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German Student Dictionary — Part 22
Dictionary entries, alphabetical: falsch – fertig.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
falsch — incorrect / false / wrong
Also covers "wrong" for an action or statement. The dictionary's third example shows the common either/or question pattern: "Ist die Antwort richtig oder falsch?" = "Is the answer right or wrong?" (with "richtig" = correct).
Deine Addition hier ist falsch.
Your addition here is wrong.
die Addition, -en = addition (math) · hier = here. Predicate adjective — no ending after "ist." The dictionary's own example.
Ich habe drei falsche Antworten in dieser Prüfung.
I have three incorrect answers on this test.
die Antwort, -en = answer · die Prüfung, -en = test/exam. Attributive adjective — "-e" ending after a number with no article (strong plural ending). The dictionary's own example (fixing the OCR-garbled "Priifung" → "Prüfung").
die Familie — family
Plural: die Familien. The dictionary's own example: "Die ganze Familie ist an den Feiertagen zusammen" = "The whole family is together for the holidays" — reused below as the Nominativ example.
Nom Die ganze Familie ist an den Feiertagen zusammen.
The whole family is together for the holidays.
die Familie (feminin) = family · ganz = whole · der Feiertag, -e = holiday. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Familie is the subject. The dictionary's own example.
Akk Er besucht die Familie am Wochenende.
He visits the family on the weekend.
besuchen = to visit · das Wochenende = weekend. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Er hilft der Familie beim Umzug.
He helps the family with the move.
helfen = to help (+ Dativ) · der Umzug, ü-e = move/relocation · beim = bei + dem (contraction). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine Familie zieht in unser Haus.
A family is moving into our house.
ziehen in = to move into (+ Akkusativ) · das Haus, ä-er = house. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Wir kennen eine nette Familie in der Stadt.
We know a nice family in the city.
kennen = to know (a person/thing) · nett = nice · die Stadt, ä-e = city. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Der Lehrer spricht mit den Familien der Schüler.
The teacher speaks with the families of the students.
sprechen mit = to speak with (+ Dativ) · der Schüler = student. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Familien is already the plural, ending in -n, so no further change is needed.
fangen, er fängt — to catch
Strong verb with a stem change in du/er-form: ich fange, du fängst, er/sie fängt, wir fangen, ihr fangt, sie fangen (a → ä).
Ich werde den Ball werfen und Michael wird ihn fangen.
I am going to throw the ball and Michael is going to catch it.
werfen = to throw · der Ball, ä-e = ball. Infinitive "fangen" at the end (future tense: werden + infinitive). The dictionary's own example (fixing the OCR-garbled "/" → "I").
Fängst du den Ball?
Do you catch the ball?
der Ball, ä-e = ball. "Fängst" — du-form stem change (a → ä).
die Farbe — color
Plural: die Farben. Bundles the fixed question pattern Welche Farbe hat—? / Was für eine Farbe hat—? = "What color is—?" from the source paragraph — a common way to ask about color, not a separate word. The dictionary's own example asks about a specific case of this: "Welche Farben hat der Regenbogen?" = "What are the colors of the rainbow?" (plural Akkusativ, fronted for the question).
Nom Die Farbe gefällt mir sehr.
I like the color a lot.
die Farbe (feminin) = color · gefallen = to please/be liked by (+ Dativ for the person). "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Farbe is the subject.
Akk Ich mag die Farbe nicht.
I don't like the color.
mögen = to like. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Er ist mit der Farbe zufrieden.
He is satisfied with the color.
zufrieden sein mit = to be satisfied with (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine helle Farbe wirkt freundlich.
A bright color looks friendly.
hell = bright/light · wirken = to seem/come across as · freundlich = friendly. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Sie wählt eine neue Farbe für ihr Zimmer.
She chooses a new color for her room.
wählen = to choose · das Zimmer = room. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ.
Dat Der Künstler malt mit den Farben des Regenbogens.
