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Vocab: Everyday actions — A2 (2) ​

Everyday actions vocabulary at A2 level.

Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural

einsteigen — to get in, to get on; to join ​

For vehicles, in normally takes the accusative after einsteigen because it expresses movement into or onto something: in den Bus einsteigen. The perfect uses sein, and the verb is separable in main clauses.
Sie steigt an der nächsten Haltestelle in den Bus ein.
She gets on the bus at the next stop.
die nächste Haltestelle is the next stop and der Bus is the bus. in den Bus is accusative because in expresses movement into the vehicle; the finite verb steigt is in position two and ein goes to the end.
Wir sind am Bahnhof in den Zug eingestiegen.
We got on the train at the station.
der Bahnhof is the train station and der Zug is the train. in den Zug is accusative because it expresses movement into the train, and sein is used in the perfect because einsteigen describes a change of location.
Er stieg in Frankfurt in den ICE ein.
He got on the high-speed train in Frankfurt.
Frankfurt is a city name, and der ICE is a German high-speed train. in den ICE is accusative for movement into the train; stieg is the strong-verb past form and ein is separated.
Steig schnell ein!
Get in quickly!
schnell means quickly. The imperative omits du, and the prefix ein stays at the end, so the command is split into two parts.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, würde ich in dieses Projekt einsteigen.
If I had more time, I would join this project.
mehr Zeit means more time and dieses Projekt is this project. in dieses Projekt is accusative because the phrase expresses entering or joining it; after würde, the infinitive einsteigen stays whole at the end.
Der nächste Fahrgast wird vorne einsteigen.
The next passenger will get in at the front.
der nächste Fahrgast means the next passenger and vorne means at the front. wird forms the future with the infinitive einsteigen, which stays at the end; the prefix is therefore not separated.

einstellen — to set, to adjust; to employ, to hire; to stop, to discontinue ​

This sense takes the thing being adjusted as an accusative object: etwas einstellen. Do not confuse it with anstellen, which is used for switching many devices on.
Mein Vater stellt die Heizung auf zwanzig Grad ein.
My father sets the heating to twenty degrees.
mein Vater is my father, die Heizung is the heating, and zwanzig Grad means twenty degrees. die Heizung is accusative because it is the object being adjusted; auf zwanzig Grad gives the setting, while stellt is in position two and ein is at the end.
Ich habe den Wecker auf sechs Uhr eingestellt.
I set the alarm for six o'clock.
der Wecker is the alarm clock and sechs Uhr means six o'clock. den Wecker is accusative because it is the direct object; haben forms the perfect and eingestellt goes to the end.
Sie stellte die Kamera auf Automatik ein.
She set the camera to automatic mode.
die Kamera is the camera and Automatik means automatic mode. die Kamera is accusative as the object, and the weak past form stellte is in position two while ein is separated.
Stell bitte den Timer ein!
Please set the timer!
bitte means please and der Timer is the timer. den Timer is accusative because it is the object; the imperative omits du, and ein goes to the end.
Ich würde die Temperatur etwas niedriger einstellen.
I would set the temperature a little lower.
die Temperatur is the temperature and etwas niedriger means a little lower. die Temperatur is accusative as the object, and after würde the infinitive einstellen stays whole at the end.
Der Techniker wird das Gerät morgen einstellen.
The technician will adjust the device tomorrow.
der Techniker is the technician, das Gerät is the device, and morgen means tomorrow. das Gerät is accusative as the direct object; wird forms the future and the infinitive einstellen stands at the end.
Die Firma stellt im Sommer neue Mitarbeiter ein.
The company hires new employees in summer.
die Firma is the company, im Sommer means in summer, and neue Mitarbeiter are new employees. neue Mitarbeiter is accusative because the people hired are the direct object; the finite verb stellt is in position two and ein is at the end.
Das Hotel hat eine Köchin eingestellt.
The hotel hired a cook.
das Hotel is the hotel and eine Köchin is a female cook. eine Köchin is accusative as the person employed; hat forms the perfect and eingestellt goes to the end.
Die Fabrik stellt die Produktion ein.
The factory stops production.
die Fabrik is the factory and die Produktion is production. die Produktion is accusative because it is the activity being stopped; stellt is in position two and ein goes to the end.
Der Verlag hat die Zeitschrift eingestellt.
The publishing house discontinued the magazine.
der Verlag is the publishing house and die Zeitschrift is the magazine. die Zeitschrift is accusative as the direct object; the perfect uses hat, and eingestellt stands at the end.

eintragen — to enter, to write down; to register, to put one's name down ​

This verb is separable: eintragen becomes trägt ... ein in a main clause but stays together after a modal or in a subordinate clause. With the reflexive use sich eintragen, the person registers themselves.
Ich trage den Termin in meinen Kalender ein.
I enter the appointment in my calendar.
der Termin is the appointment and der Kalender is the calendar. Den Termin is accusative because eintragen takes the thing being entered as an accusative object; the finite verb is split, with trage in position two and ein at the end.
Wir haben die Adresse sofort eingetragen.
We entered the address immediately.
die Adresse means address and sofort means immediately. Die Adresse is accusative because it is the object of eintragen; haben is in position two and eingetragen goes to the end.
Sie trug ihre Daten online ein.
She entered her details online.
ihre Daten means her details or data, and online means on the internet. Ihre Daten is accusative because eintragen takes an accusative object; trug is the simple-past form and ein closes the main clause.
Trag bitte deine Telefonnummer ein.
Please enter your telephone number.
bitte means please and die Telefonnummer means telephone number. Deine Telefonnummer is accusative because it is the object; in the imperative the prefix ein remains at the end.
Wenn du dich einträgst, bekommst du eine Bestätigung.
If you register, you will receive a confirmation.
sich eintragen means to register oneself, die Bestätigung is the confirmation, and bekommen means receive. The requested hypothetical meaning is expressed by the conditional context here; in the subordinate clause the separable verb stays together at the end as einträgst, and dich is the reflexive accusative pronoun.
Morgen werde ich den neuen Kurs eintragen.
Tomorrow I will enter the new course.
morgen means tomorrow and der Kurs means course. Den neuen Kurs is accusative because it is the object; werde is in position two and the infinitive eintragen stays whole at the end, so it does not split.
Bitte trag dich in die Liste ein.
Please put your name on the list.
die Liste is the list, and sich in etwas eintragen means put one’s name on something. Dich is accusative because the verb is reflexive, while in die Liste has the accusative because it expresses movement into the list; the prefix ein stands at the end.
Sie hat sich für den Workshop eingetragen.
She registered for the workshop.
der Workshop is a workshop, and sich für etwas eintragen means register for something. The reflexive pronoun sich is accusative, and für always takes the accusative; hat comes second and eingetragen goes at the end.

entfernen — to remove, take away ​

The direct object is accusative: etwas entfernen means to remove something. For a reflexive meaning, sich entfernen means to move away or leave; the perfect uses haben in both uses.
Ich entferne den Fleck mit Wasser.
I remove the stain with water.
der Fleck is the stain, and mit Wasser means with water. Den Fleck is accusative because entfernen takes the thing being removed as a direct object; mit always takes the dative.
Wir haben den Aufkleber entfernt.
We removed the sticker.
der Aufkleber is the sticker. Entfernt is the Partizip II and pairs with haben; the auxiliary is in position two and entfernt goes to the end.
Sie entfernte das alte Schild.
She removed the old sign.
das Schild is the sign, and alt means old. Das alte Schild is accusative as the direct object; the regular past form entfernte is in position two.
Entferne bitte die Schuhe aus dem Flur.
Please remove the shoes from the hallway.
die Schuhe are the shoes, and der Flur is the hallway. Entferne is a direct du command; die Schuhe is accusative, while aus dem Flur uses dative after aus.
Ich würde den Fleck sofort entfernen.
I would remove the stain immediately.
sofort means immediately. Würde ... entfernen expresses a hypothetical or polite idea; the infinitive entfernen goes to the end after würde.
Der Hausmeister wird das kaputte Schloss entfernen.
The caretaker will remove the broken lock.
der Hausmeister is the caretaker, and kaputt means broken. Das kaputte Schloss is accusative; wird is in position two and the infinitive entfernen goes to the end.

erinnern — to remember; to remind; to remind someone of something ​

The meaning remember is normally sich an etwas erinnern, with an plus the accusative: Ich erinnere mich an den Film. Without sich, the verb usually means remind someone of something.
Ich erinnere mich an den Urlaub.
I remember the holiday.
mich means myself and der Urlaub means the holiday. Sich erinnern an takes an with the accusative, so den Urlaub is accusative; erinnere is in position two and mich follows it.
Ich habe mich an den Urlaub erinnert.
I remembered the holiday.
mich means myself and der Urlaub means the holiday. The perfect uses habe plus erinnert, with the Partizip II at the end; sich erinnern an requires the reflexive pronoun and den Urlaub in the accusative.
Ich erinnerte mich an den Urlaub.
I remembered the holiday.
mich means myself and der Urlaub means the holiday. Erinnerte is the regular Präteritum form; an takes the accusative in this fixed expression, so den Urlaub is accusative.
Erinnere dich an deinen Schlüssel.
Remember your key.
dich means yourself and deinen Schlüssel means your key. The command uses erinnere dich because the verb is reflexive; an takes the accusative here, giving deinen Schlüssel.
Ich würde mich gern an den Namen erinnern.
I would like to remember the name.
gern means gladly or would like to, and der Name means the name. Würde erinnern expresses a hypothetical wish; würde is in position two and the infinitive erinnern goes to the end, while mich is required by the reflexive construction.
Sie wird sich später an den Termin erinnern.
She will remember the appointment later.
später means later and der Termin means the appointment. Future tense places wird in position two and erinnern at the end; sich erinnern an takes den Termin in the accusative.
Ich erinnere dich an den Termin.
I am reminding you about the appointment.
dich means you and der Termin means the appointment. Dich is accusative because the person reminded is the direct object, and an den Termin is also accusative because an is fixed with this expression; the verb is in position two.
Der Wecker hat mich an den Arzttermin erinnert.
The alarm reminded me about the doctor's appointment.
der Wecker means the alarm, mich means me, and der Arzttermin means the doctor's appointment. The perfect uses hat and places erinnert at the end; mich is the accusative person being reminded, while an den Arzttermin is the fixed prepositional phrase.

