosten is a plural-only compound noun: Energie means energy and Kosten means costs. It refers to the money spent on electricity, gas, heating or another energy source.
Die Energiekosten sind in diesem Jahr gestiegen.
Energy costs have risen this year.
dieses Jahr means this year, and gestiegen means risen or increased. Die Energiekosten is the plural nominative subject; in the perfect, sind is in position two and gestiegen goes to the end.
Die Firma will die Energiekosten senken.
The company wants to reduce energy costs.
die Firma means the company and senken means to reduce. Die Energiekosten is accusative because senken takes a direct object; after the modal verb will, the infinitive senken goes to the end.
Mit den Energiekosten müssen wir rechnen.
We have to expect the energy costs.
mit etwas rechnen means to expect or reckon with something. Mit takes the dative, so the plural form is den Energiekosten; the finite verb müssen is in position two and rechnen stands at the end.
Die Höhe der Energiekosten überrascht viele Mieter.
The amount of the energy costs surprises many tenants.
die Höhe means the amount or level, überraschen means to surprise, and die Mieter are the tenants. Der Energiekosten is the genitive plural meaning of the energy costs; viele Mieter is accusative because it is the object of überrascht.
Energiekosten belasten viele Familien.
Energy costs put a strain on many families.
belasten means to put a strain on, and viele Familien means many families. Energiekosten is the plural nominative subject, while viele Familien is accusative as the object of belasten.

das Erbe — inheritance; legacy ​

In everyday use, das Erbe usually means property received after someone's death; it can also mean a legacy or influence passed on to later generations. Do not confuse it with der Erbe, which means heir.
Das Erbe ist noch nicht verteilt.
The inheritance has not yet been divided.
noch nicht verteilt means not divided yet. Das Erbe is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist is in position two; verteilt comes at the end as part of the predicate.
Sie hat das Erbe angenommen.
She accepted the inheritance.
angenommen means accepted. Das Erbe is accusative because annehmen takes a direct object, while hat ... angenommen forms the perfect and places the participle at the end.
Mit dem Erbe kaufte er ein Haus.
He bought a house with the inheritance.
mit means with, and kaufte means bought. Dem Erbe is dative because mit always governs the dative; the prepositional phrase comes first, so kaufte is still in position two.
Die Höhe des Erbes war eine Überraschung.
The amount of the inheritance was a surprise.
die Höhe means the amount or size, and eine Überraschung is a surprise. Des Erbes is genitive because it shows whose amount is meant; the neuter noun takes -es in the genitive.
Viele Erben wohnen in verschiedenen Städten.
Many heirs live in different cities.
viele means many, and verschiedenen Städten means different cities. Erben is the plural form here and is nominative because it is the subject; do not confuse it with the singular inheritance das Erbe.

die Erhöhung — increase, rise, raise; raised area, elevation ​

Erhöhung is often used for an increase in prices, rent or pay. The common compound Gehaltserhöhung specifically means a pay rise.
Die Erhöhung kommt im nächsten Monat.
The increase comes next month.
kommt means comes or takes effect, and im nächsten Monat means next month. Die Erhöhung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb kommt stands in position two.
Ich lehne die Erhöhung der Miete ab.
I reject the rent increase.
lehne ... ab means reject, and der Miete means of the rent. Die Erhöhung is accusative because it is the object of ablehnen; the separable verb places ab at the end.
Viele Kunden widersprechen der Erhöhung.
Many customers object to the increase.
viele Kunden means many customers, and widersprechen means object to or contradict. Widersprechen takes the dative, so der Erhöhung is dative; the finite verb is in position two.
Die Folgen der Erhöhung sind noch unklar.
The consequences of the increase are still unclear.
die Folgen means the consequences and noch unklar means still unclear. Der Erhöhung is genitive and means of the increase; the whole phrase Die Folgen der Erhöhung is the nominative subject.
Die neuen Erhöhungen belasten viele Familien.
The new increases put a strain on many families.
die neuen means the new ones, belasten means put a strain on, and viele Familien means many families. Erhöhungen is plural with die; the phrase is nominative because it is the subject, while viele Familien is accusative.
Der Weg führt über eine Erhöhung.
The path leads over a raised area.
der Weg means the path and führt über means leads over or across. Eine Erhöhung is accusative because über expresses movement across a raised area here; the finite verb führt is in position two.
Auf der kleinen Erhöhung steht eine Bank.
A bench stands on the small raised area.
auf der kleinen means on the small one, steht means stands, and eine Bank is a bench. Auf der kleinen Erhöhung is dative because it describes a fixed location, not movement; the subject eine Bank follows the verb.

der Export — export; exports ​

Der Export can mean goods sold abroad or the economic activity of selling them. The opposite is der Import; the plural is die Exporte.
Der Export ist für das Land wichtig.
Exports are important for the country.
wichtig means “important,” and für das Land means “for the country.” Der Export is nominative because it is the subject; für takes the accusative, shown by das Land.
Deutschland steigert den Export von Maschinen.
Germany is increasing the export of machines.
steigert means “increases,” and Maschinen means “machines.” Den Export is accusative because steigern takes an accusative object; von Maschinen explains what is being exported.
Mit dem Export verdient die Firma viel Geld.
The company earns a lot of money from exports.
mit means “with” or “from,” verdient means “earns,” and die Firma means “the company.” Dem Export is dative because mit always takes the dative; the opening phrase occupies position one, so verdient comes next.
Der Wert des Exports ist gestiegen.
The value of exports has risen.
der Wert means “the value,” and ist gestiegen means “has risen.” Des Exports is genitive because it identifies whose value is meant; the perfect with movement or change uses sein, and gestiegen goes to the end.
Die Exporte nach Asien nehmen zu.
Exports to Asia are increasing.
nach Asien means “to Asia,” and nehmen zu means “increase.” Die Exporte is the plural subject, and the separable verb nehmen ... zu splits in the main clause, with zu at the end.