The artist paints with the rainbow's colors.
der Künstler = artist · der Regenbogen = rainbow — recalling the dictionary's own example about the rainbow's colors. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Farben is already the plural, ending in -n, so no further change is needed.
der Farbstift — crayon
Plural: die Farbstifte. Built from "die Farbe" (color) + "der Stift" (pen/stick) — literally "color-stick," i.e. a crayon or colored pencil.
Nom Der Farbstift ist rot.
The crayon is red.
der Farbstift (maskulin) = crayon · rot = red. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Farbstift is the subject.
Akk Ich nehme den Farbstift.
I take the crayon.
nehmen = to take. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Sie malt mit dem Farbstift.
She draws with the crayon.
malen = to draw/paint · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Farbstift liegt auf dem Boden.
A crayon lies on the floor.
liegen = to lie/be located · der Boden, ö = floor/ground. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Das Kind sucht einen Farbstift.
The child is looking for a crayon.
suchen = to look for. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Das Kind zeichnet mit ihren Farbstiften.
The child is drawing with her crayons.
zeichnen = to draw. Plural Dativ: "ihren" (her) takes the same "-en" ending "den" would; Farbstift adds "-n" (Farbstifte → Farbstiften) since the plural doesn't already end in -n or -s. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
fast — almost
Bundles fast niemals = "hardly ever" from the source paragraph — a fixed collocation with "niemals" (never), not a separate word.
Der Zug kam fast eine Stunde zu spät an.
The train arrived almost an hour late.
der Zug, ü-e = train · zu spät ankommen = to arrive late (separable). "Fast" modifies the amount of time, not the verb. The dictionary's own example (fixing the OCR-garbled "spat" → "spät").
Ich bin fast fertig.
I am almost finished.
fertig = finished/done — see its own entry further down this page.
faul — lazy
Also covers "rotten" for food that has spoiled, though the everyday sense is "lazy," as in the dictionary's own example.
Diese Katze ist so faul!
This cat is so lazy!
die Katze = cat · so = so. Predicate adjective — no ending after "ist." The dictionary's own example.
Mein fauler Bruder räumt nie sein Zimmer auf.
My lazy brother never cleans up his room.
der Bruder, ü = brother · aufräumen = to clean up (separable) · nie = never. Attributive adjective — "-er" ending, maskulin Nominativ after the possessive "mein" (mixed declension).
der Februar — February
Month names are maskulin and normally used with "im" (in + dem) rather than a bare noun: "im Februar" (in February). No natural plural, so the plural drill is skipped here — though the indefinite article works fine to describe what kind of February it was.
Nom Der Februar ist der kürzeste Monat.
February is the shortest month.
der Februar (maskulin) = February · kurz, kürzer, kürzest- = short · der Monat, -e = month. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ; Februar is the subject. The dictionary's own example (fixing the OCR-garbled "kiirzeste" → "kürzeste").
Akk Ich mag den Februar nicht so gern.
I don't like February so much.
mögen = to like. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Die Schule beginnt wieder im Februar.
School starts again in February.
beginnen = to begin · wieder = again. "Im" is the contraction of "in dem" — maskulin Dativ (der → dem), the standard pattern for months.
Nom Ein kalter Februar ist normal.
A cold February is normal.
kalt = cold · normal = normal. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, describing what kind of February it was.
Akk Wir hatten einen schneereichen Februar.
We had a snowy February.
schneereich = snowy (literally "snow-rich"). "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
die Feder — feather
Plural: die Federn. Also historically means "quill" (a pen made from a feather). The dictionary's own example describes a parrot's colorful feathers, Akkusativ plural: "Der Papagei hat bunte Federn" — reworked below into the Dativ plural drill.
Nom Die Feder ist leicht.
The feather is light.
die Feder (feminin) = feather · leicht = light(weight). "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Feder is the subject.
Akk Der Wind trägt die Feder davon.
The wind carries the feather away.
tragen = to carry · davontragen = to carry off/away (separable). Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Sie schreibt mit der Feder.
She writes with the quill.
schreiben = to write · mit = with (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine bunte Feder liegt im Gras.
A colorful feather lies in the grass.
bunt = colorful · das Gras, ä-er = grass. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Das Kind findet eine Feder.
The child finds a feather.
finden = to find. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ.