erlauben — to allow, to permit ​

erlauben usually has the pattern jemandem etwas erlauben: the person receiving permission is in the dative, and the thing or action permitted is in the accusative. It can also be followed by an infinitive with zu, as in jemandem erlauben, etwas zu tun.
Meine Eltern erlauben mir, am Wochenende länger aufzubleiben.
My parents allow me to stay up later at the weekend.
meine Eltern means my parents, am Wochenende means at the weekend, and länger aufzubleiben means to stay up later. mir is dative because the person receiving permission is the indirect object of erlauben; the finite verb erlauben stands in position two.
Der Lehrer hat uns die Benutzung von Wörterbüchern erlaubt.
The teacher allowed us to use dictionaries.
der Lehrer is the teacher, uns means us, and die Benutzung von Wörterbüchern means the use of dictionaries. uns is dative for the people given permission, while die Benutzung is accusative; hat is in position two and erlaubt goes to the end with haben.
Der Arzt erlaubte ihm kurze Spaziergänge.
The doctor allowed him to take short walks.
der Arzt means the doctor, ihm means to him, and kurze Spaziergänge means short walks. ihm is dative because it names the person receiving permission, while Spaziergänge is the accusative thing allowed; the weak-verb past form erlaubte is in position two.
Erlaub mir bitte eine kurze Pause!
Please allow me a short break!
bitte means please, eine kurze Pause means a short break, and mir means to me. The imperative erlaub comes first without du, and mir is dative because it identifies the person receiving permission.
Ich würde ihm das nicht erlauben.
I would not allow him that.
würde expresses would, ihm means to him, and das means that. The person receiving permission is in the dative (ihm), and the infinitive erlauben stands at the end after würde.
Die Stadt wird den Bau eines neuen Stadions erlauben.
The city will permit the construction of a new stadium.
die Stadt means the city, der Bau means the construction, and eines neuen Stadions means of a new stadium. The accusative object is den Bau, and wird stands in position two while the infinitive erlauben goes to the end.

erledigen — to complete, to deal with ​

Erledigen means completing a task or dealing with a matter, not simply ‘finishing’ a person or place. It normally takes an accusative object and forms the perfect with haben.
Ich erledige meine Hausaufgaben jeden Nachmittag.
I do my homework every afternoon.
meine Hausaufgaben means ‘my homework’, and jeden Nachmittag means ‘every afternoon’. Meine Hausaufgaben is accusative because erledigen takes a direct object, and the finite verb erledige stands in position two.
Sie hat den Einkauf schon erledigt.
She has already done the shopping.
den Einkauf means ‘the shopping’, and schon means ‘already’. The perfect uses hat plus the Partizip II erledigt, which goes to the end; den Einkauf is accusative because it is the object.
Er erledigte den Papierkram am Morgen.
He dealt with the paperwork in the morning.
den Papierkram means ‘the paperwork’, and am Morgen means ‘in the morning’. The weak past form erledigte has -te and stands in position two, while the object is accusative.
Erledige bitte diese Aufgabe heute.
Please complete this task today.
bitte means ‘please’, diese Aufgabe means ‘this task’, and heute means ‘today’. The imperative erledige omits du; diese Aufgabe is accusative because it is the object of the request.
Ich erledigte die Arbeit sofort, wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte.
I would deal with the work immediately if I had more time.
die Arbeit means ‘the work’, sofort means ‘immediately’, and mehr Zeit means ‘more time’. This hypothetical sentence uses wenn with the subjunctive idea; die Arbeit is accusative, and erledigte is understood as ‘would deal with’ from context.
Wir werden die letzten Aufgaben morgen erledigen.
We will complete the last tasks tomorrow.
die letzten Aufgaben means ‘the last tasks’, and morgen means ‘tomorrow’. Future uses werden in position two and the infinitive erledigen at the end; the object is accusative.

erreichen — to reach, to achieve ​

erreichen takes an accusative object for both places and goals: den Bahnhof erreichen, ein Ziel erreichen. It is regular and forms the perfect with haben: erreichen - erreichte - hat erreicht.
Der Zug erreicht den Bahnhof um acht Uhr.
The train reaches the station at eight o'clock.
der Zug means the train, den Bahnhof means the station, and um acht Uhr means at eight o'clock. den Bahnhof is accusative because erreichen takes the destination as a direct object; the finite verb erreicht stands in position two.
Der Zug hat den Bahnhof erreicht.
The train has reached the station.
der Zug means the train and den Bahnhof means the station. The perfect uses hat plus erreicht, not ist; the Partizip II goes to the end and den Bahnhof is accusative.
Der Zug erreichte den Bahnhof pünktlich.
The train reached the station on time.
pünktlich means on time, while der Zug is the train and den Bahnhof is the station. den Bahnhof is accusative after erreichen, and the regular past form erreichte stands in position two.
Erreiche dein Ziel!
Reach your goal!
dein Ziel means your goal. The imperative erreiche stands first with du omitted, and dein Ziel is accusative because it is the direct object.
Wenn ich den Bahnhof rechtzeitig erreichen könnte, erreichte ich den Zug noch.
If I could reach the station on time, I would still catch the train.
rechtzeitig means on time, den Zug means the train, and noch means still. The infinitive erreichen goes to the end of the wenn clause; erreichte is the conditional form in the main clause, with den Bahnhof and den Zug as accusative objects.
Wir werden unser Ziel erreichen.
We will reach our goal.
unser Ziel means our goal. Future uses werden plus the infinitive erreichen at the end, and unser Ziel is accusative as the direct object.

ersetzen — to replace; to substitute; to compensate for; to reimburse ​

ersetzen takes an accusative object for the person or thing being replaced. When naming the replacement, use durch plus the accusative, as in etwas durch etwas ersetzen.
Die Firma ersetzt den alten Computer.
The company is replacing the old computer.
die Firma means the company, and den alten Computer means the old computer. The object is accusative because ersetzen takes an accusative object, and the finite verb ersetzt stands in position two.
Die Firma hat den alten Computer ersetzt.
The company has replaced the old computer.
die Firma means the company, and den alten Computer means the old computer. The perfect uses hat ersetzt because this is a transitive verb; the Partizip II ersetzt goes at the end.
Die Firma ersetzte den alten Computer.
The company replaced the old computer.
die Firma means the company, and den alten Computer means the old computer. den alten Computer is accusative as the object of ersetzen, while ersetzte is the finite Präteritum form in position two.
Ersetz bitte die kaputte Lampe!
Please replace the broken lamp!
bitte means please, and die kaputte Lampe means the broken lamp. The imperative omits du, and die kaputte Lampe is accusative because it is the object of ersetz.
Ich würde das alte Kabel ersetzen.
I would replace the old cable.
das alte Kabel means the old cable. würde ersetzen expresses a hypothetical action, and the cable is accusative because it is the object of ersetzen.
Wir werden den Filter bald ersetzen.
We will replace the filter soon.
wir means we, den Filter means the filter, and bald means soon. Future tense uses werden plus the infinitive ersetzen at the end, and den Filter is accusative.
Die Versicherung ersetzt den Schaden.
The insurance company compensates for the damage.
die Versicherung means the insurance company, and der Schaden means the damage or loss. den Schaden is accusative because it is the object of ersetzen; the finite verb ersetzt is in position two.
Der Arbeitgeber hat mir die Reisekosten ersetzt.
My employer reimbursed my travel expenses.
der Arbeitgeber means the employer, and die Reisekosten means the travel expenses. mir is dative for the person receiving the reimbursement, while die Reisekosten is accusative; hat ersetzt forms the perfect.

erwischen — to catch, to catch someone doing something; to catch, to manage to catch ​

Erwischen takes an accusative object. It is also used for successfully catching transport, as in den Bus erwischen, not only for catching a person.
Die Polizei erwischt den Dieb.
The police catch the thief.
die Polizei means the police and der Dieb means the thief. Den Dieb is accusative because it is the object of erwischen, and the finite verb is in position two.
Die Polizei hat den Dieb erwischt.
The police have caught the thief.
die Polizei means the police and der Dieb means the thief. Hat forms the perfect in position two, while erwischt goes to the end; the caught person is accusative.
Der Lehrer erwischte den Schüler beim Abschreiben.
The teacher caught the pupil cheating.
der Lehrer means the teacher, der Schüler means the pupil, and beim Abschreiben means while copying. Den Schüler is accusative, and the regular past form erwischte is in position two.
Erwisch den Ball!
Catch the ball!
der Ball means the ball. This is the du imperative with the subject omitted, and den Ball is accusative because it is what must be caught.
Ich würde den Dieb sofort erwischen.
I would catch the thief immediately.
der Dieb means the thief and sofort means immediately. Würde is finite in position two, erwischen goes to the end, and den Dieb is the accusative object.
Wir werden den letzten Zug noch erwischen.
We will still catch the last train.
der letzte Zug means the last train and noch means still. Werden is the future auxiliary in position two, erwischen goes to the end, and den letzten Zug is accusative.
Ich habe noch den Bus erwischt.
I still managed to catch the bus.
noch means still and der Bus means the bus. Den Bus is accusative because it is the object of erwischen; the Partizip II comes at the end with habe.
Schaffst du es, den Zug zu erwischen?
Can you manage to catch the train?
schaffst du es means can you manage it, and der Zug means the train. The infinitive with zu comes at the end of its phrase, and den Zug is accusative.

fallen — to fall; to fall, to decrease ​

Fallen is a strong verb with the principal parts fallen – fiel – ist gefallen. It normally takes sein in the perfect because it describes movement or a change of position.
Das Glas fällt auf den Boden.
The glass is falling onto the floor.
das Glas means the glass and der Boden means the floor. Das Glas is nominative, while auf den Boden is accusative because auf shows movement towards a place; the finite verb fällt is in position two.
Das Glas ist auf den Boden gefallen.
The glass fell onto the floor.
das Glas means the glass and der Boden means the floor. Auf den Boden is accusative because it expresses movement, and ist ... gefallen uses sein because fallen describes a change of position; the participle stands at the end.
Das Glas fiel auf den Boden.
The glass fell onto the floor.
das Glas means the glass and der Boden means the floor. Das Glas is nominative and auf den Boden is accusative for movement; fiel is the strong preterite form in position two.
Fall nicht vom Stuhl!
Don't fall off the chair!
nicht means not, vom means from the, and der Stuhl means the chair. Fall is the du imperative and comes first; vom Stuhl is dative because von always takes the dative.
Wenn er nicht aufpasst, könnte er fallen.
If he does not pay attention, he could fall.
wenn means if, aufpassen means pay attention, and könnte means could. Fallen is the infinitive at the end because it follows the modal könnte; in the wenn clause, the finite verb aufpasst also goes to the end.
Der Schnee wird auf die Straße fallen.
The snow will fall onto the street.
der Schnee means the snow and die Straße means the street. Auf die Straße is accusative because it expresses movement towards the street; wird is in position two and the infinitive fallen goes to the end.
Die Preise fallen.
Prices are falling.
die Preise means prices. Die Preise is a plural nominative subject, and the finite verb fallen stands in position two; this sense has no physical movement.
Die Temperatur ist stark gefallen.
The temperature has fallen sharply.
die Temperatur means the temperature and stark means sharply or considerably. Die Temperatur is nominative, and ist ... gefallen uses sein because the level has changed; gefallen stands at the end of the perfect clause.