exportieren — to export; to export data ​

exportieren is a regular verb that normally takes haben in the perfect: hat exportiert. The exported item is usually an accusative object, and a destination can be added with nach, in or an.
Die Firma exportiert Maschinen nach Kanada.
The company exports machines to Canada.
die Firma means the company, Maschinen means machines, and nach Kanada means to Canada. Maschinen is accusative because exportieren takes the thing exported as a direct object, while nach marks the destination; the finite verb exportiert is in position two.
Wir haben Kaffee nach Japan exportiert.
We exported coffee to Japan.
Kaffee means coffee, and nach Japan means to Japan. The perfect uses haben plus the Partizip II exportiert, which stands at the end; Kaffee is the accusative object.
Deutschland exportierte früher viele Autos.
Germany used to export many cars.
Deutschland is Germany, früher means formerly or in the past, and viele Autos means many cars. The regular past form exportierte is in position two, and viele Autos is accusative as the direct object.
Exportiere bitte die Datei als PDF.
Please export the file as a PDF.
bitte means please, die Datei is the file, and als PDF means as a PDF. Exportiere is the informal singular imperative; die Datei is accusative because it is the thing being exported.
Wenn die Firma mehr exportieren würde, bräuchte sie neue Lastwagen.
If the company exported more, it would need new lorries.
wenn means if, mehr means more, bräuchte means would need, and neue Lastwagen means new lorries. In the wenn clause, the infinitive exportieren stands at the end; mehr exportieren würde expresses an unreal or hypothetical condition.
Die Firma wird nächstes Jahr mehr Lebensmittel exportieren.
The company will export more food next year.
nächstes Jahr means next year, and Lebensmittel means food products. Future tense uses wird in position two and the infinitive exportieren at the end; mehr Lebensmittel is the accusative object.
Ich exportiere die Kontakte in eine Datei.
I am exporting the contacts into a file.
die Kontakte means the contacts, and in eine Datei means into a file. die Kontakte is accusative because it is the data being exported, while in takes the accusative here because it expresses movement into a destination.
Klicken Sie hier, um die Tabelle zu exportieren.
Click here to export the table.
klicken means to click, hier means here, and die Tabelle means the table or spreadsheet. The infinitive with zu comes after um in the purpose phrase, and die Tabelle is the accusative object.

das Finanzamt — tax office, revenue office ​

Finanzamt is the German government office responsible for taxes. It is not simply a company's finance department; that is die Finanzabteilung.
Das Finanzamt schickt einen Brief.
The tax office sends a letter.
schickt means sends and einen Brief means a letter. Das Finanzamt is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb schickt stands in position two.
Ich muss das Finanzamt anrufen.
I have to call the tax office.
muss means have to, and anrufen means call by telephone. Das Finanzamt is accusative because it is the direct object of anrufen; after the modal verb muss, the infinitive goes to the end.
Sie antwortet dem Finanzamt sofort.
She replies to the tax office immediately.
antwortet means replies and sofort means immediately. Dem Finanzamt is dative because antworten takes a dative recipient; the finite verb antwortet is in position two.
Die Website des Finanzamts ist leicht zu finden.
The tax office's website is easy to find.
die Website is the website and leicht zu finden means easy to find. Des Finanzamts is genitive because it shows which office the website belongs to; the neuter genitive article is des.
In Deutschland gibt es viele Finanzämter.
There are many tax offices in Germany.
Deutschland is Germany and viele means many. Finanzämter is the plural after viele; in es gibt, the thing that exists is accusative, although the plural form itself has no visible case ending here.

finanziell — financial, monetary ​

Finanziell describes money or finance, while finanzierbar means capable of being financed. In everyday German, the adjective is often used before nouns such as finanzielle Probleme.
Die Lage ist finanziell schwierig.
The financial situation is difficult.
die Lage means the situation and schwierig means difficult. Finanziell is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Wir brauchen finanzielle Hilfe.
We need financial help.
brauchen means need and Hilfe means help. Finanzielle stands before the feminine accusative noun Hilfe and takes -e after the zero article; the whole phrase is the accusative object.
Das Projekt ist finanzieller als geplant.
The project is more financially demanding than planned.
das Projekt means the project and geplant means planned. Finanzieller compares the project with the plan using als; after ist, the comparative is predicative and has no ending.
Diese Lösung ist am finanziellsten.
This solution is the most financially advantageous.
diese Lösung means this solution. Am finanziellsten is the predicative superlative with am and -sten; it follows ist and does not take an attributive adjective ending.

finanzieren — to finance, to fund ​

Finanzieren takes an accusative object: etwas finanzieren means to finance something. It is a regular verb ending in -ieren, so its Partizip II is finanziert, without ge-, and its perfect auxiliary is haben.
Die Bank finanziert das neue Haus.
The bank finances the new house.
die Bank means the bank and das neue Haus means the new house. Das neue Haus is accusative because finanzieren takes a direct object, and the finite verb finanziert stands in position two.
Die Bank hat das neue Haus finanziert.
The bank has financed the new house.
die Bank is the bank and das neue Haus is the new house. The perfect uses hat plus finanziert because this verb takes haben; the auxiliary is in position two and the Partizip II goes to the end.
Die Bank finanzierte das neue Haus.
The bank financed the new house.
die Bank means the bank and das neue Haus means the new house. Finanzierte is the regular Präteritum form, and the accusative object follows the verb in this simple main clause.
Finanzier bitte unser Projekt.
Please finance our project.
bitte means please, and unser Projekt means our project. Finanzier is the du imperative with the subject omitted; unser Projekt is accusative because it is the thing being financed.
Ich würde das Projekt gern finanzieren.
I would be happy to finance the project.
gern means gladly or would be happy to, and das Projekt means the project. Würde is Konjunktiv II and the infinitive finanzieren goes to the end; the project is accusative as the direct object.
Die Stiftung wird den Kurs finanzieren.
The foundation will finance the course.
die Stiftung means the foundation and den Kurs means the course. Future I uses wird plus the infinitive finanzieren at the end; den Kurs is accusative because it is the direct object.