Dat Der Papagei schmückt sich mit seinen bunten Federn.
The parrot decorates itself with its colorful feathers.
der Papagei, -en = parrot · sich schmücken mit = to decorate oneself with (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: "seinen" (its) takes the same "-en" ending "den" would; Federn is already the plural, ending in -n, so no further change is needed. Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used the Akkusativ ("Der Papagei hat bunte Federn").
der Federhalter — pen
Plural: die Federhalter (unchanged — nouns ending in -er stay the same in the plural, like "der Lehrer"). Built from "die Feder" (quill/feather) + "halten" (to hold) — the older word for a fountain pen; "der Kugelschreiber" or "der Kuli" is the everyday ballpoint pen.
Nom Der Federhalter schreibt gut.
The pen writes well.
der Federhalter (maskulin) = pen · gut = well. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Federhalter is the subject.
Akk Darf ich den Federhalter benutzen, um die Adresse aufzuschreiben?
May I use the pen to write down the address?
dürfen = may/to be allowed to · benutzen = to use · aufschreiben = to write down (separable). "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used the possessive "deinen" instead of the article.
Dat Sie unterschreibt mit dem Federhalter.
She signs with the pen.
unterschreiben = to sign. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Federhalter liegt auf dem Tisch.
A pen lies on the table.
liegen = to lie/be located · der Tisch, -e = table. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Ich kaufe einen neuen Federhalter.
I am buying a new pen.
kaufen = to buy · neu = new. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Die Schüler schreiben mit ihren Federhaltern.
The students write with their pens.
der Schüler = student. Plural Dativ: "ihren" (their) takes the same "-en" ending "den" would; Federhalter adds "-n" (Federhalter → Federhaltern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
die Fee — fairy
Plural: die Feen. From the same root as English "fairy," ultimately from Latin "fata" (fate).
Nom Die Fee fliegt durch den Wald.
The fairy flies through the forest.
die Fee (feminin) = fairy · fliegen = to fly · der Wald, ä-er = forest. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Fee is the subject.
Akk Das Kind sieht die Fee.
The child sees the fairy.
sehen = to see. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Der Prinz dankt der Fee.
The prince thanks the fairy.
der Prinz, -en = prince · danken = to thank (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom In dieser Geschichte kommt eine gute Fee vor.
A good fairy appears in this story.
die Geschichte, -n = story · vorkommen = to appear/occur (separable). "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite; Fee is the subject even though it follows the verb here (inverted word order after "In dieser Geschichte"). The dictionary's own example.
Akk Wir erfinden eine neue Fee für die Geschichte.
We invent a new fairy for the story.
erfinden = to invent. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ.
Dat Im Märchen sprechen die Kinder mit den Feen.
In the fairy tale, the children speak with the fairies.
das Märchen = fairy tale · sprechen mit = to speak with (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Feen already ends in "-n," so no further "-n" is added.
fegen — to sweep
Regular verb — ich fege, du fegst, er/sie fegt, wir fegen. No stem change.
Meine Schwester fegt den Boden.
My sister is sweeping the floor.
die Schwester = sister · der Boden, ö = floor. Present tense, regular er/sie-form. The dictionary's own example.
Feg bitte die Küche!
Please sweep the kitchen!
die Küche, -n = kitchen. Imperative form (du-command).
der Fehler — error / mistake
Plural: die Fehler (unchanged — nouns ending in -er stay the same in the plural). The dictionary's own examples both use the bare plural: "In meiner Hausaufgabe sind keine Fehler" (There aren't any errors in my homework) and "Er macht Fehler, wenn er nicht vorsichtig ist" (He makes mistakes when he's not careful) — the singular, definite-article forms below are written fresh to complete the drill.
Nom Der Fehler ist klein.
The mistake is small.
der Fehler (maskulin) = error/mistake · klein = small. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Fehler is the subject.
Akk Ich finde den Fehler.
I find the mistake.
finden = to find. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Wir lernen aus dem Fehler.
We learn from the mistake.
lernen aus = to learn from (+ Dativ). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Fehler passiert jedem.