fangen — to catch, to capture ​

Fangen takes an accusative object, for example jemanden fangen or etwas fangen. It is a strong verb: fangen – fing – hat gefangen.
Ich fange den Ball.
I catch the ball.
der Ball is the ball. den Ball is accusative because fangen takes a direct object, and the finite verb fange stands in position two.
Wir haben den Ball gefangen.
We caught the ball.
wir means we, and der Ball is the ball. The perfect uses haben plus gefangen; gefangen goes to the end, while den Ball is accusative.
Der Torwart fing den Ball.
The goalkeeper caught the ball.
der Torwart is the goalkeeper. fing is the strong past form of fangen, and den Ball is accusative because it is the object.
Fang den Ball!
Catch the ball!
der Ball means the ball. Fang is the singular du command, and the accusative object den Ball follows it.
Wenn ich den Ball finge, wäre ich sehr glücklich.
If I caught the ball, I would be very happy.
wenn means if, glücklich means happy, and wäre means would be. In the wenn clause, finge goes to the end; den Ball remains accusative because fangen takes an accusative object.
Morgen werde ich den Ball fangen.
Tomorrow I will catch the ball.
morgen means tomorrow, and werden helps form the future. In the future, werde is in position two and the infinitive fangen goes to the end; den Ball is accusative.

finden — to find; to think, consider; to think, find something ​

In the sense ‘to think or consider’, finden often appears with an adjective: Ich finde den Film gut means I think the film is good. The person or thing being judged is still accusative, and the adjective comes after the object.
Ich finde meinen Schlüssel nicht.
I can't find my key.
meinen Schlüssel means my key, and nicht means not. Meinen Schlüssel is accusative because finden takes a direct object; the finite verb finde stands in position two.
Wir haben eine gute Lösung gefunden.
We found a good solution.
eine gute Lösung means a good solution. Gefunden is the Partizip II and goes to the end of the clause; it pairs with haben, while eine gute Lösung is accusative as the object of finden.
Sie fand den Weg zum Bahnhof schnell.
She quickly found the way to the station.
den Weg means the way, zum Bahnhof means to the station, and schnell means quickly. Den Weg is accusative because it is the object of fand; the irregular past form fand is in position two.
Finde bitte meine Brille!
Please find my glasses!
bitte means please, and meine Brille means my glasses. Finde is the du imperative and stands at the beginning; meine Brille is accusative because it is the object.
Ich fände eine Pause jetzt gut.
I would think a break was good now.
eine Pause means a break, and jetzt means now. Fände is the Konjunktiv II form of finden, used for a hypothetical opinion; eine Pause is accusative, and the finite verb remains in position two.
Du wirst den Fehler bald finden.
You will find the mistake soon.
den Fehler means the mistake, and bald means soon. In the future, wirst is the finite verb in position two and the infinitive finden goes to the end; den Fehler is accusative.
Ich finde den Film spannend.
I find the film exciting.
den Film means the film, and spannend means exciting. Den Film is accusative because it is the object of finde; the finite verb stands in position two and spannend describes the object.
Wie findest du das neue Restaurant?
What do you think of the new restaurant?
wie means how, du means you, and das neue Restaurant means the new restaurant. Das neue Restaurant is accusative as the object of findest; in this question, wie fills the first position and the finite verb comes next.

fix — quickly, fast ​

As an adverb, fix means quickly or in a short time and never takes an ending. It is common in everyday speech and should not be confused with the adjective use before a noun.
Ich komme fix zurück.
I’ll be back quickly.
zurück means back, and kommen means to come. fix is an adverb and does not change; the finite verb komme is in position two, while zurück completes the meaning at the end.
Das geht fix.
That will be quick.
das means that or it, and geht means goes or works in this expression. fix describes how quickly something happens and therefore stays unchanged; the finite verb geht is in position two.

fortsetzen — to continue, to carry on; to resume ​

fortsetzen takes an accusative object: you continue etwas. It is separable in a main clause (setzt ... fort) but stays together as an infinitive or Partizip II.
Wir setzen die Arbeit morgen fort.
We will continue the work tomorrow.
Wir means we, die Arbeit means the work, and morgen means tomorrow. die Arbeit is accusative because fortsetzen takes an accusative object; setzen is in position two and fort goes to the end.
Sie hat das Gespräch später fortgesetzt.
She continued the conversation later.
das Gespräch means the conversation, and später means later. The perfect uses hat because fortsetzen takes haben, and the Partizip II fortgesetzt stands at the end.
Er setzte den Weg nach einer Pause fort.
He continued the journey after a break.
den Weg means the journey or route, and nach einer Pause means after a break. den Weg is accusative as the object of fortsetzen; the weak past form setzte is in position two and fort is at the end.
Setz die Übung fort!
Continue the exercise!
die Übung means the exercise. The du subject is omitted in the imperative, and die Übung is accusative because it is the object being continued.
Wenn ich Zeit hätte, setzte ich die Arbeit fort.
If I had time, I would continue the work.
Zeit means time, and die Arbeit means the work. hätte marks the unreal condition; in the main clause setzte is the Konjunktiv II form, with fort separated at the end.
Wir werden den Kurs nächste Woche fortsetzen.
We will continue the course next week.
den Kurs means the course, and nächste Woche means next week. The future uses werden in position two and the inseparable-looking whole infinitive fortsetzen at the end; the object is accusative.
Nach der Pause setzen wir das Spiel fort.
After the break, we resume the game.
Nach der Pause means after the break, and das Spiel means the game. das Spiel is accusative because it is the object of fortsetzen; the verb is in position two and fort closes the main clause.
Können wir morgen fortsetzen?
Can we continue tomorrow?
morgen means tomorrow, and Können wir means can we. The infinitive fortsetzen stays together after the modal verb können and stands at the end; no object is stated because the context supplies it.

funktionieren — to work, to function ​

This verb is used for machines, devices, systems and plans that work correctly. It does not normally take a direct object: say Das Gerät funktioniert, not Ich funktioniere das Gerät.
Das Gerät funktioniert wieder.
The device is working again.
das Gerät means “the device” and wieder means “again”. The finite verb funktioniert is in position two, and das Gerät is nominative because it is the subject.
Der Drucker hat gestern nicht funktioniert.
The printer did not work yesterday.
der Drucker is “the printer” and gestern means “yesterday”. The perfect uses hat plus the Partizip II funktioniert; the auxiliary is in position two and the participle goes to the end.
Die Heizung funktionierte den ganzen Winter.
The heating worked all winter.
die Heizung means “the heating” and den ganzen Winter means “the whole winter”. The regular Präteritum form funktionierte is the finite verb in position two; den ganzen Winter is accusative for a duration of time.
Funktionier bitte endlich!
Please work at last!
bitte means “please” and endlich means “at last”. The du-imperative funktionier stands at the beginning; the subject du is normally left out.
Wenn der Plan funktionieren würde, könnten wir morgen starten.
If the plan worked, we could start tomorrow.
der Plan means “the plan”, könnten means “could”, and starten means “start”. In the wenn-clause, funktionieren goes to the end; würde makes the conditional meaning clear.
Die neue Maschine wird bald funktionieren.
The new machine will work soon.
die neue Maschine means “the new machine” and bald means “soon”. wird is the finite form of werden in position two, while the infinitive funktionieren goes to the end.

fühlen — to feel, to sense; to feel, to feel oneself ​

The non-reflexive use means to sense something physically and takes an accusative object. The common reflexive pattern sich fühlen means to feel a certain way, as in sich gut fühlen.
Ich fühle den kalten Wind.
I feel the cold wind.
der kalte Wind means the cold wind. Ich is the subject in the nominative, while den kalten Wind is accusative because fühlen takes a direct object; the finite verb fühle is in position two.
Ich habe den kalten Wind gefühlt.
I felt the cold wind.
der kalte Wind means the cold wind. The perfect uses habe plus gefühlt; den kalten Wind is accusative as the object, and the Partizip II gefühlt goes to the end.
Früher fühlte ich den Wind stärker.
In the past, I felt the wind more strongly.
früher means in the past, and stärker means more strongly. The weak-verb past form fühlte is in position two; den Wind is accusative because it is what is felt.
Fühl den Stoff!
Feel the fabric!
der Stoff means the fabric or material. Fühl is a direct du command, and den Stoff is accusative because it is the object of fühlen; the subject du is normally left out.
Ich würde die raue Oberfläche sofort fühlen.
I would immediately feel the rough surface.
rau means rough, die Oberfläche means the surface, and sofort means immediately. Würde ... fühlen expresses a hypothetical situation; die raue Oberfläche is accusative as the direct object.
Morgen werde ich den Unterschied deutlich fühlen.
Tomorrow I will clearly feel the difference.
morgen means tomorrow, der Unterschied means the difference, and deutlich means clearly. Future tense uses werde plus the infinitive fühlen at the end; den Unterschied is accusative because it is the object.
Sie fühlt sich heute müde.
She feels tired today.
heute means today, and müde means tired. Sich fühlen is reflexive, so sich refers back to sie; the adjective müde follows the verb without an ending because it is predicative.
Nach dem Urlaub haben wir uns sehr gefühlt.
We felt very good after the holiday.
der Urlaub means the holiday and sehr means very; uns means ourselves or us here. The perfect is formed with haben and gefühlt, while the reflexive pronoun agrees with wir and the Partizip II stands at the end.

füllen — to fill; to fill; to occupy or meet ​

Füllen normally takes an accusative object: etwas füllen means to fill something. For filling out a document, German usually uses the separable verb ausfüllen, as in ein Formular ausfüllen.
Ich fülle die Flasche mit Wasser.
I fill the bottle with water.
die Flasche means the bottle and mit Wasser means with water. Die Flasche is accusative because füllen takes a direct object, while mit always takes the dative; the finite verb fülle is in position two.
Wir haben den Eimer gefüllt.
We filled the bucket.
der Eimer means the bucket. Den Eimer is accusative because it is the object of füllen; the perfect uses haben, with the participle gefüllt at the end of the clause.
Sie füllte das Glas bis zum Rand.
She filled the glass to the brim.
sie means she, das Glas means the glass, and bis zum Rand means to the brim. Das Glas is accusative as the direct object, and the weak past form füllte stands in position two.
Füll bitte die Flasche!
Please fill the bottle!
bitte means please and die Flasche means the bottle. Füll is the informal singular imperative, and the bottle is accusative because it is the object of the command.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, füllte ich den Tank ganz.
If I had more time, I would fill the tank completely.
wenn means if, mehr Zeit means more time, der Tank means the tank, and ganz means completely. Here füllte is also the Konjunktiv II form; the subordinate-clause verb comes at the end, while den Tank is accusative.
Morgen werde ich den Karton füllen.
Tomorrow I will fill the box.
morgen means tomorrow and der Karton means the box. Den Karton is accusative because it is the direct object; werde is in position two and the infinitive füllen goes to the end.
Diese Aufgabe füllt meinen ganzen Tag.
This task takes up my whole day.
diese Aufgabe means this task and mein ganzer Tag means my whole day. Meinen ganzen Tag is accusative because it is the object of füllen in the sense of taking up time, and the finite verb füllt is in position two.
Die neue Mitarbeiterin füllt eine wichtige Lücke im Team.
The new employee fills an important gap in the team.
die neue Mitarbeiterin means the new female employee, eine wichtige Lücke means an important gap, and im Team means in the team. Eine wichtige Lücke is accusative because füllen takes a direct object, while im Team is dative after in for location.