die Forderung — demand, claim; financial claim, receivable ​

A Forderung can be a spoken or written demand, or a claim to something. In financial contexts, it can also mean a sum of money that someone is entitled to receive.
Die Forderung ist berechtigt.
The demand is justified.
berechtigt means justified or legitimate. Die Forderung is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Der Arbeitgeber lehnt die Forderung ab.
The employer rejects the demand.
der Arbeitgeber is the employer, and ablehnen means to reject. die Forderung is accusative because it is the object of ablehnen; the separable verb places ab at the end.
Wir widersprechen der Forderung.
We object to the demand.
widersprechen means to contradict or object to, and wir means we. der Forderung is dative because widersprechen always takes a dative object, even though English uses to.
Die Erfüllung der Forderung dauert lange.
Fulfilling the demand takes a long time.
die Erfüllung means fulfilment, and dauert lange means takes a long time. der Forderung is genitive because it identifies whose fulfilment is meant; the feminine noun has the same ending, but the article changes to der.
Die Gewerkschaft stellt mehrere Forderungen.
The trade union is making several demands.
die Gewerkschaft is the trade union, and mehrere means several. mehrere Forderungen is accusative because it is the object of stellt ..., and the plural noun ends in -en.
Das Unternehmen hat noch offene Forderungen.
The company still has outstanding claims.
das Unternehmen means the company, noch means still, and offen means outstanding or unpaid. offene Forderungen is accusative after hat as its object, and the plural article is not repeated because the adjective ending carries the marking.
Die Bank kauft Forderungen von anderen Firmen.
The bank buys claims from other companies.
die Bank is the bank, kauft means buys, and andere Firmen means other companies. Forderungen is accusative as the object of kauft, while von anderen Firmen is dative after von.

der Franken — franc ​

For the currency, der Franken has the plural die Franken and the genitive des Frankens. Do not confuse this currency word with der Franke, a person from Franconia.
Franken ist der Name einer Schweizer Währung.
Franc is the name of a Swiss currency.
die Währung means currency, and Schweizer means Swiss. Franken is the nominative subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich habe einen Franken in meiner Tasche.
I have one franc in my pocket.
haben means to have, meine Tasche means my pocket, and in meiner Tasche means in my pocket. einen Franken is accusative because haben takes an accusative object; the finite verb habe is in position two.
Mit einem Franken kann man heute nicht viel kaufen.
With one franc, you cannot buy much today.
mit means with, heute means today, and viel means much or a lot. einem Franken is dative because mit always takes the dative; kaufen stands at the end because it is part of the modal construction with kann.
Der Wert des Frankens ist gefallen.
The value of the franc has fallen.
der Wert means the value, and gefallen means fallen. des Frankens is genitive because it specifies whose value; the perfect verb combination is split, with ist in position two and gefallen at the end.
In der Schweiz bezahlt man oft mit Franken.
In Switzerland, people often pay with francs.
die Schweiz means Switzerland, bezahlen means to pay, and oft means often. Franken is plural after mit, which requires the dative; the plural form is identical to the singular form.

fällig — due, payable ​

Fällig is especially common for bills, payments, and deadlines. It does not mean fertig (finished); eine Rechnung ist fällig means that it must now be paid.
Die Rechnung ist heute fällig.
The invoice is due today.
die Rechnung means the invoice, and heute means today. Fällig stands after ist in the predicative position and does not take an adjective ending; it says that payment is due now.
Ich bezahle die fällige Rechnung sofort.
I will pay the due invoice immediately.
bezahlen means to pay, and sofort means immediately. Die fällige Rechnung is accusative because bezahlen takes a direct object; the adjective has -e after the definite article die.
Diese Zahlung ist fälliger als die andere.
This payment is more overdue than the other one.
diese Zahlung means this payment, and die andere means the other one. Fälliger compares two payments with als; because it follows ist, it has no adjective ending.
Welche Rechnung ist am fälligsten?
Which invoice is the most overdue?
welche Rechnung means which invoice. Am fälligsten is a predicative superlative after ist, and the finite verb comes second in the question after the question phrase.

der Gehalt — content, substance ​

This masculine noun, der Gehalt, means content or substance. It is different from neuter das Gehalt, which means salary; the masculine plural is die Gehalte, while the salary plural is die Gehälter.
Der Gehalt an Zucker ist hoch.
The sugar content is high.
der Zucker is sugar, and hoch means high. Der Gehalt is nominative because it is the subject; an Zucker specifies what is being measured, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir messen den Gehalt an Salz.
We measure the salt content.
messen means to measure, and das Salz is salt. Den Gehalt is accusative because messen takes a direct object; an Salz names the substance whose content is measured.
Das Getränk fehlt dem Gehalt an Vitaminen.
The drink lacks vitamin content.
das Getränk is the drink, fehlen means to be lacking, and die Vitamine are vitamins. Dem Gehalt is dative because fehlen takes a dative complement; this sentence is formal and means that the drink lacks content in vitamins.
Die Messung des Gehalts dauert lange.
The measurement of the content takes a long time.
die Messung is the measurement, and dauert lange means takes a long time. Des Gehalts is genitive and identifies what is measured; the masculine noun takes -s in this form.
Die verschiedenen Gehalte werden verglichen.
The different contents are compared.
verschieden means different, and verglichen means compared. Die Gehalte is the plural of masculine der Gehalt in the content sense; werden verglichen is the present passive, with the participle at the end.