A mistake happens to everyone.
passieren = to happen (+ Dativ for "to whom") · jeder, jedem = everyone. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Sie macht einen Fehler.
She makes a mistake.
machen = to make. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen). Compare the dictionary's own plural example, "Er macht Fehler..."
Dat Der Lehrer hilft den Schülern bei ihren Fehlern.
The teacher helps the students with their mistakes.
der Lehrer = teacher · helfen bei = to help with (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: "ihren" (their) takes the same "-en" ending "den" would; Fehler adds "-n" (Fehler → Fehlern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
die Feier — celebration
Plural: die Feiern. Bundled with the verb feiern (to celebrate) in the source paragraph — a distinct word with its own entry just below.
Nom Die Feier beginnt um acht Uhr.
The celebration starts at eight o'clock.
die Feier (feminin) = celebration · beginnen = to begin. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Feier is the subject.
Akk Wir planen die Feier für Samstag.
We are planning the celebration for Saturday.
planen = to plan · der Samstag = Saturday. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Viele Freunde kommen zu der Feier.
Many friends are coming to the celebration.
der Freund, -e = friend · kommen zu = to come to (+ Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine große Feier findet im Garten statt.
A big celebration is taking place in the garden.
stattfinden = to take place (separable) · der Garten, ä = garden. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Wir hatten eine Feier, als meine Schwester wieder nach Hause kam.
We had a celebration when my sister came back home.
haben, hatte = to have (past tense) · als = when (past, single event) · nach Hause kommen = to come home. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ. The dictionary's own example.
Dat Bei den Feiern der Familie gibt es immer viel Musik.
At the family's celebrations, there is always lots of music.
bei = at (+ Dativ) · es gibt = there is/are. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Feiern already ends in "-n," so no further "-n" is added.
feiern — to celebrate
Regular verb — ich feiere, du feierst, er/sie feiert, wir feiern. Related noun: "die Feier" (celebration), just above.
Wir feiern seinen Geburtstag.
We are celebrating his birthday.
der Geburtstag, -e = birthday. Present tense, regular wir-form.
Feierst du deinen Erfolg?
Are you celebrating your success?
der Erfolg, -e = success. Present tense, regular du-form.
der Feiertag — holiday
Plural: die Feiertage. Built from "feiern" (to celebrate) + "der Tag" (day).
Nom Der Feiertag fällt auf einen Montag.
The holiday falls on a Monday.
der Feiertag (maskulin) = holiday · fallen auf = to fall on (+ Akkusativ, a date) · der Montag = Monday. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Feiertag is the subject.
Akk Wir feiern den Feiertag zu Hause.
We celebrate the holiday at home.
zu Hause = at home. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Die Geschäfte bleiben am Feiertag geschlossen.
The stores stay closed on the holiday.
das Geschäft, -e = store/shop · geschlossen bleiben = to stay closed. "Am" is the contraction of "an dem" — maskulin Dativ (der → dem), the standard pattern for naming days.
Nom Ein Feiertag steht bevor.
A holiday is coming up.
bevorstehen = to be coming up/imminent (separable). "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Die Stadt plant einen Feiertag im Mai.
The city is planning a holiday in May.
planen = to plan · der Mai = May. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat An den Feiertagen haben wir schulfrei.
We have no school on the holidays.
schulfrei haben = to have no school. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Feiertag adds "-n" (Feiertage → Feiertagen) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s. Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used the bare plural "Feiertagen" without any article.
das Feld — field
Plural: die Felder. Refers to an agricultural field or a field in the sense of "area/domain" — "der Platz" is the word for a sports field or public square instead.
Nom Das Feld ist grün.
The field is green.
das Feld (neutral) = field · grün = green. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Feld is the subject.
Akk Der Bauer pflügt das Feld.
The farmer plows the field.
der Bauer, -n = farmer · pflügen = to plow. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Die Schafe sind auf dem Feld.
The sheep are in the field.
das Schaf, -e = sheep. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "auf" (fixed location). The dictionary's own example.
Nom Ein Feld liegt hinter dem Haus.
