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German Student Dictionary — Part 45
Dictionary entries, alphabetical: Körper – Krieg.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
der Körper — body
Plural: die Körper (unchanged, like "der Lehrer"). OCR dropped the umlaut in the headword; restored here as "Körper." Common in set pairings like "Körper und Geist" (body and mind).
Nom Der Körper braucht regelmäßige Bewegung.
The body needs regular exercise.
der Körper (maskulin) = body · regelmäßig = regular · die Bewegung, -en = movement/exercise. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Körper is the subject.
Akk Medizinstudenten studieren den menschlichen Körper.
Medical students study the human body.
der Medizinstudent, -en (weak noun) = medical student · menschlich = human. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Körper is the direct object. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Dat Sport tut dem Körper gut.
Exercise is good for the body.
der Sport = sport/exercise · guttun + Dativ = to do (someone) good. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein gesunder Körper ist wichtig für ein langes Leben.
A healthy body is important for a long life.
gesund = healthy · wichtig = important · das Leben = life. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Sport trainiert einen starken Körper.
Exercise trains a strong body.
trainieren = to train · stark = strong. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Yoga hilft den Körpern vieler Menschen.
Yoga helps the bodies of many people.
helfen + Dativ = to help · der Mensch, -en (weak noun) = person. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Körper adds "-n" (Körper → Körpern) since the plural doesn't already end in -n or -s.
korrekt — correct
Predicate/attributive adjective. Bundled in the dictionary's entry: korrigieren = to correct, the related verb, given its own entry next.
Das ist die korrekte Antwort.
That's the correct answer.
die Antwort, -en = answer. "Korrekte" — attributive adjective with a weak "-e" ending after "die" (feminin Nominativ). The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
korrigieren, er korrigiert — to correct
Regular (weak) verb — ich korrigiere, du korrigierst, er korrigiert, no stem change. Bundled in the dictionary's entry alongside the adjective "korrekt," which it's related to.
Die Lehrerin korrigiert die Hausaufgaben jeden Abend.
The teacher corrects the homework every evening.
die Lehrerin, -nen = teacher (f.) · die Hausaufgabe, -n = homework · jeden Abend = every evening. Present tense, "sie"-form: korrigiert (regular weak verb, no stem change).
kostbar — precious
Related to "kosten" (to cost) — something "kostbar" is worth a great deal.
Diamanten sind kostbare Edelsteine.
Diamonds are precious jewels.
der Diamant, -en (weak noun) = diamond · der Edelstein, -e = jewel/gemstone. "Kostbare" — plural predicate adjective, strong "-e" ending with no preceding article. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
kosten, er kostet — to cost
Regular (weak) verb — ich koste, du kostest, er/sie/es kostet, wir kosten, ihr kostet, sie kosten (matches the dictionary's own conjugation table, reordered here for clarity; no stem change). Bundled in the dictionary's entry: die Kosten (Pl.) = costs, given its own entry next; also the related phrase teuer sein = to be expensive (e.g. "Das Auto ist teuer" = "The car is expensive").
Wie viel kostet diese Jacke?
How much does this jacket cost?
wie viel = how much · die Jacke, -n = jacket. Present tense, "es"-form: kostet (regular weak verb, no stem change). The dictionary's own example, updated to the modern two-word spelling "wie viel."
Diese Ausbildung kostet sehr viel Geld.
This training costs a lot of money.
die Ausbildung, -en = training/education · das Geld = money. Present tense, "sie"-form: kostet.
die Kosten — costs
Plural-only noun (Pl.) — "costs/expenses"; for the price of a single item, use "der Preis" instead. Bundled in the dictionary's entry alongside "kosten" (to cost).
Nom Die Kosten steigen jedes Jahr.
The costs rise every year.
die Kosten (Pl.) = costs/expenses · steigen = to rise · jedes Jahr = every year. "Die" — Nominativ plural, the article used for every gender in the plural.
Akk Die Firma übernimmt die Kosten für die Reise.
The company covers the costs for the trip.
die Firma, Firmen = company · übernehmen = to take on/cover · die Reise, -n = trip. "Die" stays "die" in Akkusativ plural — the article never distinguishes Nominativ from Akkusativ in the plural.
Dat Mit den Kosten für die Reparatur hatten wir nicht gerechnet.