gebrauchen — to use ​

gebrauchen takes an accusative object and is somewhat more formal than benutzen in many everyday contexts. Its perfect uses haben: hat gebraucht.
Ich gebrauche selten ein Wörterbuch.
I rarely use a dictionary.
ich means I, selten means rarely, and das Wörterbuch is the dictionary. ein Wörterbuch is accusative because gebrauchen takes a direct object, and the finite verb gebrauche stands in position two.
Wir haben das Werkzeug oft gebraucht.
We often used the tool.
wir means we, das Werkzeug is the tool, and oft means often. The accusative object follows haben, while the Partizip II gebraucht goes to the end; gebrauchen forms the perfect with haben, not sein.
Er gebrauchte eine alte Methode.
He used an old method.
er means he, eine alte Methode means an old method. eine alte Methode is accusative because it is the object of gebrauchte, and this weak verb forms the Präteritum with -te.
Gebrauche bitte diese Karte.
Please use this card.
bitte means please and diese Karte means this card. Gebrauche is the singular imperative, and diese Karte is accusative because gebrauchen takes a direct object; the subject du is understood and omitted.
Ich würde dafür kein Geld gebrauchen.
I would not use any money for that.
dafür means for that, kein Geld means no money, and würde means would. The construction würde gebrauchen places the infinitive at the end, and kein Geld is accusative as the verb's direct object.
Sie wird morgen den neuen Drucker gebrauchen.
She will use the new printer tomorrow.
sie means she, morgen means tomorrow, and der neue Drucker is the new printer. In the future, finite wird stands in position two and the infinitive gebrauchen goes to the end; den neuen Drucker is accusative.

die Gebrauchsanweisung — instruction manual; instructions ​

This compound combines der Gebrauch, use, and die Anweisung, instruction. It normally means the written instructions for operating a product; the plural is die Gebrauchsanweisungen.
Die Gebrauchsanweisung liegt auf dem Tisch.
The instruction manual is on the table.
liegt means lies or is located, auf dem Tisch means on the table, and der Tisch is the table. die Gebrauchsanweisung is the nominative subject; auf takes the dative here because the manual is in a fixed location, not moving onto the table.
Ich lese die Gebrauchsanweisung.
I am reading the instruction manual.
ich lese means I am reading. die Gebrauchsanweisung is accusative because lesen takes a direct object, although the feminine accusative article die looks the same as the nominative article.
Mit der Gebrauchsanweisung funktioniert das Gerät besser.
The device works better with the instruction manual.
mit means with, funktioniert means works, and das Gerät is the device. mit always forces the dative, so feminine die Gebrauchsanweisung becomes der Gebrauchsanweisung; the verb funktioniert is in position two.
Die Bilder der Gebrauchsanweisung sind hilfreich.
The pictures in the instruction manual are helpful.
die Bilder means the pictures and hilfreich means helpful. der Gebrauchsanweisung is genitive and specifies which pictures are meant; the plural subject die Bilder makes sind the finite verb in position two.
Die Gebrauchsanweisungen sind in mehreren Sprachen geschrieben.
The instruction manuals are written in several languages.
mehreren Sprachen means several languages and geschrieben means written. die Gebrauchsanweisungen is the plural nominative subject, and sind geschrieben is a passive-like description with the finite verb sind in position two.

der Gegenstand — object, item; subject, topic ​

Der Gegenstand usually means a physical object or item. In formal contexts, it can also mean the subject or topic being discussed; the plural is Gegenstände.
Der Gegenstand liegt auf dem Tisch.
The object is lying on the table.
liegt means is lying, and der Tisch is the table. Der Gegenstand is nominative as the subject; auf dem Tisch is dative because auf describes a fixed location, and liegt stands in position two.
Ich nehme den Gegenstand vorsichtig.
I pick up the object carefully.
nehmen means take or pick up, and vorsichtig means carefully. Den Gegenstand is accusative because it is the direct object of nehme; the finite verb is in position two.
Sie gibt dem Gegenstand einen neuen Platz.
She gives the object a new place.
geben means give, neu means new, and der Platz is the place. Dem Gegenstand is dative because it is the recipient or affected item with geben, while einen neuen Platz is the accusative thing given.
Die Farbe des Gegenstandes ist blau.
The colour of the object is blue.
die Farbe is the colour, and blau means blue. Des Gegenstandes is genitive because it identifies whose colour is meant; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Im Museum sehen wir viele Gegenstände.
In the museum we see many objects.
das Museum is the museum, sehen means see, and viele means many. Gegenstände is plural and accusative because it is the object of sehen; the phrase im Museum is a shortened form of in dem Museum.
Das ist der Gegenstand unseres Gesprächs.
That is the subject of our conversation.
unser Gespräch means our conversation, and das ist means that is. Der Gegenstand is nominative after ist, while unseres Gesprächs is genitive because it means of our conversation.
Heute behandeln wir einen wichtigen Gegenstand.
Today we are dealing with an important topic.
heute means today, behandeln means deal with or discuss, and wichtig means important. Einen wichtigen Gegenstand is accusative because behandeln takes a direct object; the finite verb behandeln is in position two.

die Gelegenheit — opportunity, occasion ​

The phrase Gelegenheit haben, etwas zu tun means “to have the opportunity to do something”; the action is expressed with zu plus the infinitive.
Die Gelegenheit ist heute günstig.
The opportunity is good today.
heute means “today,” and günstig means “favourable” or “good.” Die Gelegenheit is nominative because it is the subject, and ist stands in position two.
Ich nutze die Gelegenheit für ein Gespräch.
I use the opportunity for a conversation.
nutze means “use,” and ein Gespräch means “a conversation.” Die Gelegenheit is accusative because nutzen takes a direct object; für also always takes the accusative.
Bei der Gelegenheit erzähle ich dir alles.
On that occasion, I will tell you everything.
bei der Gelegenheit means “on that occasion,” and erzähle means “tell.” Bei always takes the dative, so the feminine article is der; the verb erzähle is in position two.
Wegen der Gelegenheit änderte er seinen Plan.
Because of the opportunity, he changed his plan.
wegen means “because of,” änderte means “changed,” and seinen Plan means “his plan.” In careful standard German, wegen takes the genitive, so der Gelegenheit is genitive; the verb remains in position two.
Wir haben viele Gelegenheiten zum Üben.
We have many opportunities to practise.
viele means “many,” zum Üben means “for practising,” and üben means “to practise.” Gelegenheiten is plural after viele; zum is short for zu dem, and the infinitive phrase explains what the opportunities are for.

geschehen — to happen, to take place ​

geschehen normally has no direct object: an event geschieht, or es geschieht etwas. Its perfect uses sein, as in ist geschehen, and the strong forms are geschah and geschehen.
Jeden Tag geschieht etwas Neues.
Something new happens every day.
jeden Tag means every day, etwas means something, and neu means new. The finite verb geschieht is in position two; etwas Neues is the subject, with the adjective capitalised because it is used as a noun.
Was ist gestern geschehen?
What happened yesterday?
was means what and gestern means yesterday. The perfect uses ist rather than hat, and the Partizip II geschehen goes to the end; the event itself is the subject, not an accusative object.
Plötzlich geschah ein Unfall.
Suddenly, an accident happened.
plötzlich means suddenly and ein Unfall is an accident. geschah is the strong-verb preterite; it stands in position two even though the sentence begins with the adverb, while ein Unfall is the nominative subject.
Gescheh, was geschehen muss!
Let happen what must happen!
was means what and muss means must. Gescheh is a rare literary imperative of geschehen; the subordinate clause was geschehen muss puts its finite verb muss at the end.
Wenn er davon wüsste, geschähe vielleicht nichts.
If he knew about it, perhaps nothing would happen.
wenn means if, davon means about it, wüsste means knew, vielleicht means perhaps, and nichts means nothing. geschähe is the literary Konjunktiv II of geschehen; the conditional clause places wüsste at the end, while the main-clause verb is in position two.
Morgen wird etwas Wichtiges geschehen.
Something important will happen tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow and etwas Wichtiges means something important. Futur I uses wird in position two and the infinitive geschehen at the end; Wichtiges is capitalised because the adjective is used as a noun.

gewinnen — to win, to gain; to gain, to increase ​

Gewinnen is a strong verb: gewinnen – gewann – hat gewonnen. It takes an accusative object, for example ein Spiel gewinnen; the opposite is verlieren.
Meine Mannschaft gewinnt das Spiel.
My team is winning the game.
meine Mannschaft means my team, and das Spiel means the game. Das Spiel is accusative because gewinnen takes a direct object; the finite verb gewinnt stands in position two.
Wir haben das Finale gewonnen.
We won the final.
das Finale means the final match. Das Finale is accusative as the object of gewinnen; the perfect is formed with haben and gewonnen, which goes to the end.
Unsere Mannschaft gewann gestern den Pokal.
Our team won the cup yesterday.
unsere Mannschaft means our team, gestern means yesterday, and der Pokal means the cup or trophy. Den Pokal is accusative because it is the object; gewann is the strong-verb preterite and has no -te ending.
Gewinn das Rennen!
Win the race!
das Rennen means the race. Das Rennen is accusative because it is the object of the command; the informal singular imperative is gewinn, without a pronoun.
Wenn sie besser trainierte, gewänne sie den Wettbewerb.
If she trained better, she would win the competition.
besser trainieren means to train better, and der Wettbewerb means the competition. Den Wettbewerb is accusative as the object; gewänne is Konjunktiv II for an unreal or hypothetical result, and the verb goes to the end of the wenn clause.
Unsere Mannschaft wird morgen das Spiel gewinnen.
Our team will win the game tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow, and unsere Mannschaft means our team. Das Spiel is accusative because gewinnen takes a direct object; in the future, wird is in position two and the infinitive gewinnen goes to the end.
Durch die Reise hat er viel Erfahrung gewonnen.
Through the trip, he gained a lot of experience.
durch die Reise means through the trip, and viel Erfahrung means a lot of experience. Durch takes the accusative, while viel Erfahrung is the accusative object of gewinnen; the participle gewonnen stands at the end.
Das Thema gewinnt immer mehr an Bedeutung.
The topic is becoming increasingly important.
das Thema means the topic, and immer mehr means increasingly or more and more. The fixed expression an Bedeutung gewinnen means to gain importance; an takes the dative here, and the finite verb gewinnt is in position two.