A field lies behind the house.
liegen = to lie/be located · hinter = behind (+ Dativ, fixed location). "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Der Bauer kauft ein neues Feld.
The farmer buys a new field.
kaufen = to buy. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ.
Dat Die Kühe grasen auf den Feldern.
The cows graze in the fields.
die Kuh, ü-e = cow · grasen = to graze. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Feld adds "-n" (Felder → Feldern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Feldahorn — maple
Plural: die Feldahorne. Built from "das Feld" (field) + "der Ahorn" (maple) — the field maple, a small maple species common in hedgerows.
Nom Der Feldahorn wächst am Waldrand.
The field maple grows at the edge of the forest.
der Feldahorn (maskulin) = field maple · wachsen = to grow · der Waldrand, ä-er = forest edge. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Feldahorn is the subject.
Akk Wir pflanzen den Feldahorn im Garten.
We are planting the field maple in the garden.
pflanzen = to plant · der Garten, ä = garden. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Ist dieses Blatt von dem Feldahorn oder von einer Eiche?
Is this leaf from the field maple or from an oak?
das Blatt, ä-er = leaf · die Eiche, -n = oak. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "von." Adapted from the dictionary's own example (originally "von einem Feldahorn") by swapping the indefinite article for the definite one.
Nom Ein Feldahorn steht vor der Schule.
A field maple stands in front of the school.
stehen = to stand/be located · die Schule, -n = school. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Der Gärtner pflanzt einen Feldahorn.
The gardener plants a field maple.
der Gärtner = gardener. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Die Kinder sammeln Blätter unter den Feldahornen.
The children collect leaves under the field maples.
sammeln = to collect · unter = under (+ Dativ, fixed location). Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Feldahorn adds "-n" (Feldahorne → Feldahornen) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
das Fell — fur
Plural: die Felle. Refers to an animal's coat, hide, or pelt — for human hair, use "das Haar" instead.
Nom Das Fell des Kaninchens ist sehr weich.
The rabbit's fur is very soft.
das Fell (neutral) = fur · das Kaninchen = rabbit · weich = soft. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Fell is the subject. The dictionary's own example.
Akk Der Tierarzt untersucht das Fell der Katze.
The vet examines the cat's fur.
der Tierarzt, ä-e = vet · untersuchen = to examine. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Flöhe schaden dem Fell des Hundes.
Fleas damage the dog's fur.
der Floh, ö-e = flea · schaden = to damage/harm (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein dickes Fell schützt den Bären im Winter.
A thick fur protects the bear in winter.
dick = thick · schützen = to protect · der Bär, -en = bear (weak noun). "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Der Jäger findet ein Fell im Wald.
The hunter finds a fur/pelt in the forest.
der Jäger = hunter · finden = to find. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ.
Dat Die Jäger handeln mit den Fellen der Bären.
The hunters trade the bears' furs.
handeln mit = to trade in (+ Dativ) · der Bär, -en = bear. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Fell adds "-n" (Felle → Fellen) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Fels — rock
Weak/mixed noun — takes "-en" in every case except Nominativ singular (den/dem/des Felsen), the same pattern as "der Drache." Plural: die Felsen (same form as the oblique singular). Modern German increasingly uses "der Felsen" itself as the base word (a regular masculine noun, unchanged in the plural) — "Fels" is the more classic/literary form used in the dictionary's own example, which already shows the weak ending: "Lasst uns auf diesen großen Felsen klettern" = "Let's climb this big rock" — "Felsen," not "Fels," even after the demonstrative "diesen."
Nom Der Fels ragt aus dem Meer.
The rock juts out of the sea.
der Fels, -en (maskulin, schwach) = rock · ragen aus = to jut out of (+ Dativ). "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. As a weak noun, Fels keeps this bare form only in Nominativ singular.
Akk Lasst uns auf den großen Felsen klettern.
Let's climb the big rock.
lassen (Lasst uns... = Let's...) · klettern auf = to climb (+ Akkusativ, goal of motion). "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ; as a weak noun, Fels adds "-en" here too (den Felsen, not den Fels). Adapted from the dictionary's own example (originally "diesen") by swapping the demonstrative for the definite article, and fixing the OCR-garbled "LaBt"/"groBen" → "Lasst"/"großen".