We hadn't counted on the costs for the repair.
rechnen mit + Dativ = to count/reckon on · die Reparatur, -en = repair. "Den" — Dativ plural always uses this article, regardless of gender; Kosten already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
köstlich — delicious
OCR dropped the umlaut in the source spelling of this word; restored here as "köstlich."
Dieses Essen ist köstlich.
This meal is delicious.
das Essen = food/meal. Predicate adjective after "ist" — no ending. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
das Kotelett — cutlet (chop)
Plural: die Koteletts — a loanword from French, adds "-s" like many French loanwords (der Balkon → die Balkons). The dictionary's own example uses the compound "das Schweinskotelett" (pork cutlet), built directly from this word.
Nom Das Kotelett schmeckt sehr gut.
The cutlet tastes very good.
schmecken = to taste. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Kotelett is the subject.
Akk Ich möchte bitte das Schweinskotelett.
I would like the pork cutlet, please.
das Schweinskotelett, -s = pork cutlet (built from "Kotelett") · möchte (subjunctive of "mögen") = would like. "Das" because neutral Akkusativ (das → das) — no change from Nominativ. Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used the indefinite article "ein" instead of "das," and corrected from the OCR-garbled "möchte" (the umlaut was dropped in the source).
Dat Zu dem Kotelett gibt es Kartoffeln.
Potatoes come with the cutlet.
die Kartoffel, -n = potato. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "zu."
Nom Ein Kotelett liegt auf dem Teller.
A cutlet is lying on the plate.
liegen = to lie · der Teller, - = plate. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Der Metzger verkauft mir ein Kotelett.
The butcher sells me a cutlet.
der Metzger, - = butcher · verkaufen = to sell. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases.
Dat Zu den Koteletts gibt es Salat.
There's salad with the cutlets.
der Salat, -e = salad. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the loanword plural "Koteletts" already ends in "-s," so no further ending is added.
der Kragen — collar
Plural: die Kragen (unchanged, like "der Wagen").
Nom Dieser Kragen ist zu eng.
This collar is too tight.
dieser = this (a der-word, declines like "der") · eng = tight/narrow. "Dieser" — maskulin Nominativ der-word. Kragen is the subject. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Akk Ich wasche den Kragen von Hand.
I wash the collar by hand.
waschen = to wash · von Hand = by hand. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Kragen is the direct object.
Dat Ein Knopf fehlt an dem Kragen.
A button is missing on the collar.
der Knopf, ö-e = button · fehlen = to be missing · an + Dativ (fixed location) = on. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "an."
Nom Ein steifer Kragen sieht sehr elegant aus.
A stiff collar looks very elegant.
steif = stiff · elegant aussehen = to look elegant. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Er trägt einen weißen Kragen zum Anzug.
He wears a white collar with the suit.
tragen = to wear · weiß = white · der Anzug, ü-e = suit. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat An den Kragen der Hemden fehlen Knöpfe.
Buttons are missing on the collars of the shirts.
das Hemd, -en = shirt. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Kragen stays "Kragen" unchanged — it already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
krank — sick; ill
Comparative/superlative: krank → kränker → am kränksten (adds an umlaut, otherwise regular). Base of the compounds Krankenhaus, Krankenschwester, Krankenwagen, and Krankheit that follow.
Ich bleibe im Bett, wenn ich krank bin.
I stay in bed when I am sick.
bleiben = to stay · das Bett, -en = bed. Predicate adjective after "bin" — no ending. The dictionary's own example; its translation was corrected from an OCR-garbled slash back to "I."
Wenn man krank ist, geht man zum Arzt.
When you are ill, you go to the doctor.
man = one/you (impersonal pronoun) · zum = zu + dem (contraction) · der Arzt, ä-e = doctor. Predicate adjective after "ist" — no ending. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
das Krankenhaus — hospital
A compound of "krank" (sick) + "das Haus" (house) — declines exactly like "das Haus": plural die Krankenhäuser (umlaut + "-er"), Dativ plural die Krankenhäusern.
Nom Das Krankenhaus liegt am Stadtrand.
The hospital is located on the edge of town.
liegen = to lie/be located · der Stadtrand, ä-er = edge of town. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Krankenhaus is the subject.
