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German Student Dictionary — Part 43
Dictionary entries, alphabetical: Kleid – Kochherd.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
das Kleid — dress
Plural: die Kleider — though as its own dictionary headword, "Kleider" has drifted to mean "clothes" in general (see the next entry). Bundled in the dictionary's entry: gut gekleidet = well dressed, the past participle of "kleiden" (to dress) used as an adjective.
Nom Das Kleid hängt im Schrank.
The dress is hanging in the closet.
der Schrank, ä-e = closet/wardrobe · hängen = to hang. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Kleid is the subject.
Akk Sie kauft das rote Kleid.
She buys the red dress.
kaufen = to buy · rot = red. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das). Kleid is the direct object.
Dat An dem Kleid fehlt ein Knopf.
A button is missing from the dress.
fehlen = to be missing · der Knopf, ö-e = button. "An" + Dativ (static, nothing is moving) = on. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein Kleid liegt auf dem Bett.
A dress is lying on the bed.
liegen = to lie · das Bett, -en = bed. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Das Mädchen trägt ein schönes Kleid.
The girl is wearing a pretty dress.
das Mädchen, - = girl · tragen, sie trägt = to wear · schön = pretty/beautiful. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases. The dictionary's own example, corrected from OCR-dropped umlauts in "Mädchen" and "trägt."
Dat Zu den karierten Kleidern trägt sie schwarze Schuhe.
She wears black shoes with the checkered dresses.
kariert = checkered/plaid · der Schuh, -e = shoe. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Kleid adds "-ern" (Kleider → Kleidern) since the plural doesn't already end in -n or -s.
die Kleider — clothes
Grammatically the plural of "das Kleid" (dresses), but as its own headword this plural form is used generically for "clothes" — similar to how English "clothes" isn't just the plural of one "cloth." Bundled in the same paragraph: Kleidung, die = clothing, the related singular/uncountable noun, given its own entry next.
Nom Die Kleider hängen zum Trocknen draußen.
The clothes are hanging outside to dry.
hängen = to hang · trocknen = to dry · draußen = outside. "Die" — Nominativ plural, the article used for every gender in the plural. Kleider is the subject.
Akk Ich kaufte neue Kleider und Schuhe für meine Reise.
I bought new clothes and shoes for my trip.
kaufen, kaufte = to buy (simple past) · der Schuh, -e = shoe · die Reise, -n = trip. No article here — a bare plural, the normal way to talk about clothes in general (like English "new clothes," not "the new clothes"). Still Akkusativ: Kleider is the direct object of "kaufte." The dictionary's own example, corrected from an OCR-dropped umlaut in "für" and a misread "/" for "I."
Dat Zu den neuen Kleidern passen braune Stiefel.
Brown boots go with the new clothes.
passen zu + Dativ = to go with/match · braun = brown · der Stiefel, - = boot. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Kleid adds "-ern" (Kleider → Kleidern), the same pattern shown in the "Kleid" entry above.
die Kleidung — clothing
Generally used without a plural, like "das Jugendalter" or "die Kindheit" — an uncountable/collective noun for clothing as a category, distinct from "die Kleider" (individual pieces of clothing) in the previous entry.
Nom Die Kleidung hier ist sehr teuer.
The clothing here is very expensive.
teuer = expensive. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Kleidung is the subject.
Akk Wir waschen die Kleidung bei dreißig Grad.
We wash the clothing at thirty degrees.
waschen, sie wäscht = to wash · der Grad, -e = degree. Feminine nouns keep the same form in Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here. Kleidung is the direct object.
Dat Nach der Kleidung erkennt man oft den Beruf.
You can often tell someone's profession by their clothing.
erkennen = to recognize/tell · der Beruf, -e = profession. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "nach."
Nom Eine einheitliche Kleidung ist in dieser Schule Pflicht.
Uniform clothing is mandatory at this school.
einheitlich = uniform/consistent · die Pflicht, -en = requirement/obligation. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, used here for a particular type/style of clothing, since a mass noun can still take "eine" when characterized by an adjective. No ending change from the "die" pattern.