Dat Die Vögel nisten auf dem Felsen.
The birds nest on the rock.
der Vogel, ö = bird · nisten = to nest. "Dem Felsen" — maskulin Dativ; the weak "-n" ending applies here too.
Nom Ein Fels versperrt den Weg.
A rock blocks the path.
versperren = to block · der Weg, -e = path. "Ein" — no ending, maskulin Nominativ indefinite; weak nouns still keep the bare form here, same as with "der."
Akk Die Wanderer umgehen einen Felsen.
The hikers go around a rock.
der Wanderer = hiker · umgehen = to go around. "Einen Felsen" — maskulin Akkusativ indefinite; the weak "-n" ending applies here too.
Dat Die Wellen brechen an den Felsen.
The waves break on the rocks.
die Welle, -n = wave · brechen an = to break on (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Fels's plural is already "Felsen" (it ends in -n from the weak declension), so no further "-n" is added.
das Fenster — window
Plural: die Fenster (unchanged — nouns ending in -er stay the same in the plural). This paragraph bundles three genuinely distinct compound nouns, each split into its own entry below: die Fensterauslage (window display), die Fensterscheibe (window pane), and das Schaufenster (store window).
Nom Das Fenster ist offen.
The window is open.
das Fenster (neutral) = window · offen = open. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Fenster is the subject.
Akk Er öffnet das Fenster.
He opens the window.
öffnen = to open. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Schau aus dem Fenster und sieh, ob er da ist.
Look out the window and see if he's here.
schauen aus = to look out of (+ Dativ) · sehen, ob... = to see whether... "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "aus." The dictionary's own example (fixing the OCR-garbled "1st" → "ist").
Nom Ein Fenster steht offen.
A window is standing open.
stehen = to stand/be (in a state). "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Wir putzen ein Fenster.
We clean a window.
putzen = to clean. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ.
Dat An den Fenstern hängen neue Vorhänge.
New curtains hang at the windows.
der Vorhang, ä-e = curtain · hängen = to hang. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Fenster adds "-n" (Fenster → Fenstern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
die Fensterauslage — window display
Plural: die Fensterauslagen. Built from "das Fenster" (window) + "die Auslage" (display) — split out from the "Fenster" entry above as its own, clearly distinct noun. Largely overlaps with "das Schaufenster" (below), though "Schaufenster" is the far more common everyday word.
Nom Die Fensterauslage zeigt neue Mode.
The window display shows new fashion.
die Fensterauslage (feminin) = window display · zeigen = to show · die Mode, -n = fashion. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Fensterauslage is the subject.
Akk Das Geschäft ändert die Fensterauslage jede Woche.
The shop changes the window display every week.
das Geschäft, -e = shop · ändern = to change · die Woche, -n = week. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Die Kinder stehen vor der Fensterauslage.
The children stand in front of the window display.
vor = in front of (+ Dativ, fixed location). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine bunte Fensterauslage lockt Kunden an.
A colorful window display attracts customers.
anlocken = to attract (separable) · der Kunde, -n = customer (weak noun). "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Der Laden plant eine neue Fensterauslage für Weihnachten.
The shop is planning a new window display for Christmas.
der Laden, ä = shop · planen = to plan · Weihnachten = Christmas. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ.
Dat Die Touristen fotografieren gern vor den Fensterauslagen.
The tourists like to photograph the window displays.
fotografieren = to photograph · gern = gladly/like to. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Fensterauslagen already ends in "-n," so no further "-n" is added.
die Fensterscheibe — window pane
Plural: die Fensterscheiben. Built from "das Fenster" (window) + "die Scheibe" (pane/disc/slice) — split out from the "Fenster" entry above as its own, clearly distinct noun.
Nom Die Fensterscheibe ist kaputt.
The window pane is broken.
die Fensterscheibe (feminin) = window pane · kaputt = broken. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Fensterscheibe is the subject.
Akk Der Sturm zerbricht die Fensterscheibe.