das Girokonto — current account, checking account ​

das Girokonto is an everyday bank account for receiving money, making transfers, and paying bills. Do not confuse it with das Sparkonto, which is mainly used for saving money.
Das Girokonto kostet fünf Euro im Monat.
The current account costs five euros a month.
fünf Euro means five euros, and im Monat means per month. Das Girokonto is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb kostet stands in position two.
Ich eröffne ein Girokonto bei dieser Bank.
I am opening a current account at this bank.
eröffnen means to open, and bei dieser Bank means at this bank. ein Girokonto is accusative because eröffnen takes a direct object; bei takes the dative in the following phrase.
Die Bank hilft mir mit dem Girokonto.
The bank helps me with the current account.
die Bank means the bank, and hilft means helps. dem Girokonto is dative because mit always takes the dative; the pronoun mir is also dative because helfen takes a dative person.
Die Nummer des Girokontos steht auf dem Brief.
The account number is on the letter.
die Nummer means the number, steht means is written or stands, and der Brief means the letter. des Girokontos is genitive to show which account the number belongs to; auf dem Brief is dative because it describes a fixed location.
Viele Kunden haben mehrere Girokonten.
Many customers have several current accounts.
viele Kunden means many customers, and mehrere means several. Girokonten is plural and accusative because haben takes a direct object; the plural ending is -en.

die Haftpflichtversicherung — liability insurance policy ​

Haftpflichtversicherung is a compound of Haftpflicht and Versicherung, meaning liability insurance. Unlike Haftpflicht itself, it can refer to separate policies and therefore has the regular plural Haftpflichtversicherungen.
Die Haftpflichtversicherung bezahlt den Schaden.
The liability insurance pays for the damage.
bezahlt means pays, and der Schaden is the damage or loss. Die Haftpflichtversicherung is nominative because it is the subject, while den Schaden is accusative because bezahlen takes a direct object.
Wir suchen die Haftpflichtversicherung online.
We are looking for the liability insurance online.
suchen means look for, and online means online. Die Haftpflichtversicherung is accusative because suchen takes a direct object; the feminine article is identical in the nominative and accusative.
Mit der Haftpflichtversicherung bin ich gut geschützt.
I am well protected with liability insurance.
geschützt means protected, and gut means well. Der Haftpflichtversicherung is dative because mit always takes the dative; bin is in position two and geschützt comes at the end with sein.
Die Bedingungen der Haftpflichtversicherung sind klar.
The conditions of the liability insurance are clear.
die Bedingungen means the conditions or terms, and klar means clear. Der Haftpflichtversicherung is genitive and shows which conditions are meant; sind agrees with plural Bedingungen.
Viele Menschen vergleichen Haftpflichtversicherungen.
Many people compare liability insurance policies.
viele Menschen means many people, and vergleichen means compare. Haftpflichtversicherungen is the plural accusative object after vergleichen; the ending -en marks the plural.

der Handel — trade, commerce; deal, negotiation ​

Handel is normally an uncountable noun, so it has no plural. Do not confuse it with handeln, the verb meaning to act, trade, or negotiate.
Handel verbindet viele Länder.
Trade connects many countries.
verbindet means connects, and viele Länder means many countries. Handel is nominative because it is the subject, while viele Länder is accusative because verbindet takes a direct object.
Der Staat unterstützt den Handel.
The state supports trade.
Staat means state and unterstützt means supports. den Handel is accusative because unterstützen takes a direct object; the finite verb unterstützt stands in position two.
Mit dem Handel verdient die Stadt viel Geld.
The city earns a lot of money from trade.
verdient means earns, die Stadt means the city, and viel Geld means a lot of money. dem Handel is dative because mit always takes the dative; the fronted prepositional phrase occupies position one, so verdient comes next.
Die Regeln des Handels ändern sich ständig.
The rules of trade are constantly changing.
Regeln means rules, ändern sich means change, and ständig means constantly. des Handels is genitive because it shows which rules are meant; the reflexive pronoun sich belongs with ändern.
Über den Preis gibt es noch Handel.
There is still room for negotiation about the price.
Über den Preis means about the price, gibt es means there is, and noch means still. Handel is used without a plural because this sense describes negotiation as an activity; über den Preis uses the accusative for the topic of negotiation.
Der Händler bietet einen guten Handel an.
The dealer offers a good deal.
Händler means dealer or trader, bietet ... an means offers, and guten means good. einen guten Handel is accusative because anbieten takes an accusative object; the separable verb splits, with an at the end.

die IBAN — IBAN, international bank account number ​

IBAN is an abbreviation for International Bank Account Number and is feminine in German: die IBAN. Its plural is formed with -s: die IBANs.
Die IBAN steht auf dem Kontoauszug.
The IBAN is on the bank statement.
Kontoauszug means bank statement and steht auf means is written on. Die IBAN is nominative because it is the subject; steht is in position two.
Bitte nennen Sie die IBAN.
Please give the IBAN.
bitte means please and nennen means to state or give. Die IBAN is accusative because nennen takes a direct object; this is a polite formal request with Sie.
Ich überweise das Geld mit der IBAN.
I transfer the money using the IBAN.
überweisen means to transfer money and Geld means money. Der IBAN is dative because mit always requires the dative; überweise is in position two.
Die Prüfung der IBAN dauert nur wenige Sekunden.
Checking the IBAN takes only a few seconds.
Prüfung means checking and wenige Sekunden means a few seconds. Der IBAN is genitive because it identifies what is being checked; dauert is in position two.
Die IBANs stehen auf den Rechnungen.
The IBANs are on the invoices.
Rechnungen means invoices. IBANs is the plural with -s and is the subject, so the verb is the plural form stehen.

die Investition — investment ​

Investition is used for money, time or resources put into something for a future benefit. Do not confuse it with Kosten, which are expenses without the necessary idea of a future return.
Die Investition lohnt sich.
The investment is worthwhile.
lohnt sich means is worthwhile, and sich is part of this reflexive expression. Die Investition is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb lohnt is in position two.
Das Unternehmen plant eine große Investition.
The company is planning a large investment.
das Unternehmen means the company, plant means is planning, and groß means large. Eine große Investition is accusative because plant takes a direct object; the adjective has the ending -e after eine.
Mit dieser Investition schaffen wir neue Arbeitsplätze.
With this investment, we are creating new jobs.
dieser means this, schaffen means create, and neue Arbeitsplätze means new jobs. Mit takes the dative, so dieser Investition is dative; the opening phrase is followed by the verb schaffen in position two.
Die Risiken der Investition sind schwer einzuschätzen.
The risks of the investment are difficult to assess.
die Risiken means the risks, and schwer einzuschätzen means difficult to assess. Der Investition is genitive because it identifies which risks are meant; the infinitive expression einzuschätzen goes to the end.
Viele Investitionen bringen erst später Gewinn.
Many investments only bring a profit later.
viele means many, erst später means only later, and Gewinn means profit. Viele Investitionen is the plural subject, so the verb is bringen; the bare noun Gewinn is an unmarked accusative object here.