Akk Der Patient verlässt das Krankenhaus morgen.
The patient leaves the hospital tomorrow.
der Patient, -en (weak noun) = patient · verlassen = to leave. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das). Krankenhaus is the direct object.
Dat Der Chirurg arbeitet im Krankenhaus.
The surgeon works at the hospital.
der Chirurg, -en (weak noun) = surgeon · arbeiten = to work. "Im" absorbs "dem" — neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "in." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Nom Ein neues Krankenhaus wird in der Stadt gebaut.
A new hospital is being built in the city.
neu = new · bauen = to build. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Die Stadt braucht ein zweites Krankenhaus.
The city needs a second hospital.
brauchen = to need · zweite = second. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ.
Dat In den Krankenhäusern der Stadt fehlt Personal.
There's a staff shortage in the city's hospitals.
das Personal = staff/personnel · fehlen = to be missing/lacking. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Krankenhaus takes an umlaut and adds "-ern" (Krankenhaus → Krankenhäuser → Krankenhäusern), the same pattern as "das Haus → die Häuser."
die Krankenschwester — nurse
Plural: die Krankenschwestern — a compound of "krank" (sick) + "die Schwester" (sister), which also gives its own plural pattern (Schwester → Schwestern).
Nom Die Krankenschwester arbeitet im Krankenhaus.
The nurse works in the hospital.
arbeiten = to work · das Krankenhaus, ä-er = hospital. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Krankenschwester is the subject. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Akk Ich rufe die Krankenschwester.
I call the nurse.
rufen = to call. Feminine nouns keep the same form in Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here. Krankenschwester is the direct object.
Dat Der Arzt vertraut der Krankenschwester völlig.
The doctor trusts the nurse completely.
vertrauen + Dativ = to trust · völlig = completely. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine erfahrene Krankenschwester hilft den neuen Kollegen.
An experienced nurse helps the new colleagues.
erfahren = experienced · der Kollege, -n (weak noun) = colleague. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite; no ending change from the "die" pattern.
Akk Wir suchen eine Krankenschwester für die Nachtschicht.
We are looking for a nurse for the night shift.
suchen = to look for · die Nachtschicht, -en = night shift. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ (eine → eine).
Dat Der Chefarzt dankt den Krankenschwestern für ihre Arbeit.
The chief physician thanks the nurses for their work.
der Chefarzt, ä-e = chief physician · danken + Dativ = to thank. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the plural "Krankenschwestern" already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
der Krankenwagen — ambulance
Plural: die Krankenwagen (unchanged, like "der Wagen"). The dictionary's own example uses "Kranke," the adjectival noun built from "krank" (sick person), the same pattern as "der/die Erwachsene."
Nom Der Krankenwagen bringt Kranke zum Krankenhaus.
The ambulance takes sick people to the hospital.
bringen = to bring · der/die Kranke (adjectival noun, from "krank") = sick person · zum = zu + dem. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Krankenwagen is the subject. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Akk Die Polizei ruft den Krankenwagen sofort.
The police call the ambulance immediately.
die Polizei = police · rufen = to call · sofort = immediately. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Der Verletzte wird mit dem Krankenwagen transportiert.
The injured person is transported by ambulance.
der/die Verletzte (adjectival noun) = injured person · transportieren = to transport. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "mit."
Nom Ein Krankenwagen fährt mit Blaulicht durch die Straße.
An ambulance drives through the street with flashing lights.
das Blaulicht, -er = flashing/blue light · die Straße, -n = street. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Der Notarzt braucht einen Krankenwagen.
The emergency doctor needs an ambulance.
der Notarzt, ä-e = emergency doctor · brauchen = to need. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Die Klinik arbeitet mit den Krankenwagen mehrerer Firmen.
The clinic works with the ambulances of several companies.
die Klinik, -en = clinic · mehrere = several · die Firma, Firmen = company. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Krankenwagen stays unchanged — it already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
die Krankheit — disease; sickness
Plural: die Krankheiten (adds "-en," like "die Zeit" → "die Zeiten").
Nom Ihre Krankheit kann mit dieser Medizin geheilt werden.