The storm breaks the window pane.
der Sturm, ü-e = storm · zerbrechen = to break/shatter. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Regentropfen laufen an der Fensterscheibe herunter.
Raindrops run down the window pane.
der Regentropfen = raindrop · herunterlaufen = to run down (separable). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "an."
Nom Eine neue Fensterscheibe kostet nicht viel.
A new window pane doesn't cost much.
kosten = to cost. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Der Handwerker setzt eine Fensterscheibe ein.
The repairman installs a window pane.
der Handwerker = repairman/craftsman · einsetzen = to install (separable). "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ.
Dat Frost bildet schöne Muster auf den Fensterscheiben.
Frost forms beautiful patterns on the window panes.
der Frost = frost · bilden = to form · das Muster = pattern. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Fensterscheiben already ends in "-n," so no further "-n" is added.
das Schaufenster — store window
Plural: die Schaufenster (unchanged, like "das Fenster"). Built from "schauen" (to look) + "das Fenster" (window) — split out from the "Fenster" entry above as its own, clearly distinct and very common noun. "Schaufensterbummel" (window-shopping, literally "shop-window stroll") is a classic German pastime.
Nom Das Schaufenster sieht schön aus.
The store window looks nice.
das Schaufenster (neutral) = store/shop window · aussehen = to look/appear (separable). "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Schaufenster is the subject.
Akk Der Laden dekoriert das Schaufenster.
The shop decorates the store window.
der Laden, ä = shop · dekorieren = to decorate. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Die Puppen stehen im Schaufenster.
The dolls stand in the store window.
die Puppe, -n = doll · stehen = to stand. "Im" is the contraction of "in dem" — neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein großes Schaufenster zieht Blicke an.
A big store window attracts glances.
anziehen = to attract (separable) · der Blick, -e = glance/look. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Die Boutique plant ein neues Schaufenster.
The boutique is planning a new store window.
die Boutique, -n = boutique · planen = to plan. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ.
Dat Wir bummeln gern an den Schaufenstern vorbei.
We like to stroll past the store windows.
bummeln = to stroll · vorbei an = past (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Schaufenster adds "-n" (Schaufenster → Schaufenstern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
die Ferien — vacation
A Pluraletantum — always plural, with no singular form, much like the English "holidays." Bundles two fixed phrases from the source paragraph: Ferien machen = "to take a vacation" and in Ferien = "on vacation," both normally used without an article, as is typical for this word in idioms.
Nom Die Ferien beginnen im Juli.
The vacation begins in July.
die Ferien (Pl.) = vacation · beginnen = to begin. "Die" is the plural definite article — Ferien has no singular form.
Akk Wir verbringen die Ferien am Meer.
We spend the vacation at the sea.
verbringen = to spend (time) · das Meer, -e = sea. Plural nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Wir machen jeden Sommer Ferien" — we take a vacation every summer), reworded with the definite article to fit the drill.
Dat Nach den Ferien beginnt die Schule wieder.
After the vacation, school starts again.
nach = after (+ Dativ). Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Ferien already ends in "-n," so no further "-n" is added.
das Fernsehen — television
Mass noun for the broadcasting medium (not the physical device) — normally used only with the definite article, or with none at all in set phrases, and has no natural plural or indefinite form in this sense, so this entry skips the indefinite-article and plural drills. Bundles three genuinely distinct compound nouns, each split into its own entry below: das Fernsehgerät (television set), der Fernsehkanal (T.V. channel), and die Fernsehnachrichten (T.V. news). For the everyday word for the physical device, see "der Fernseher."
Nom Das Fernsehen läuft den ganzen Tag.
The television runs all day.
das Fernsehen (neutral) = television (the medium) · laufen = to run/play · den ganzen Tag = all day. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Fernsehen is the subject.
Akk Siehst du viel Fernsehen am Abend?
Do you watch much television at night?
sehen = to see/watch · am Abend = in the evening/at night. Mass nouns like Fernsehen commonly appear without an article in the Akkusativ — "viel Fernsehen," not "das Fernsehen." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Dat Die Familie sitzt vor dem Fernsehen.