der Kauf — purchase, act of buying ​

der Kauf is the noun related to kaufen. It usually refers to the act or transaction of buying, while der Einkauf often refers to shopping or the goods bought while shopping.
Der Kauf war eine gute Entscheidung.
The purchase was a good decision.
war means was and eine gute Entscheidung means a good decision. Der Kauf is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb war stands in position two.
Ich bereue den Kauf.
I regret the purchase.
bereue means regret. den Kauf is accusative because bereuen takes a direct object, and the finite verb bereue is in position two.
Nach dem Kauf habe ich die Rechnung geprüft.
After the purchase, I checked the invoice.
nach means after, die Rechnung means the invoice, and geprüft means checked. dem Kauf is dative because nach always takes the dative; in the perfect, habe is in position two and geprüft goes to the end.
Der Preis des Kaufs steht auf dem Beleg.
The price of the purchase is on the receipt.
der Preis means the price, steht means is written or appears, and der Beleg means the receipt. des Kaufs is genitive and shows what the price belongs to; auf dem Beleg is dative because it describes a fixed location.
Die Käufe im Internet nehmen zu.
Online purchases are increasing.
im Internet means online or on the internet, and nehmen zu means are increasing. Die Käufe is the plural subject of nehmen zu; the separable verb has nehmen in position two and zu at the end.

der Kaufvertrag — purchase contract, sales contract ​

A Kaufvertrag is the agreement that legally records a purchase, including the goods, price and conditions. In everyday speech, people may also say Vertrag, but Kaufvertrag makes the type of contract clear.
Der Kaufvertrag ist gültig.
The purchase contract is valid.
gültig means valid or legally effective. Der Kaufvertrag is nominative because it is the subject, and gültig follows ist as a predicative adjective without an ending.
Wir unterschreiben den Kaufvertrag heute.
We are signing the purchase contract today.
unterschreiben means to sign, and heute means today. Den Kaufvertrag is accusative because it is the object of unterschreiben; the finite verb unterschreiben is in position two.
Der Anwalt erklärt dem Kunden den Kaufvertrag.
The lawyer explains the purchase contract to the customer.
der Anwalt is the lawyer, erklären means to explain, and der Kunde is the customer. Dem Kunden is dative because it is the person receiving the explanation, while den Kaufvertrag is accusative as the thing explained.
Die Bedingungen des Kaufvertrags sind klar.
The conditions of the purchase contract are clear.
die Bedingungen are the conditions, and klar means clear. Des Kaufvertrags is genitive and shows which contract the conditions belong to; the plural subject Bedingungen requires sind, not ist.
Die beiden Kaufverträge enthalten ähnliche Bedingungen.
The two purchase contracts contain similar conditions.
beide means both, enthalten means contain, and ähnlich means similar. Kaufverträge is the plural with an umlaut and -e, and the contracts are nominative because they are the subject.
Lies den Kaufvertrag sorgfältig durch.
Read through the purchase contract carefully.
durchlesen means to read through, and sorgfältig means carefully. This is an informal du imperative: the separable prefix durch moves to the end, while den Kaufvertrag is accusative as the object.

die Kaution — deposit, security deposit; bail ​

In housing, die Kaution is usually a security deposit paid to a landlord. It is normally returned when there are no unpaid costs or damage; it is not the same as die Miete, the rent.
Die Kaution ist sehr hoch.
The deposit is very high.
hoch means high, and sehr means very. Die Kaution is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir zahlen die Kaution morgen.
We are paying the deposit tomorrow.
Wir means we, zahlen means pay, and morgen means tomorrow. Die Kaution is accusative because it is the direct object of zahlen; the finite verb zahlen is in position two.
Der Vermieter gibt uns die Kaution zurück.
The landlord gives the deposit back to us.
der Vermieter means the landlord, uns means us, and zurückgeben means to give back. Uns is dative as the recipient, while die Kaution is accusative as the thing returned; the separable verb has gibt in position two and zurück at the end.
Die Rückzahlung der Kaution dauert drei Wochen.
The repayment of the deposit takes three weeks.
die Rückzahlung means the repayment, dauert means takes or lasts, and drei Wochen means three weeks. Der Kaution is genitive because it identifies what is being repaid; the finite verb dauert is in position two.
Viele Kautionen werden erst später zurückgezahlt.
Many deposits are only repaid later.
Viele means many, erst später means only later, and zurückgezahlt means repaid. Kautionen is plural and is the subject of the passive sentence, so it is nominative; werden is in position two and zurückgezahlt goes to the end.