die Gewohnheit — habit, custom ​

Die Gewohnheit is a repeated action that becomes familiar. The common phrase eine Gewohnheit ändern means to change a habit.
Die Gewohnheit hilft mir, jeden Morgen Sport zu machen.
The habit helps me exercise every morning.
helfen means to help, jeden Morgen means every morning, and Sport machen means to exercise. Die Gewohnheit is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb hilft is in position two.
Ich möchte die Gewohnheit ändern.
I would like to change the habit.
möchten means would like to, and ändern means to change. Die Gewohnheit is accusative because ändern takes a direct object; the infinitive ändern stands at the end after the modal-style verb möchte.
Mit der Gewohnheit fühle ich mich sicher.
I feel safe with the habit.
mit means with, and sicher means safe or secure. Der Gewohnheit is dative because mit always takes the dative, while fühle is in position two.
Die Kraft der Gewohnheit ist groß.
The power of habit is great.
die Kraft means the power, and groß means great or strong. Der Gewohnheit is genitive because it identifies whose power is meant; the finite verb ist remains in position two.
Gute Gewohnheiten machen den Alltag leichter.
Good habits make everyday life easier.
gute means good, machen means make, and der Alltag means everyday life. Gewohnheiten is plural and nominative because it is the subject; leichter means easier and describes den Alltag.
Eine Gewohnheit kann man nur langsam ändern.
You can only change a habit slowly.
langsam means slowly, and nur means only. Eine Gewohnheit is accusative because it is the object of ändern; kann is in position two and ändern goes to the end.

gewöhnen — to get used to, to become accustomed to ​

The usual form is sich an etwas gewöhnen: the person is reflexive accusative and an takes the dative in this fixed expression. Do not confuse it with sich gewöhnen an, where the preposition is not freely chosen for direction or location.
Ich gewöhne mich langsam an die neue Wohnung.
I am slowly getting used to the new flat.
langsam means slowly, and die neue Wohnung means the new flat. Mich is accusative because the reflexive form is sich an etwas gewöhnen, while an takes the dative here because this describes a fixed situation, not movement.
Wir haben uns schnell an das kalte Wetter gewöhnt.
We quickly got used to the cold weather.
schnell means quickly, and das kalte Wetter means the cold weather. Uns is the reflexive accusative pronoun, and an das kalte Wetter is dative after the fixed expression sich an etwas gewöhnen; gewöhnt goes at the end with haben.
Früher gewöhnte er sich nur schwer an die Stadt.
He used to find it difficult to get used to the city.
früher means formerly or in the past, and nur schwer means only with difficulty. Er is the subject, sich is reflexive accusative, and an die Stadt is dative in this fixed expression; the preterite verb gewöhnte is in position two.
Gewöhn dich an den Lärm!
Get used to the noise!
der Lärm means the noise. Dich is the accusative reflexive pronoun for informal du, and an den Lärm is dative after sich an etwas gewöhnen; the imperative comes first.
Ich würde mich an das Leben auf dem Land gewöhnen.
I would get used to life in the countryside.
das Leben means life, and auf dem Land means in the countryside. Mich is accusative, while an das Leben is dative in the fixed expression; würde is in position two and gewöhnen goes to the end.
Du wirst dich bald an den neuen Rhythmus gewöhnen.
You will soon get used to the new rhythm.
bald means soon, and der neue Rhythmus means the new rhythm. Dich is accusative because the verb is reflexive, while an den neuen Rhythmus is dative in the fixed expression; wirst is in position two and gewöhnen is at the end.

gewöhnlich — usual, ordinary, normal ​

Gewöhnlich means usual or ordinary and can also mean usually when used adverbially. Do not confuse it with gewohnt, which normally means familiar through repetition or accustomed.
Der Montag ist ganz gewöhnlich.
Monday is completely ordinary.
der Montag means Monday, and ganz means completely or quite. Gewöhnlich stands after ist as a predicative adjective, so it has no adjective ending.
Das ist ein gewöhnlicher Arbeitstag.
That is an ordinary working day.
ein Arbeitstag means a working day. Gewöhnlicher comes before the masculine nominative noun Arbeitstag after ein, so it takes the ending -er.
Dieser Weg ist gewöhnlicher als der andere.
This route is more usual than the other one.
dieser Weg means this route, and der andere means the other one. Gewöhnlicher is the comparative and is followed by als; after ist, it is predicative and has no adjective ending.
Von allen Arbeitstagen ist der Montag am gewöhnlichsten.
Of all working days, Monday is the most ordinary.
von allen Arbeitstagen means of all working days, and der Montag means Monday. Am gewöhnlichsten is the predicative superlative after ist; the am ...-sten form has no adjective ending because it does not stand directly before a noun.

gewöhnlich — usually, normally ​

Gewöhnlich normally means usually or normally, not necessarily every single time. It can also occur in the expression wie gewöhnlich, meaning as usual.
Ich komme gewöhnlich um acht Uhr zur Arbeit.
I usually arrive at work at eight o’clock.
komme means arrive or come, um acht Uhr means at eight o’clock, and zur Arbeit means to work. Gewöhnlich is an adverb and can stand after the subject; the finite verb komme remains in position two.
Am Wochenende frühstücken wir gewöhnlich spät.
At the weekend, we usually have breakfast late.
am Wochenende means at the weekend, frühstücken means have breakfast, and spät means late. The adverb gewöhnlich stands in the middle of the sentence, while the finite verb frühstücken is in position two.

geöffnet — open, opened ​

Geöffnet describes a state resulting from opening, while offen is the more general word for open. It is often used with sein, as in ist geöffnet, and it can also take adjective endings before a noun.
Der Laden ist geöffnet.
The shop is open.
der Laden means the shop, and ist means is. Geöffnet is predicative after sein, so it has no adjective ending; it describes the shop’s state.
Die geöffnete Tür lässt frische Luft herein.
The open door lets fresh air in.
die Tür is the door, lässt ... herein means lets ... in, and frische Luft is fresh air. Geöffnete stands before Tür and therefore has an adjective ending; the feminine nominative ending is -e after die.
Das Fenster ist weiter geöffnet als die Tür.
The window is open wider than the door.
das Fenster means the window, weiter means further or wider, and als means than. German normally uses weiter geöffnet rather than a simple comparative of geöffnet; geöffnet remains predicative after ist.
Dieses Fenster ist am weitesten geöffnet.
This window is open the widest.
dieses Fenster means this window, and am weitesten means the furthest or widest. With this participial adjective, German normally uses am weitesten geöffnet, not the unusual form am geöffnetsten; the adjective follows ist without an ending.

halten — to hold; to keep ​

Halten is a strong verb: halten – hielt – hat gehalten. In the sense of holding or keeping something, it takes an accusative object; it can also mean to stop, especially for vehicles.
Sie hält das Glas vorsichtig.
She holds the glass carefully.
das Glas is the glass, and vorsichtig means carefully. Das Glas is accusative because halten takes a direct object, while the finite verb hält stands in position two.
Er hat meine Tasche gehalten.
He held my bag.
meine Tasche means my bag. Meine Tasche is accusative because it is the object of halten; the auxiliary hat is in position two and gehalten goes to the end.
Der Mann hielt die Tür offen.
The man kept the door open.
der Mann is the man, die Tür is the door, and offen means open. Die Tür is accusative after halten, while hielt is the strong-verb past form in position two.
Halt bitte meinen Regenschirm!
Please hold my umbrella!
bitte means please, and der Regenschirm is an umbrella. Halt is the singular imperative; meinen Regenschirm is accusative because it is the object, and the subject du is omitted.
Wenn ich Zeit hätte, hielte ich die Tür auf.
If I had time, I would hold the door open.
wenn means if, Zeit is time, and aufhalten here means to hold open. Hielte is the Konjunktiv II form for an unreal situation; the finite verb goes to the end after wenn, but hielte returns to position two in the main clause.
Ich werde das Baby vorsichtig halten.
I will hold the baby carefully.
das Baby is the baby, and vorsichtig means carefully. Das Baby is accusative after halten; werde is in position two and the infinitive halten goes to the end.

herstellen — to manufacture, produce; to make; to restore, re-establish ​

Herstellen is separable: in a main clause, her moves to the end, as in stellt ... her. In the perfect, use haben and the whole form hergestellt; the verb normally takes an accusative object for the thing produced.
Die Firma stellt Fahrräder her.
The company manufactures bicycles.
die Firma means “the company”, and Fahrräder are “bicycles”. Fahrräder is accusative because herstellen takes the thing made as a direct object; in a main clause, stellt is in position two and her moves to the end.
Die Firma hat neue Fahrräder hergestellt.
The company has manufactured new bicycles.
neue Fahrräder means “new bicycles”. The perfect uses hat plus hergestellt because herstellen takes haben; the Partizip II stands at the end, and the object is accusative.
Die Fabrik stellte früher Spielzeug her.
The factory used to manufacture toys.
die Fabrik means “the factory”, früher means “formerly”, and Spielzeug means “toys”. The weak past form is stellte; because the verb is separable, her goes to the end of this main clause.
Stell bitte den Tisch her!
Please put the table here!
bitte means “please”, and der Tisch means “the table”. The singular informal imperative is stell ... her, with the prefix at the end; here the verb is used in the sense “put or place here”, and den Tisch is accusative.
Wenn die Firma mehr Geräte herstellen würde, wären sie billiger.
If the company produced more devices, they would be cheaper.
mehr Geräte means “more devices”, and billiger means “cheaper”. After würde, the infinitive herstellen goes to the end of the subordinate clause; Geräte is accusative as the thing produced.
Die Firma wird nächstes Jahr neue Maschinen herstellen.
The company will manufacture new machines next year.
nächstes Jahr means “next year”, and neue Maschinen means “new machines”. Future uses wird plus the infinitive herstellen, which goes to the end; neue Maschinen is the accusative object.
Die Techniker stellten die Verbindung schnell her.
The technicians quickly restored the connection.
die Techniker are “the technicians”, die Verbindung means “the connection”, and schnell means “quickly”. Die Verbindung is accusative because it is the thing restored; stellten is in position two and her closes the main clause.
Nach dem Streit haben sie den Kontakt wieder hergestellt.
After the argument, they re-established contact.
nach dem Streit means “after the argument”, Kontakt means “contact”, and wieder means “again”. The perfect uses haben with hergestellt, which goes at the end; nach takes the dative, while den Kontakt is accusative.