The family sits in front of the television.
die Familie = family · sitzen vor = to sit in front of (+ Dativ). "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
das Fernsehgerät — television set
Plural: die Fernsehgeräte. A formal/technical compound of "das Fernsehen" (television) + "das Gerät" (device/appliance) — "der Fernseher" is the everyday word for the same thing.
Nom Das Fernsehgerät ist neu.
The television set is new.
das Fernsehgerät (neutral) = television set · neu = new. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Fernsehgerät is the subject.
Akk Der Techniker repariert das Fernsehgerät.
The technician repairs the television set.
der Techniker = technician · reparieren = to repair. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Das Kabel gehört zum Fernsehgerät.
The cable belongs to the television set.
das Kabel = cable · gehören zu = to belong to (+ Dativ). "Zum" is the contraction of "zu dem" — neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein modernes Fernsehgerät hängt an der Wand.
A modern television set hangs on the wall.
modern = modern · hängen = to hang · die Wand, ä-e = wall. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Meine Eltern kaufen ein neues Fernsehgerät.
My parents are buying a new television set.
die Eltern (Pl.) = parents · kaufen = to buy. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ.
Dat Bei den neuen Fernsehgeräten gibt es einen Rabatt.
There is a discount on the new television sets.
bei = with/on (+ Dativ) · der Rabatt, -e = discount. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Fernsehgerät adds "-n" (Fernsehgeräte → Fernsehgeräten) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Fernsehkanal — T.V. channel
Plural: die Fernsehkanäle (umlaut + -e, like "der Kanal" → "die Kanäle"). A compound of "das Fernsehen" (television) + "der Kanal" (channel).
Nom Der Fernsehkanal zeigt Nachrichten.
The TV channel is showing the news.
der Fernsehkanal (maskulin) = TV channel · zeigen = to show · die Nachrichten (Pl.) = news. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Fernsehkanal is the subject.
Akk Ich wechsle den Fernsehkanal.
I change the TV channel.
wechseln = to change/switch. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Auf dem Fernsehkanal läuft ein Fußballspiel.
A football match is showing on the TV channel.
laufen = to run/play (of a broadcast) · das Fußballspiel, -e = football match. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "auf."
Nom Ein neuer Fernsehkanal startet im Herbst.
A new TV channel launches in the fall.
starten = to launch/start · der Herbst = fall/autumn. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Wir suchen einen guten Fernsehkanal für Kinder.
We are looking for a good TV channel for children.
suchen = to look for. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Mit den vielen Fernsehkanälen ist die Auswahl groß.
With the many TV channels, the choice is big.
die Auswahl = choice/selection. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Fernsehkanal's plural already takes an umlaut (Fernsehkanäle), and then adds "-n" (Fernsehkanäle → Fernsehkanälen) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
die Fernsehnachrichten — T.V. news
Always plural, like "die Nachrichten" (the news) itself — built from "das Fernsehen" (television) + "die Nachrichten" (news, Pl.).
Nom Die Fernsehnachrichten beginnen um acht.
The TV news starts at eight.
die Fernsehnachrichten (Pl.) = TV news · beginnen = to begin. "Die" is the plural definite article — Fernsehnachrichten has no singular form.
Akk Wir schauen die Fernsehnachrichten jeden Abend.
We watch the TV news every evening.
schauen = to watch · jeden Abend = every evening. Plural nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Nach den Fernsehnachrichten gehen wir schlafen.
After the TV news, we go to sleep.
nach = after (+ Dativ) · schlafen gehen = to go to sleep. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Fernsehnachrichten already ends in "-n," so no further "-n" is added.
fertig — finished
Tagged as an adverb in the dictionary, though "fertig" functions here as a predicate describing a state ("finished/done") rather than modifying a verb — either way, it never takes case or gender endings.
Er ist jetzt fertig mit seiner Arbeit.
He is finished with his work now.
fertig sein mit = to be finished with (+ Dativ) · die Arbeit, -en = work. The dictionary's own example (fixing the OCR-garbled "1st" → "ist").
Bist du schon fertig?
Are you already finished?
schon = already. Common everyday question.