die Kirchensteuer — church tax ​

Kirchensteuer is normally treated as a mass noun when referring to the tax generally, but the plural Kirchensteuern is possible when comparing different taxes or systems. It is a culture-specific term, especially important for understanding German payslips and tax forms.
Die Kirchensteuer ist in Deutschland gesetzlich geregelt.
Church tax is regulated by law in Germany.
Deutschland means Germany, gesetzlich means legal or statutory, and geregelt means regulated. Die Kirchensteuer is nominative because it is the subject, and ist ... geregelt is a state expression with the finite verb ist in position two.
Viele Menschen zahlen die Kirchensteuer jedes Jahr.
Many people pay church tax every year.
Viele Menschen means many people, and jedes Jahr means every year. Die Kirchensteuer is accusative because zahlen takes a direct object; the finite verb zahlen stands in position two.
Arbeitnehmern wird der Kirchensteuer oft ein Teil des Gehalts abgezogen.
For employees, part of their salary is often deducted as church tax.
Arbeitnehmern means employees, oft means often, Teil means part, and Gehalt means salary. Der Kirchensteuer is dative because als is understood in the meaning as church tax, while Arbeitnehmern is also dative as the affected group; the passive verb wird abgezogen places abgezogen at the end.
Die Höhe der Kirchensteuer hängt vom Einkommen ab.
The amount of church tax depends on income.
Höhe means amount, hängt ... ab means depends, and Einkommen means income. Der Kirchensteuer is genitive because it specifies the amount; von requires the dative in vom Einkommen, and the separable verb hängt ... ab brackets the clause.
In einigen Ländern gibt es unterschiedliche Kirchensteuern.
In some countries there are different church taxes.
einigen Ländern means some countries, and unterschiedliche means different. Kirchensteuern is plural after unterschiedliche; in es gibt, the thing that exists is accusative, but the plural ending remains -n.

der Kontoauszug — bank statement ​

The compound combines das Konto (account) and der Auszug (statement or extract). In the plural, Auszug becomes Auszüge; in the genitive, the compound ends in -s.
Der Kontoauszug liegt auf dem Tisch.
The bank statement is on the table.
liegt means lies or is lying, and auf dem Tisch means on the table. Der Kontoauszug is nominative because it is the subject; auf takes dative here because the statement is in a location, not moving.
Ich prüfe den Kontoauszug jeden Monat.
I check the bank statement every month.
prüfe means check, and jeden Monat means every month. Den Kontoauszug is accusative because prüfen takes a direct object; the finite verb prüfe is in position two.
Die Bank schickt mir dem Kontoauszug?
The bank sends me the bank statement?
die Bank means the bank, schickt means sends, and mir means to me. This sentence is not standard: with schicken, the statement is accusative, so the natural sentence is Die Bank schickt mir den Kontoauszug; mir is dative for the recipient.
Die Daten des Kontoauszugs sind vertraulich.
The data on the bank statement is confidential.
die Daten means the data, and vertraulich means confidential. Des Kontoauszugs is genitive because it means of the bank statement; the compound ends in -s in the genitive.
Ich bewahre alle Kontoauszüge auf.
I keep all the bank statements.
alle means all, and aufbewahren means keep or store. Kontoauszüge is the plural, with -e and an umlaut; it is accusative because aufbewahren takes a direct object.

der Kontoinhaber — account holder ​

Kontoinhaber is a compound of das Konto and der Inhaber, meaning holder or owner. Its plural has no ending, so learners must use the article or determiner to recognise the plural.
Der Kontoinhaber muss unterschreiben.
The account holder must sign.
muss means must, and unterschreiben means sign. Der Kontoinhaber is nominative because it is the subject; with the modal verb muss, the infinitive unterschreiben goes to the end.
Die Bank bittet den Kontoinhaber um eine Unterschrift.
The bank asks the account holder for a signature.
bittet means asks, um eine Unterschrift means for a signature, and die Bank means the bank. Den Kontoinhaber is accusative because bitten takes the person asked as a direct object; um takes accusative in this fixed expression.
Die Bank gibt dem Kontoinhaber neue Informationen.
The bank gives the account holder new information.
gibt means gives, and neue Informationen means new information. Dem Kontoinhaber is dative because it is the recipient; geben normally has a dative recipient and an accusative thing.
Die Adresse des Kontoinhabers hat sich geändert.
The account holder's address has changed.
die Adresse means the address, and hat sich geändert means has changed. Des Kontoinhabers is genitive because it shows whose address it is; the noun takes -s in the genitive.
Alle Kontoinhaber erhalten einen Brief.
All account holders receive a letter.
alle means all, erhalten means receive, and einen Brief means a letter. Kontoinhaber is both the singular and plural noun form; alle shows that it is plural, and the group is nominative as the subject.

der Kredit — loan; credit ​

In everyday banking, der Kredit usually means a loan that has to be repaid, while Kredit haben can mean having credit or being trusted financially. The plural is die Kredite.
Der Kredit ist genehmigt.
The loan has been approved.
genehmigt means approved. Der Kredit is nominative because it is the subject, and ist genehmigt is a passive-style state with the finite verb ist in position two.
Die Bank bewilligt den Kredit.
The bank approves the loan.
die Bank is the bank and bewilligen means to approve. Den Kredit is accusative because bewilligen takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Die Bank hilft dem Kunden mit dem Kredit.
The bank helps the customer with the loan.
helfen means to help and der Kunde is the customer. Mit always takes the dative, so dem Kredit is dative; dem Kunden is also dative because helfen requires it.
Die Zinsen des Kredits sind hoch.
The interest on the loan is high.
die Zinsen are the interest and hoch means high. Des Kredits is genitive after die Zinsen, showing which loan the interest belongs to; the masculine noun adds -s.
Viele Kredite werden heute günstiger.
Many loans are becoming cheaper today.
viele means many, heute means today, and günstiger means cheaper. Kredite is plural and nominative as the subject of werden ... günstiger; the plural article is not needed after viele.