hinzufügen — to add, to append ​

Hinzufügen commonly takes the thing added as an accusative object and often names the recipient with dative: jemandem etwas hinzufügen. It is a separable verb, so the prefix hinzu- separates in a main clause but stays attached in the infinitive and Partizip II.
Ich füge dem Salat Tomaten hinzu.
I add tomatoes to the salad.
der Salat means the salad, and die Tomaten means the tomatoes. The finite verb füge is in position two and hinzu is at the end; dem Salat is dative for the thing receiving the addition, while Tomaten is the accusative object.
Wir haben der Suppe etwas Salz hinzugefügt.
We added some salt to the soup.
die Suppe means the soup, and etwas Salz means some salt. The perfect uses haben plus hinzugefügt at the end; der Suppe is dative for the thing receiving the salt.
Sie fügte dem Bericht ein Foto hinzu.
She added a photo to the report.
der Bericht means the report, and ein Foto means a photo. The weak past form fügte is in position two and hinzu is separated to the end; dem Bericht is dative, while ein Foto is accusative.
Füge bitte deinen Namen hinzu.
Please add your name.
bitte means please, and deinen Namen means your name. This is the informal singular imperative: füge starts the command and hinzu goes to the end; deinen Namen is accusative because it is the thing being added.
Ich würde dem Text noch ein Beispiel hinzufügen.
I would add another example to the text.
der Text means the text, and noch ein Beispiel means another example. In the conditional, würde carries the finite position and the complete infinitive hinzufügen goes to the end; dem Text is dative and ein Beispiel is accusative.
Morgen werde ich dem Antrag eine Kopie hinzufügen.
Tomorrow I will add a copy to the application.
morgen means tomorrow, der Antrag means the application, and eine Kopie means a copy. In the future, werde is in position two and the complete infinitive hinzufügen goes to the end; dem Antrag is dative and eine Kopie is accusative.

kaputtmachen — to break, to damage ​

Kaputtmachen is a separable verb: etwas kaputtmachen means to break or damage something. It can also be reflexive in sich kaputtmachen, meaning to wear oneself out, but the ordinary object pattern takes the accusative.
Kinder machen oft Spielzeug kaputt.
Children often break toys.
Kinder means children, oft means often, and Spielzeug means toys. Machen is in position two while kaputt goes to the end because this is a separable verb; Spielzeug is accusative because it is what the children break.
Die Kinder haben den Tisch kaputtgemacht.
The children have damaged the table.
die Kinder means the children, den Tisch means the table, and haben means have. The Partizip II kaputtgemacht goes to the end and pairs with haben; den Tisch is accusative because it is the object.
Er machte mein Fahrrad kaputt.
He broke my bicycle.
er means he, mein Fahrrad means my bicycle, and the sentence says that he broke it. In the simple past, machte is in position two and kaputt is at the end; mein Fahrrad is accusative.
Mach das Spielzeug nicht kaputt.
Don't break the toy.
das Spielzeug means the toy, and nicht means not. This is an informal singular command: Mach comes first and the prefix kaputt goes to the end; das Spielzeug is accusative.
Ich würde den alten Schrank nicht kaputtmachen.
I wouldn't damage the old cupboard.
ich würde means I would, der alte Schrank means the old cupboard, and nicht means not. With würde, the full infinitive kaputtmachen stays together at the end, and den alten Schrank is accusative.
Der Sturm wird die Bäume kaputtmachen.
The storm will damage the trees.
der Sturm means the storm, and die Bäume means the trees. In the future, wird is in position two and the infinitive kaputtmachen goes to the end; die Bäume is accusative.

klappen — to work out; to succeed; to shut or move with a clap ​

The common expression es klappt means something works out or succeeds. It is usually used without a direct object, often with mit plus a noun when saying what works out.
Der Plan klappt gut.
The plan is working out well.
der Plan is the plan, and gut means well. Der Plan is the subject, and the finite verb klappt stands in position two; this use is intransitive, so it has no direct object.
Zum Glück hat alles geklappt.
Luckily, everything worked out.
zum Glück means luckily, and alles means everything. Hat is the auxiliary in position two and geklappt goes to the end; this verb uses haben, not sein.
Der Ausflug klappte trotz des Regens.
The outing worked out despite the rain.
der Ausflug is the outing, trotz means despite, and der Regen is the rain. Des Regens is genitive after trotz; the past form klappte is in position two.
Klapp einfach!
Just make it work!
einfach means simply or just. Klapp is a direct singular command; because this use means succeed, it is an informal encouragement, not a command to close something.
Wenn wir früh losfahren, klappte es vielleicht.
If we leave early, it might work out.
früh means early, losfahren means set off, and vielleicht means perhaps. In the wenn clause, losfahren goes to the end; klappte expresses a hypothetical possibility in the main clause.
Keine Sorge, es wird klappen.
Don’t worry, it will work out.
keine Sorge means don’t worry, and Sorge is worry. Wird stands in position two and the infinitive klappen goes to the end; es is the impersonal subject.
Die Tür klappte laut zu.
The door slammed shut with a loud clap.
die Tür is the door, laut means loudly, and zu shows that it shuts. Klappte is the finite verb in position two; zu is a directional particle and is not a separable prefix of this headword.
Der Deckel hat laut geklappt.
The lid made a loud clapping sound.
der Deckel is the lid and laut means loudly. Hat is the auxiliary in position two and geklappt goes to the end; here the verb describes a sound rather than success.

der Knoten — knot; lump, nodule ​

A Knoten is usually made in rope, string or thread. The word can also mean a lump or node in some technical and medical contexts.
Der Knoten ist sehr fest.
The knot is very tight.
fest means tight or firm, and sehr means very. Der Knoten is nominative because it is the subject; after ist, fest is a predicative adjective without an ending.
Ich mache einen Knoten in die Schnur.
I tie a knot in the string.
mache means make or tie, and die Schnur is the string. Einen Knoten is accusative because machen takes a direct object; the phrase in die Schnur uses accusative because it describes putting or tying something into the string.
Sie hilft dem Kind mit dem Knoten.
She helps the child with the knot.
hilft means helps and das Kind is the child. Dem Kind is dative because helfen always takes dative, and mit dem Knoten is also dative because mit governs dative.
Die Mitte des Knotens ist besonders dick.
The middle of the knot is especially thick.
die Mitte means the middle, besonders means especially, and dick means thick. Des Knotens is genitive because it identifies the knot whose middle is meant; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Die Knoten in der Schnur sind unterschiedlich.
The knots in the string are different.
die Schnur means the string and unterschiedlich means different. Die Knoten is the plural subject, while in der Schnur uses dative because it describes a fixed location rather than movement.
Der Arzt entdeckt einen Knoten im Hals.
The doctor discovers a lump in the throat.
entdeckt means discovers, der Hals is the throat or neck, and im means in the. Einen Knoten is accusative because entdecken takes a direct object; im Hals is dative because it gives a fixed location.
Der Knoten muss untersucht werden.
The lump must be examined.
muss means must and untersucht werden means be examined. Der Knoten is nominative because it is the subject of the passive sentence; the modal verb is in position two and the passive infinitive goes to the end.

die Kontrolle — check, inspection; control, authority ​

In everyday situations, die Kontrolle is usually an inspection or check. It can also mean control or supervision, but do not confuse it with English control in every context.
Die Kontrolle am Flughafen dauert nur zehn Minuten.
The security check at the airport takes only ten minutes.
der Flughafen is the airport, and dauern means to take time. Die Kontrolle is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb dauert stands in position two.
Die Polizei macht die Kontrolle an der Grenze.
The police carry out the check at the border.
die Polizei is the police, machen means do or carry out, and die Grenze is the border. Die Kontrolle is accusative because machen takes it as its direct object; an der Grenze is dative because it describes a fixed location.
Bei der Kontrolle musste ich meinen Ausweis zeigen.
During the check, I had to show my identity card.
bei means during or at, musste means had to, and der Ausweis is the identity card. Bei always takes the dative, so der Kontrolle is dative; the infinitive zeigen goes to the end after musste.
Das Ergebnis der Kontrolle war in Ordnung.
The result of the check was fine.
das Ergebnis is the result, and in Ordnung means fine or acceptable. Der Kontrolle is genitive because it identifies whose result it is; the finite verb war is in position two.
Heute gibt es mehrere Kontrollen im Zug.
There are several checks on the train today.
mehrere means several, im Zug means on the train, and gibt es means there are. Kontrollen is plural after mehrere; in the expression es gibt, the thing that exists is grammatically accusative.
Er hat die Kontrolle über das Fahrzeug verloren.
He lost control of the vehicle.
verlieren means to lose, and das Fahrzeug is the vehicle. Die Kontrolle is accusative because verlieren takes a direct object; über das Fahrzeug uses über with the accusative for the thing controlled.
Sie behält die Kontrolle in schwierigen Situationen.
She keeps control in difficult situations.
behalten means to keep, and schwierig means difficult. Die Kontrolle is accusative as the direct object of behält; the finite verb is in position two, and in schwierigen Situationen gives the circumstances.

kriegen — to get, to receive; to manage, to succeed in doing ​

Kriegen is colloquial and is common in speech; bekommen is more neutral. It normally takes haben in the perfect and an accusative object for the thing received.
Ich kriege heute ein Paket.
I’m getting a parcel today.
heute means today, and ein Paket is a parcel. Ein Paket is accusative because kriegen takes the thing received as an accusative object; the finite verb kriege stands in position two.
Sie hat gestern eine Antwort gekriegt.
She got an answer yesterday.
gestern means yesterday, and eine Antwort is an answer. The perfect uses hat plus gekriegt, with the Partizip II gekriegt at the end; eine Antwort is accusative because it is the thing received.
Er kriegte keinen Urlaub.
He didn’t get any holiday time.
keinen Urlaub means no holiday time. The weak-verb preterite kriegte is the finite verb in position two, and keinen Urlaub is accusative as the thing he did not receive.
Krieg bitte die Rechnung aus dem Büro.
Please get the bill from the office.
bitte means please, die Rechnung is the bill, and das Büro is the office. Krieg is the informal du imperative; die Rechnung is accusative, while aus dem Büro uses the dative after aus.
Ich kriegte das schon, wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte.
I would manage that if I had more time.
das means that or it, and mehr Zeit means more time. Here kriegte is a Konjunktiv II form meaning “would manage,” and wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte is the condition; the verb hätte goes to the end of the subordinate clause.
Wir werden morgen die Schlüssel kriegen.
We will get the keys tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow, and die Schlüssel are the keys. Futur I uses werden in position two and the infinitive kriegen at the end; die Schlüssel is accusative as the thing received.
Ich kriege die Tür nicht auf.
I can’t get the door open.
die Tür is the door, and auf means open in this expression. Die Tür is accusative as the object, while kriege ... auf means “manage to open”; the finite verb kriege is in position two and auf stays at the end.
K riegst du das ohne Hilfe?
Can you manage that without help?
ohne Hilfe means without help. The du form kriegst is a present-tense question meaning “can you manage,” and das is accusative as the thing to be managed.