Your disease can be cured with this medicine.
ihre = her/their (possessive) · die Medizin, -en = medicine · heilen = to cure · werden (passive auxiliary) = to become/be. "Ihre" — feminin Nominativ possessive, agreeing with Krankheit. Krankheit is the subject of this passive sentence. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Akk Der Arzt diagnostiziert die Krankheit schnell.
The doctor diagnoses the disease quickly.
diagnostizieren = to diagnose · schnell = quickly. Feminine nouns keep the same form in Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Er leidet seit Jahren an der Krankheit.
He has been suffering from the disease for years.
leiden an + Dativ = to suffer from · seit + Dativ = since/for (time). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "an."
Nom Eine seltene Krankheit betrifft nur wenige Menschen.
A rare disease affects only a few people.
selten = rare · betreffen = to affect · der Mensch, -en (weak noun) = person. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Der Arzt behandelt eine ernste Krankheit.
The doctor is treating a serious disease.
behandeln = to treat · ernst = serious. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Ärzte warnen vor den Krankheiten des Winters.
Doctors warn about the diseases of winter.
warnen vor + Dativ = to warn about · der Winter = winter. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Krankheit adds "-en" to form the plural (Krankheiten), which already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
die Krawatte — tie
Plural: die Krawatten (adds "-n").
Nom Die Krawatte passt gut zum Anzug.
The tie matches the suit well.
passen zu + Dativ = to match/go with · der Anzug, ü-e = suit. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Krawatte is the subject.
Akk Trägst du gern die Krawatte?
Do you like to wear the tie?
tragen = to wear · gern = gladly/like to. Feminine nouns keep the same form in Nominativ and Akkusativ. Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used the indefinite article "eine" instead of "die."
Dat Der Fleck an der Krawatte fällt kaum auf.
The stain on the tie is barely noticeable.
der Fleck, -en = stain · auffallen = to be noticeable/stand out · kaum = barely. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "an."
Nom Eine rote Krawatte liegt auf dem Bett.
A red tie is lying on the bed.
rot = red · liegen = to lie · das Bett, -en = bed. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Er kauft sich eine neue Krawatte für das Interview.
He is buying himself a new tie for the interview.
kaufen = to buy · das Interview, -s = interview. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Zu den neuen Krawatten passen dunkle Anzüge.
Dark suits go with the new ties.
passen zu + Dativ = to go with/match · dunkel = dark. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the plural "Krawatten" already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
die Kreide — chalk
Plural: die Kreiden (adds "-n," used for different types/pieces of chalk).
Nom Die Kreide liegt auf dem Pult.
The chalk is lying on the teacher's desk.
liegen = to lie · das Pult, -e = desk/lectern. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Kreide is the subject.
Akk Die Schülerin nimmt die Kreide aus der Schachtel.
The student takes the chalk out of the box.
nehmen = to take · die Schachtel, -n = box. Feminine nouns keep the same form in Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Der Lehrer schreibt mit Kreide an die Tafel.
The teacher writes on the blackboard with chalk.
schreiben = to write · die Tafel, -n = blackboard · an + Akkusativ (destination) = onto. "Mit Kreide" — bare noun, no article, used generically for the material being written with; still Dativ after "mit." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Nom Eine bunte Kreide liegt neben der Tafel.
A colored piece of chalk is lying next to the blackboard.
bunt = colored/colorful · neben + Dativ (location) = next to. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Der Lehrer braucht eine neue Kreide.
The teacher needs a new piece of chalk.
brauchen = to need. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Die Kinder malen mit den bunten Kreiden auf dem Gehweg.
The children draw on the sidewalk with the colorful chalks.
malen = to draw/paint · der Gehweg, -e = sidewalk. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Kreide adds "-n" to form the plural (Kreiden), which already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
der Kreis — circle
Plural: die Kreise (adds "-e"), Dativ plural die Kreisen.
Nom Der Kreis hat einen Durchmesser von zehn Zentimetern.
The circle has a diameter of ten centimeters.
der Durchmesser, - = diameter · der Zentimeter, - = centimeter. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Kreis is the subject.
Akk Andrew zeichnet den Kreis auf das Papier.
Andrew draws the circle on the paper.
zeichnen = to draw · das Papier, -e = paper. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used the indefinite article "einen" instead of "den."
Dat Die Kinder stehen in dem Kreis.
The children are standing in the circle.
stehen = to stand. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "in" (a fixed location, no motion).