die Lohnsteuer — wage tax, income tax withheld from pay ​

Lohnsteuer is tax taken from wages before the employee receives them. It is a mass noun, so it normally has no plural; use die Lohnsteuer for the nominative and accusative and der Lohnsteuer for the dative and genitive.
Lohnsteuer wird direkt vom Gehalt abgezogen.
Wage tax is deducted directly from the salary.
direkt means directly, das Gehalt means salary, and abziehen means deduct. Lohnsteuer is nominative because it is the subject of the passive sentence; the finite verb wird is in position two, and the participle abgezogen goes to the end.
Mein Arbeitgeber überweist die Lohnsteuer jeden Monat.
My employer transfers the wage tax every month.
mein Arbeitgeber means my employer, überweisen means transfer, and jeden Monat means every month. Lohnsteuer is accusative because überweisen takes a direct object; the finite verb überweist stands in position two.
Mit der Lohnsteuer muss ich mich jedes Jahr beschäftigen.
I have to deal with wage tax every year.
mit means with, jedes Jahr means every year, and sich beschäftigen mit means deal with. Mit forces the dative, so der Lohnsteuer is dative; the reflexive phrase mich beschäftigen has the separable verb beschäftigen at the end because of the modal-like structure with muss.
Die Höhe der Lohnsteuer hängt vom Einkommen ab.
The amount of wage tax depends on income.
die Höhe means the amount, abhängen von means depend on, and das Einkommen means income. Der Lohnsteuer is genitive because it specifies the amount; vom Einkommen is dative after von, and ab separates from abhängen in the main clause.

die Mahnung — formal reminder; payment demand; warning; serious appeal ​

A Mahnung is stronger and more formal than an Erinnerung and often concerns an unpaid bill. It can be a letter or an email, and repeated Mahnungen may lead to legal action.
Die Mahnung lag heute im Briefkasten.
The formal payment reminder was in the letterbox today.
lag means was lying, heute means today, and Briefkasten is letterbox. Die Mahnung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb lag is in position two.
Ich habe die Mahnung sofort bezahlt.
I paid the payment reminder immediately.
sofort means immediately and bezahlt means paid. Die Mahnung is accusative because bezahlen takes a direct object; habe is in position two and bezahlt goes to the end in the perfect tense.
Ich antworte der Mahnung nicht, sondern der Firma.
I do not reply to the formal reminder, but to the company.
antworte means reply, nicht means not, sondern means but rather, and Firma is company. The verb antworten normally takes a dative person or thing, so der Mahnung is dative; antworte is the finite verb in position two.
Der Inhalt der Mahnung war schwer zu verstehen.
The content of the formal reminder was difficult to understand.
Inhalt means content, schwer means difficult, and zu verstehen means to understand. Der Mahnung is genitive because it shows whose content it is; the finite verb war stands in position two, while zu verstehen stays at the end.
Im Büro liegen drei Mahnungen.
There are three formal payment reminders lying in the office.
Büro means office, liegen means are lying, and drei means three. Mahnungen is the plural with -en; im Büro is dative because in describes a fixed location, while Mahnungen is the nominative subject after liegen.
Seine Rede war eine Mahnung zur Vorsicht.
His speech was a warning to be careful.
Rede means speech, Vorsicht means caution, and seine means his. Eine Mahnung is nominative after war; zur Vorsicht means to caution and contains zu der, while the finite verb war is in position two.
Die Ärztin verstand den Unfall als Mahnung.
The doctor understood the accident as a warning.
Ärztin means female doctor, verstand means understood, Unfall means accident, and als means as. Den Unfall is accusative because verstehen takes a direct object, while als Mahnung describes how the accident was interpreted.

die Mark — mark (former German currency); march, borderland (historical) ​

As a currency, die Mark has the unchanged plural Mark, especially after numbers. In the historical-geographical sense, the plural is Marken, meaning borderlands or marches.
Die Mark war früher Deutschlands Währung.
The mark used to be Germany's currency.
früher means formerly and die Währung means currency. Die Mark is nominative because it is the subject, and war is the past-tense verb in position two.
Meine Großmutter spart die Mark.
My grandmother saves the mark.
meine Großmutter means my grandmother and spart means saves. Die Mark is accusative because sparen takes a direct object; the feminine article is unchanged from nominative.
Er vertraut der Mark nicht mehr.
He no longer trusts the mark.
vertraut means trusts and nicht mehr means no longer. Der Mark is dative because vertrauen takes dative, although this historical-currency use is uncommon today.
Der Wert der Mark stieg schnell.
The value of the mark rose quickly.
der Wert means the value and stieg schnell means rose quickly. Der Mark is genitive because it identifies whose value is meant; the feminine noun has no ending change.
Früher kostete das Brot zwei Mark.
The bread used to cost two marks.
früher means formerly, kostete means cost, and das Brot means bread. Mark is the unchanged plural after the number zwei; do not add -en for a monetary amount.
Die Mark lag an der Grenze.
The march lay on the border.
lag means lay or was situated, and die Grenze means the border. Die Mark is nominative as the subject; an der Grenze is dative because it describes a fixed location.
Im Mittelalter gab es viele Marken.
In the Middle Ages there were many borderlands.
im Mittelalter means in the Middle Ages, gab es means there were, and viele means many. Marken is plural after viele; in es gab, the thing that existed is grammatically accusative.

die Mehrwertsteuer — value-added tax, VAT ​

In Germany, die Mehrwertsteuer is commonly abbreviated as MwSt. The standard rate is often called der Regelsteuersatz, while a lower rate is der ermäßigte Steuersatz.
Die Mehrwertsteuer beträgt neunzehn Prozent.
Value-added tax is nineteen percent.
beträgt means amounts to, and neunzehn Prozent means nineteen percent. Die Mehrwertsteuer is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beträgt is in position two.
Wir zahlen die Mehrwertsteuer beim Einkauf.
We pay value-added tax when shopping.
zahlen means pay, beim Einkauf means when shopping, and Einkauf means purchase or shopping. die Mehrwertsteuer is accusative because zahlen takes the thing paid as its direct object.
Auf dem Kassenbon steht die Mehrwertsteuer.
The receipt shows the value-added tax.
auf dem Kassenbon means on the receipt, and steht means is shown or stands. dem Kassenbon is dative because auf describes a fixed location here; the feminine noun die Mehrwertsteuer looks the same in nominative and accusative, while the verb remains in position two after the fronted phrase.
Die Höhe der Mehrwertsteuer ist gesetzlich festgelegt.
The amount of value-added tax is set by law.
die Höhe means the amount or level, gesetzlich means prescribed by law, and festgelegt means set. der Mehrwertsteuer is genitive because it identifies the amount; the subject Die Höhe is nominative and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
In Europa gelten unterschiedliche Mehrwertsteuern.
Different value-added taxes apply in Europe.
In Europa means in Europe, gelten means apply, and unterschiedliche means different. Mehrwertsteuern is nominative plural because it is the subject; the plural ending -n is part of the noun form.