kümmern — to take care of, to deal with ​

The most common pattern is sich um etwas/jemanden kümmern, with um taking the accusative. Do not leave out the reflexive pronoun: Ich kümmere mich, not normally Ich kümmere in this meaning.
Ich kümmere mich um die Kinder.
I take care of the children.
mich means myself and die Kinder means the children. The expression is sich um etwas kümmern: mich is the reflexive accusative, die Kinder is accusative after um, and the finite verb kümmere is in position two.
Wir haben uns um die Gäste gekümmert.
We took care of the guests.
uns means ourselves and die Gäste means the guests. The perfect uses haben plus gekümmert at the end; uns is reflexive accusative, while die Gäste is accusative after um.
Er kümmerte sich um die Reparatur.
He dealt with the repair.
er means he and die Reparatur means the repair. Sich is the reflexive object, and die Reparatur is accusative after um; the weak-verb preterite kümmerte stands in position two.
Kümmere dich bitte um den Hund!
Please take care of the dog!
bitte means please and der Hund means the dog. The imperative omits du, but dich is required as the reflexive object; den Hund is accusative after um.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, kümmerte ich mich selbst um das Problem.
If I had more time, I would deal with the problem myself.
mehr Zeit means more time, selbst means myself, and das Problem means the problem. Here kümmerte is Konjunktiv II in a hypothetical sentence; mich is reflexive accusative and das Problem is accusative after um.
Ich werde mich morgen um die Anmeldung kümmern.
I will deal with the registration tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow and die Anmeldung means the registration or sign-up. The expression requires mich and um die Anmeldung; in the future, werde is in position two and the infinitive kümmern goes to the end.

kürzen — to shorten, cut; reduce; to reduce, cut ​

Kürzen takes an accusative object: etwas kürzen means to make something shorter. In the perfect it uses haben, not sein: hat gekürzt.
Ich kürze den Text.
I am shortening the text.
der Text means the text. Den Text is accusative because kürzen takes the thing being shortened as a direct object; the finite verb kürze is in position two.
Ich habe den Text gekürzt.
I shortened the text.
der Text means the text. Den Text is accusative, and habe is the auxiliary in position two while gekürzt, the Partizip II, goes to the end.
Sie kürzte den Bericht gestern.
She shortened the report yesterday.
sie means she, der Bericht means the report, and gestern means yesterday. Den Bericht is accusative after kürzen; the finite preterite kürzte stands in position two.
Kürz bitte den Satz.
Please shorten the sentence.
bitte means please and der Satz means the sentence. Kürz is the du imperative, with the subject omitted; den Satz is accusative because it is the object.
Ich würde den Text kürzen, wenn er zu lang wäre.
I would shorten the text if it were too long.
würde means would, wenn means if, and zu lang means too long. The infinitive kürzen follows würde at the end of the main clause, while wäre goes to the end of the subordinate clause.
Wir werden den Film kürzen.
We will shorten the film.
wir means we and der Film means the film. Den Film is accusative; werden is in position two and the infinitive kürzen goes to the end.
Die Firma kürzt die Ausgaben.
The company is cutting expenses.
die Firma means the company and die Ausgaben means expenses. Die Ausgaben is accusative, although its plural form looks the same as nominative; kürzt is in position two.
Der Staat hat das Budget gekürzt.
The government has reduced the budget.
der Staat means the government or state, and das Budget means the budget. Das Budget is accusative after kürzen; hat is in position two and gekürzt closes the perfect-tense sentence.

die Lage — situation; position; location; location; position ​

The common meaning is “situation”, but die Lage can also mean a physical position or location. Do not confuse it with die Laune, which means mood.
Die Lage ist schwierig.
The situation is difficult.
schwierig means difficult. Die Lage is nominative because it is the subject, and the verb ist links it to the predicative adjective; the finite verb stands in position two.
Ich verstehe die Lage nicht.
I do not understand the situation.
verstehe means understand and nicht means not. die Lage is accusative because verstehen takes a direct object, while the finite verb verstehe stands in position two.
In der Lage kann ich nicht helfen.
I cannot help in this situation.
in der Lage means in this situation and helfen means to help. der Lage is dative because in describes a fixed situation here, not movement; the finite verb kann stands in position two.
Die Folgen der Lage sind noch unklar.
The consequences of the situation are still unclear.
die Folgen means the consequences and unklar means unclear. der Lage is genitive because it identifies whose consequences they are; the finite verb sind stands in position two.
Viele Lagen verlangen schnelle Entscheidungen.
Many situations require quick decisions.
viele means many, verlangen means require, and schnelle Entscheidungen means quick decisions. Lagen is plural and nominative as the subject; the adjective schnelle and noun Entscheidungen form an accusative object after verlangen.
Die Wohnung hat eine gute Lage.
The flat has a good location.
die Wohnung means the flat and eine gute means a good; hat means has. Lage is accusative because it is the object of haben, and the adjective has the feminine accusative ending -e after eine.
Die Lage des Hotels ist sehr zentral.
The hotel’s location is very central.
des Hotels means of the hotel and zentral means central. Die Lage is nominative as the subject, while des Hotels is genitive to show possession; zentral is predicative after ist and therefore has no ending.

lassen — to let, to allow; to leave; to have something done ​

lassen often takes an accusative person or thing and a second infinitive without zu. It can also mean leaving something in a place or condition, and its perfect with another infinitive uses two infinitives: hat ... machen lassen.
Ich lasse die Kinder draußen spielen.
I let the children play outside.
die Kinder means the children, draußen means outside, and spielen means to play. die Kinder is accusative because lassen takes the person being allowed as an object; the finite verb lasse is in position two, and the second verb spielen stays in the infinitive at the end.
Ich habe die Kinder draußen spielen lassen.
I let the children play outside.
die Kinder means the children, draußen means outside, and spielen means to play. With a modal-like verb plus another infinitive, the perfect uses haben and two infinitives at the end: spielen lassen, not gespielt gelassen.
Früher ließ er die Tür offen.
He used to leave the door open.
früher means formerly or in the past, er means he, die Tür is the door, and offen means open. die Tür is accusative because lassen takes it as its object; ließ is the irregular past form and stands in position two.
Lass mich bitte ausreden!
Please let me finish speaking!
mich means me, bitte means please, and ausreden means to finish speaking without being interrupted. mich is accusative because lassen takes the person being allowed as an object; the imperative lass starts the command.
Ich würde ihn nicht allein fahren lassen.
I would not let him drive alone.
ihn means him, nicht means not, allein means alone, and fahren means to drive or travel. ihn is accusative because lassen takes the person as its object; würde marks the unreal or hypothetical meaning, while fahren lassen remains at the end.
Wir werden die Maschine morgen laufen lassen.
We will let the machine run tomorrow.
wir means we, die Maschine is the machine, morgen means tomorrow, and laufen means to run. die Maschine is accusative because lassen takes it as an object; werden is in position two and the two infinitives laufen lassen form the sentence bracket at the end.

los — loose, not firmly attached; wrong, happening ​

As an adjective, los describes something that is loose or detached. Before a noun it takes an ending, for example lose Schraube, but after sein it stays bare: Die Schraube ist los.
Die Schraube ist los.
The screw is loose.
die Schraube means the screw. los comes after ist as a predicative adjective; it has no ending because it does not stand directly before the noun.
Die lose Schraube wackelt.
The loose screw is wobbling.
die Schraube means the screw and wackelt means is wobbling. lose stands before the feminine noun Schraube and takes -e after the definite article die.
Diese Schraube ist loser als die andere.
This screw is looser than the other one.
diese Schraube means this screw and die andere means the other one. loser is the comparative and als introduces the thing it is compared with; after ist, the adjective is predicative and has no ending.
Diese alte Schraube sitzt am losesten.
This old screw is the loosest.
diese alte Schraube means this old screw and sitzt means is sitting or remains in place. am losesten is the predicative superlative with am; it does not take an adjective ending here.
Was ist los?
What is wrong?
was means what. In Was ist los?, los asks about a problem or situation and comes after the verb ist; this fixed expression does not mean that something is physically loose.
Mit dem Computer ist etwas los.
There is something wrong with the computer.
mit dem Computer means with the computer, and etwas means something. mit always takes the dative, so dem Computer is dative; los is predicative after ist.

läuten — to ring; to ring a bell ​

Läuten is used for bells and doorbells. For a doorbell, speakers also commonly say an der Tür läuten; the verb forms the perfect with haben.
Um acht Uhr läutet die Schulglocke.
The school bell rings at eight o'clock.
um acht Uhr means at eight o'clock and die Schulglocke means the school bell. Die Schulglocke is the nominative subject, and the finite verb läutet is in position two after the time phrase.
Jemand hat an der Tür geläutet.
Someone rang the doorbell.
jemand means someone and an der Tür means at the door. Geläutet is the Partizip II and pairs with hat, because läuten takes haben; the participle goes to the end of the perfect clause.
Die Glocke läutete den ganzen Morgen.
The bell rang all morning.
die Glocke means the bell and den ganzen Morgen means all morning. Läutete is the regular simple past form in position two; den ganzen Morgen is an accusative time expression.
Läute bitte an der Tür.
Please ring the doorbell.
bitte means please and an der Tür means at the door. Läute is the singular imperative with no pronoun; in this expression, an indicates the doorbell, and der Tür is dative because it refers to a location.
Wenn es still wäre, läutete die Glocke lauter.
If it were quiet, the bell would ring louder.
wenn means if, still means quiet, and lauter means louder. Läutete is both the simple past form and the usual Konjunktiv II form for this weak verb; the wenn clause sends wäre to the end, while läutete is in position two in the main clause.
Morgen wird die Glocke wieder läuten.
Tomorrow the bell will ring again.
morgen means tomorrow and wieder means again. Wird is the finite form of werden in position two, while the infinitive läuten goes to the end to form the future.

lösen — to solve; to loosen, release ​

For problems and tasks, lösen means to solve. With a physical object, it can mean to loosen or release something, as in einen Knoten lösen.
Wir lösen das Problem gemeinsam.
We are solving the problem together.
das Problem means the problem, and gemeinsam means together. Das Problem is accusative because it is the direct object of lösen, and lösen is in position two.
Sie hat die Aufgabe schnell gelöst.
She solved the task quickly.
die Aufgabe is the task, and schnell means quickly. The perfect uses hat with gelöst; hat is in position two and gelöst goes to the end.
Er löste die schwierige Frage ohne Hilfe.
He solved the difficult question without help.
die schwierige Frage means the difficult question, and ohne Hilfe means without help. Die schwierige Frage is accusative after löste; the preposition ohne also requires the accusative.
Löse bitte diese Aufgabe!
Please solve this task!
diese Aufgabe means this task, and bitte means please. Löse is the imperative for du, with the subject omitted; diese Aufgabe is accusative.
Ich würde das Rätsel lösen, wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte.
I would solve the puzzle if I had more time.
das Rätsel is the puzzle, and mehr Zeit means more time. Würde ... lösen describes a hypothetical action, while lösen stands at the end of the wenn clause.
Du wirst die Aufgabe bald lösen.
You will solve the task soon.
bald means soon, and die Aufgabe is the task. Wirst is in position two and the infinitive lösen goes to the end; the object is accusative.