Nom Ein großer Kreis entsteht auf dem Boden.
A large circle forms on the floor.
groß = large/big · entstehen = to form/arise · der Boden, ö- = floor/ground. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Der Lehrer zeichnet einen Kreis an die Tafel.
The teacher draws a circle on the blackboard.
die Tafel, -n = blackboard. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — the same idea as the dictionary's own example.
Dat Zwischen den beiden Kreisen liegt ein kleiner Abstand.
There is a small gap between the two circles.
der Abstand, ä-e = gap/distance. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Kreis adds "-en" (Kreise → Kreisen) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
kreuzen — to cross
Regular (weak) verb — ich kreuze, du kreuzt, er kreuzt. Often reflexive when talking about lines or paths crossing (sich kreuzen). Bundled in the dictionary's entry: das Kreuzworträtsel = crossword puzzle, given its own entry next.
Unsere Wege werden sich wieder kreuzen.
Our paths will cross again.
der Weg, -e = path/way · sich kreuzen = to cross (reflexive, of paths/lines) · wieder = again. Future tense ("werden" + infinitive); reflexive because two paths cross each other. The dictionary's own example, corrected from a garbled plural/case form in the source to the Nominativ plural "Wege."
Die Straße kreuzt den Fluss an dieser Stelle.
The street crosses the river at this point.
die Straße, -n = street · der Fluss, ü-e = river · die Stelle, -n = spot/point. Non-reflexive use — "kreuzen" can also take a direct object.
das Kreuzworträtsel — crossword puzzle
A compound of "das Kreuz" (cross) + "das Wort" (word) + "das Rätsel" (puzzle) — literally "cross-word-puzzle." Plural: die Kreuzworträtsel (unchanged, like "das Rätsel"). Bundled in the dictionary's entry alongside "kreuzen" (to cross), the verb it's built from.
Nom Das Kreuzworträtsel ist heute sehr schwierig.
The crossword puzzle is very difficult today.
schwierig = difficult. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Kreuzworträtsel is the subject.
Akk Sie löst das Kreuzworträtsel in zehn Minuten.
She solves the crossword puzzle in ten minutes.
lösen = to solve. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das). Kreuzworträtsel is the direct object.
Dat Er sitzt seit einer Stunde an dem Kreuzworträtsel.
He has been sitting at the crossword puzzle for an hour.
sitzen an + Dativ = to sit at (working on something) · seit + Dativ = since/for (time). "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "an."
Nom Ein neues Kreuzworträtsel erscheint jeden Sonntag in der Zeitung.
A new crossword puzzle appears every Sunday in the newspaper.
erscheinen = to appear · die Zeitung, -en = newspaper. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ.
Akk Sie kauft sich ein Kreuzworträtsel für die Zugfahrt.
She buys herself a crossword puzzle for the train ride.
die Zugfahrt, -en = train ride. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ.
Dat Manche Leute helfen einander gern bei den Kreuzworträtseln.
Some people like helping each other with crossword puzzles.
einander = each other · helfen bei + Dativ = to help with. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Kreuzworträtsel adds "-n" (Kreuzworträtseln) since the plural doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Krieg — war
Plural: die Kriege (adds "-e"), Dativ plural die Kriegen.
Nom Der Krieg dauert schon drei Jahre.
The war has already lasted three years.
dauern = to last. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Krieg is the subject.
Akk Diese Leute demonstrieren gegen den Krieg.
These people are demonstrating against war.
die Leute (Pl.) = people · demonstrieren gegen + Akkusativ = to demonstrate against. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den) after "gegen." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Dat Viele Familien leiden unter dem Krieg.
Many families suffer because of the war.
leiden unter + Dativ = to suffer under/because of · die Familie, -n = family. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein neuer Krieg beginnt in der Region.
A new war begins in the region.
beginnen = to begin · die Region, -en = region. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Niemand will einen Krieg.
Nobody wants a war.
niemand = nobody · wollen = to want. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat In den Kriegen des letzten Jahrhunderts starben Millionen Menschen.
Millions of people died in the wars of the last century.
das Jahrhundert, -e = century · sterben, er stirbt, ist gestorben = to die · die Million, -en = million. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Krieg adds "-en" (Kriege → Kriegen) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.