der Mengenrabatt — quantity discount ​

The compound Mengenrabatt combines Menge, “quantity,” and Rabatt, “discount.” It is a countable masculine noun, so its plural is Mengenrabatte.
Der Mengenrabatt gilt ab zehn Stück.
The quantity discount applies from ten items onwards.
gilt means “applies,” ab zehn Stück means “from ten items onwards,” and Stück means “items” here. Der Mengenrabatt is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb gilt stands in position two.
Wir bekommen den Mengenrabatt für hundert Flaschen.
We get the quantity discount for one hundred bottles.
bekommen means “get,” hundert Flaschen means “one hundred bottles,” and für means “for.” Den Mengenrabatt is accusative because bekommen takes a direct object, and für also forces the accusative.
Der Verkäufer erklärt dem Kunden den Mengenrabatt.
The salesperson explains the quantity discount to the customer.
der Verkäufer is the salesperson, erklärt means “explains,” and dem Kunden means “to the customer.” Dem Kunden is dative as the recipient, while den Mengenrabatt is accusative as the thing explained.
Wegen des Mengenrabatts kaufen wir mehr.
Because of the quantity discount, we buy more.
wegen means “because of,” kaufen means “buy,” and mehr means “more.” Des Mengenrabatts is genitive because wegen commonly governs the genitive in careful standard German.
Die Händler bieten verschiedene Mengenrabatte an.
The retailers offer different quantity discounts.
die Händler means “the retailers,” verschiedene means “different,” and bieten ... an means “offer.” Mengenrabatte is plural, and the separable verb anbieten splits in a main clause, with an at the end.
Der Mengenrabatt wird automatisch berechnet.
The quantity discount is calculated automatically.
wird ... berechnet means “is calculated,” and automatisch means “automatically.” Der Mengenrabatt is nominative because it is the subject of the passive sentence, and the participle berechnet goes to the end.

der Millionär — millionaire ​

The word refers to wealth, not simply to someone with a high salary. The feminine form is Millionärin, and the plural is Millionäre.
Der Millionär spendet viel Geld.
The millionaire donates a lot of money.
spendet means donates, and viel Geld means a lot of money. Der Millionär is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb spendet is in position two.
Die Zeitung interviewt den Millionär.
The newspaper interviews the millionaire.
die Zeitung means the newspaper, and interviewt means interviews. Den Millionär is accusative because interviewen takes a direct object; only the masculine article changes from der to den.
Sie hilft dem Millionär bei der Suche.
She helps the millionaire with the search.
hilft means helps, and bei der Suche means with the search. Dem Millionär is dative because helfen governs the dative; the masculine article changes to dem.
Das Auto des Millionärs steht vor dem Haus.
The millionaire’s car is in front of the house.
das Auto means the car, steht means is parked, and vor dem Haus means in front of the house. Des Millionärs is genitive because it shows possession; the noun takes -s after des.
Viele Millionäre unterstützen diese Organisation.
Many millionaires support this organisation.
viele means many, unterstützen means support, and diese Organisation means this organisation. Millionäre is nominative plural because it is the subject.

mittel — medium, average, middle ​

mittel is usually used for size, amount or quality, as in mittlere Größe. Its comparison is grammatically possible but uncommon; everyday German often uses durchschnittlich for ‘average’.
Die Größe ist mittel.
The size is medium.
die Größe means ‘the size’, and ist means ‘is’. mittel is predicative after sein, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Wir kaufen eine mittlere Pizza.
We are buying a medium-sized pizza.
kaufen means ‘buy’, and eine Pizza is ‘a pizza’. eine mittlere Pizza is accusative because it is the object of kaufen; the feminine adjective takes -e after eine.
Dieses Zimmer ist mittler als das andere.
This room is more medium-sized than the other one.
dieses Zimmer means ‘this room’ and das andere means ‘the other one’. The comparative is followed by als; because mittler is predicative after ist, it has no adjective ending.
Von den drei Räumen ist dieser am mittelsten.
Of the three rooms, this one is the most medium-sized.
von den drei Räumen means ‘of the three rooms’, and dieser means ‘this one’. am mittelsten is the predicative superlative; the preposition von takes the dative plural den Räumen.

die Monatsmiete — monthly rent ​

die Monatsmiete is the rent for one month, not necessarily the total cost of housing. It is a feminine compound: Monats- means of the month and Miete means rent.
Die Monatsmiete beträgt 900 Euro.
The monthly rent is 900 euros.
beträgt means amounts to, and 900 Euro means 900 euros. Die Monatsmiete is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beträgt stands in position two.
Ich überweise die Monatsmiete am ersten Tag des Monats.
I transfer the monthly rent on the first day of the month.
ich überweise means I transfer, and am ersten Tag des Monats means on the first day of the month. die Monatsmiete is accusative because überweisen takes the thing transferred as an accusative object.
Ich spare jeden Monat für der Monatsmiete.
I save every month for the monthly rent.
ich spare means I save, and jeden Monat means every month. This sentence is not standard: für always takes the accusative, so the correct form is für die Monatsmiete, not für der Monatsmiete; this example highlights a common case error.
Die Höhe der Monatsmiete steht im Vertrag.
The amount of the monthly rent is stated in the contract.
die Höhe means the amount, and steht im Vertrag means is stated in the contract. der Monatsmiete is genitive because it specifies the amount; the feminine genitive article is der, and im Vertrag means in the contract.
In dieser Stadt sind die Monatsmieten sehr hoch.
In this city, monthly rents are very high.
in dieser Stadt means in this city, and sehr hoch means very high. die Monatsmieten is the plural subject, so the verb is plural: sind, not ist; in dieser Stadt is a dative location phrase.