markieren — to mark, to highlight ​

Markieren is a regular weak verb and takes haben in the perfect. It normally takes a direct accusative object, such as ein Wort or eine Antwort.
Sie markiert ein wichtiges Wort im Text.
She marks an important word in the text.
ein wichtiges Wort means an important word, and im Text means in the text. Wort is accusative because markieren takes an accusative object, while im Text is dative after in for a location; the finite verb markiert stands in position two.
Wir haben die richtige Antwort markiert.
We marked the correct answer.
wir means we, die richtige Antwort means the correct answer, and richtig means correct. The perfect uses haben plus markiert, which goes to the end of the clause; Antwort is accusative because it is the object.
Er markierte die Seite mit einem roten Stift.
He marked the page with a red pen.
die Seite means the page, mit means with, and einem roten Stift means a red pen. Seite is accusative after markierte, while mit always takes the dative; the regular preterite form markierte is in position two.
Markiere bitte den Satz.
Please mark the sentence.
bitte means please, and den Satz means the sentence. Markiere is the singular du imperative, and Satz is accusative because it is the object; the subject du is normally left out.
Ich würde die wichtigen Stellen markieren.
I would mark the important passages.
wichtige Stellen means important passages, and würde means would. The Konjunktiv II uses würde in position two and the infinitive markieren at the end, while Stellen is accusative.
Morgen wird die Lehrerin die Fehler markieren.
Tomorrow the teacher will mark the mistakes.
morgen means tomorrow, die Lehrerin means the female teacher, and die Fehler means the mistakes. Wird is the finite future auxiliary in position two, and markieren goes to the end; Fehler is accusative as the object.

meinen — to think, to believe; to mean, to intend ​

This sense expresses a personal opinion and is often followed by dass or a direct statement. Meinen is not the same as glauben in every context: meinen often presents what someone says or thinks as their view.
Ich meine, dass dieser Plan gut ist.
I think that this plan is good.
dieser Plan means “this plan” and gut means “good”. The finite verb meine is in position two, while ist moves to the end of the clause after dass; meinen introduces an opinion and the following clause has no accusative object.
Wir haben das wirklich so gemeint.
We really meant it that way.
wirklich means “really” and so means “that way”. The perfect uses haben plus gemeint, with the participle at the end; learners should not use sein with meinen.
Er meinte, ich sei zu spät.
He thought I was too late.
zu spät means “too late” and sei is the formal written form of “am” in reported speech. Meinte is the finite verb in position two, and the reported clause follows it; meinen does not require a preposition before the opinion.
Mein nicht, dass alles verloren ist.
Don’t think that everything is lost.
alles means “everything” and verloren means “lost”. Mein is the singular imperative, and the verb in the dass clause, ist, stands at the end; the negative nicht comes before the clause it negates.
Ich meinte, er hätte recht, wenn ich dort wäre.
I would mean that he was right if I were there.
recht haben means “to be right” and dort means “there”. The Präteritum and Konjunktiv II forms of meinen look the same here; hätte and wäre mark the unreal conditional, and the verbs stand at the ends of their subordinate clauses.
Du wirst das später anders meinen.
You will think differently about that later.
später means “later” and anders means “differently”. Future tense uses wirst in position two and the infinitive meinen at the end; das is the accusative object of meinen.
Das ist nicht böse gemeint.
That is not meant badly.
böse means “badly” or “meanly” here, and das means “that”. Gemeint is a participle used like an adjective after ist; the expression means that the speaker had no bad intention.
Was meinst du damit?
What do you mean by that?
was means “what” and damit means “by that” or “with that”. Meinst is in position two, du is the subject, and was is the accusative object; the fixed adverb damit asks about the intended meaning.

melden — to report; to inform; to register; to check in; to put one's hand up ​

For reporting something, melden commonly follows the pattern jemandem etwas melden: the information is accusative and the person informed is dative. The reported event can be an accident, a problem, or another official matter.
Er meldet den Unfall sofort.
He reports the accident immediately.
der Unfall means the accident, and sofort means immediately. Den Unfall is accusative because melden takes the reported event as a direct object; the finite verb meldet stands in position two.
Sie hat den Schaden gemeldet.
She reported the damage.
der Schaden means the damage, and hat means has. Den Schaden is accusative because it is the thing reported; the auxiliary hat is in position two and gemeldet goes to the end.
Die Polizei meldete den Diebstahl gestern.
The police reported the theft yesterday.
die Polizei means the police, der Diebstahl means the theft, and gestern means yesterday. Den Diebstahl is accusative because melden takes a direct object; the weak past form meldete stands in position two.
Melde den Fehler bitte sofort!
Please report the error immediately!
der Fehler means the error, bitte means please, and sofort means immediately. Melde is the informal singular imperative, and den Fehler is accusative because it is the direct object; the subject du is omitted.
Wenn sie den Verlust melden würde, könnte die Versicherung helfen.
If she reported the loss, the insurance company could help.
wenn means if, der Verlust means the loss, Versicherung means insurance company, and helfen means help. In the wenn clause, melden goes to the end; den Verlust is accusative, and könnte expresses a possible result.
Morgen wird er den Vorfall melden.
Tomorrow he will report the incident.
morgen means tomorrow, and der Vorfall means the incident. Den Vorfall is accusative because melden takes a direct object; wird stands in position two and the infinitive melden goes to the end.
Bitte melden Sie sich an der Rezeption.
Please check in at reception.
bitte means please, sich anmelden means check in, and Rezeption means reception desk. Sich is reflexive because the person registers themselves; an der Rezeption is dative because an describes a fixed location here, and the polite imperative uses Sie.
Lena meldet sich im Unterricht oft.
Lena often puts her hand up in class.
im Unterricht means in class, and oft means often. Sich melden is reflexive in this meaning because Lena indicates that she herself wants to speak; the finite verb meldet stands in position two, while sich follows the subject.

mitbringen — to bring along, to bring with one ​

Mitbringen is separable: in a main clause, mit moves to the end, but the infinitive and Partizip II stay together. It takes haben in the perfect and normally an accusative object for the thing or person brought along.
Ich bringe morgen einen Kuchen mit.
I’m bringing a cake tomorrow.
Morgen means tomorrow and einen Kuchen means a cake. Einen Kuchen is accusative because mitbringen takes an accusative object; as a separable verb, bringe is in position two and mit goes to the end.
Wir haben Getränke zur Party mitgebracht.
We brought drinks to the party.
Getränke means drinks and die Party means the party. The perfect uses haben plus mitgebracht, and the Partizip II stands at the end; Getränke is accusative, while zur Party means zu der Party and is dative.
Er brachte seine Schwester zum Konzert mit.
He brought his sister to the concert.
Seine Schwester means his sister, das Konzert means the concert, and zum means zu dem. In the preterite, brachte is in position two and mit is separated to the end; seine Schwester is accusative because it is the person brought along.
Bring bitte deinen Ausweis mit.
Please bring your identity card along.
Bitte means please and deinen Ausweis means your identity card. This is the du imperative, so the subject is omitted; the separable prefix mit stays at the end, and deinen Ausweis is accusative.
Ich würde gern einen Freund mitbringen.
I would like to bring a friend along.
Ich würde gern means I would like to, and einen Freund means a friend. With würde, mitbringen remains a complete infinitive at the end rather than splitting; einen Freund is accusative because it is the object.
Sie wird morgen ihren Laptop mitbringen.
She will bring her laptop tomorrow.
Morgen means tomorrow and ihren Laptop means her laptop. Wird is the finite form of werden in position two, while the complete infinitive mitbringen goes to the end; ihren Laptop is accusative.

nachschauen — to check, to look up ​

Nachschauen is separable: in a main clause, schaut stays in the second position and nach moves to the end. It can take an accusative thing to check, or appear with bei plus a person when you check on someone.
Ich schaue die Adresse im Internet nach.
I am looking up the address on the internet.
Adresse means address and im Internet means on the internet. Die Adresse is accusative because it is the information being checked; the finite part schaue is in position two and the prefix nach goes to the end.
Ich habe die Adresse im Internet nachgeschaut.
I looked up the address on the internet.
Adresse means address and im Internet means on the internet. The perfect uses haben plus nachgeschaut; the Partizip II stays whole and goes to the end, while die Adresse is accusative.
Sie schaute gestern die Öffnungszeiten nach.
Yesterday she checked the opening hours.
gestern means yesterday and Öffnungszeiten means opening hours. The weak past form is schaute and the prefix nach is separated to the end; die Öffnungszeiten is accusative because it is what she checked.
Schau bitte die Nummer nach!
Please check the number!
bitte means please and Nummer means number. In the informal singular imperative, schau comes first and the separable prefix nach goes to the end; die Nummer is the accusative object.
Ich würde die Information noch einmal nachschauen.
I would check the information again.
würde gives the meaning would, Information means information, and noch einmal means again. In this conditional construction, nachschauen stays whole as an infinitive at the end; it is not separated after würde.
Ich werde die Adresse später nachschauen.
I will look up the address later.
werde means will, Adresse means address, and später means later. Future tense uses werden plus the whole infinitive nachschauen at the end; die Adresse is accusative because it is being looked up.

nachsehen — to check, to look up; to forgive, to overlook ​

This sense is commonly used for checking information in a source. nachsehen is separable: in a main clause sehe ... nach, but after a modal or in the perfect the parts form a bracket with nachsehen or nachgesehen at the end.
Ich sehe die Adresse im Internet nach.
I am checking the address online.
die Adresse means the address and im Internet means online. die Adresse is accusative because nachsehen takes the thing being checked as an accusative object; the finite verb sehe is in position two and nach goes to the end.
Ich habe die Adresse im Internet nachgesehen.
I checked the address online.
die Adresse means the address and im Internet means online. The perfect uses habe plus nachgesehen, with the Partizip II at the end; the checked item is an accusative object.
Sie sah die Abfahrtszeit im Fahrplan nach.
She checked the departure time in the timetable.
die Abfahrtszeit means the departure time, and der Fahrplan is the timetable. die Abfahrtszeit is accusative because it is what she checked; the past-tense verb sah is in position two and nach is separated to the end.
Sieh bitte die Nummer noch einmal nach.
Please check the number again.
bitte means please, die Nummer means the number, and noch einmal means again. The informal singular imperative omits du; sieh starts the sentence and the separable nach goes at the end, while die Nummer is accusative.
Ich würde die Information vor dem Termin nachsehen.
I would check the information before the appointment.
die Information means the information and der Termin is the appointment. die Information is accusative, and würde sends the whole infinitive nachsehen to the end; in this form the separable prefix is joined.
Wir werden die Preise später nachsehen.
We will check the prices later.
die Preise means the prices and später means later. die Preise is accusative because it is the object of checking; werden is in position two and the complete infinitive nachsehen stands at the end.
Ich kann ihm diesen Fehler nachsehen.
I can forgive him this mistake.
ihm means to him, and diesen Fehler means this mistake. The person is dative because this use of nachsehen takes jemandem; the mistake is accusative, and after the modal kann the infinitive nachsehen goes to the end.
Sie sieht ihrer Schwester die Verspätung nach.
She overlooks her sister's lateness.
ihrer Schwester means her sister, and die Verspätung means the lateness. ihrer Schwester is dative for the person being forgiven, while die Verspätung is accusative; the finite verb sieht is in position two and nach goes to the end.