Akk Sie braucht eine wärmere Kleidung für die Reise in die Berge.
She needs warmer clothing for the trip into the mountains.
brauchen = to need · wärmer = warmer · die Reise, -n = trip · der Berg, -e = mountain. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ (eine → eine).
klein — little; small; short
Comparative/superlative: klein → kleiner → am kleinsten (fully regular). The dictionary bundles three examples for this entry; two are drilled below, and a third — "Diese Schuhe sind zu klein!" ("These shoes are too small!") — shows the same predicate use with no ending.
Dieses kleine Buch passt in meine Tasche.
This little book fits in my pocket.
das Buch, ü-er = book · passen = to fit · die Tasche, -n = pocket/bag. "-e" ending after "dieses" (weak adjective ending, neutral). The dictionary's own example — the OCR misread the ß in "passt" as a capital B; using current orthography this word takes "ss" after its short vowel.
Das kleine Mädchen ist zu klein, um das oberste Regal zu erreichen.
The little girl is too short to reach the top shelf.
das Mädchen, - = girl · oberst- = top/uppermost · das Regal, -e = shelf · erreichen = to reach. "Zu ... um ... zu" = too ... to (a purpose/result construction). The dictionary's own example, corrected from an OCR-dropped umlaut in "Mädchen."
die Klimaanlage — air-conditioner
Plural: die Klimaanlagen. A compound of "das Klima" (climate) + "die Anlage" (system/unit).
Nom Die Klimaanlage läuft den ganzen Tag.
The air-conditioner runs all day long.
laufen, sie läuft = to run · der Tag, -e = day. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Klimaanlage is the subject.
Akk Der Techniker repariert die Klimaanlage.
The technician repairs the air-conditioner.
der Techniker, - = technician · reparieren = to repair. "Die" — feminin Akkusativ, unchanged from Nominativ. Klimaanlage is the direct object.
Dat Neben der Klimaanlage steht ein Ventilator.
There's a fan standing next to the air-conditioner.
neben + Dativ (static location) = next to · der Ventilator, -en = fan. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "neben."
Nom Eine Klimaanlage kühlt den Raum schnell ab.
An air-conditioner cools the room down quickly.
abkühlen = to cool down · der Raum, ä-e = room · schnell = quickly. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no ending change from the "die" pattern.
Akk Dieses Kino hat eine Klimaanlage.
This movie theater has an air-conditioner.
das Kino, -s = movie theater · haben = to have. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ (eine → eine). The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Dat Bei den alten Klimaanlagen ist der Stromverbrauch hoch.
Energy consumption is high with the old air-conditioners.
der Stromverbrauch = energy/power consumption · hoch = high. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the plural "Klimaanlagen" already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
klimatisiert — air-conditioned
The past participle of "klimatisieren" (to air-condition), used as an adjective — takes normal adjective endings before a noun, like any participle-adjective. Bundled in the same paragraph as "Klimaanlage" and "Klimatisierung."
Das Büro ist voll klimatisiert.
The office is fully air-conditioned.
das Büro, -s = office · voll = fully. Predicate adjective after "ist" — no ending.
Wir sitzen gern in dem klimatisierten Café.
We like sitting in the air-conditioned café.
sitzen = to sit · das Café, -s = café. "-en" ending after "dem" — Dativ, weak adjective ending.
die Klimatisierung — air-conditioning
Generally used without a plural — the abstract process/system, as opposed to "die Klimaanlage" (the physical unit) two entries above.
Nom Die Klimatisierung funktioniert nicht richtig.
The air-conditioning isn't working properly.
funktionieren = to function/work · richtig = properly. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Klimatisierung is the subject.
Akk Der Hausmeister prüft die Klimatisierung jeden Monat.
The caretaker checks the air-conditioning every month.
der Hausmeister, - = caretaker/janitor · prüfen = to check · der Monat, -e = month. Feminine nouns keep the same form in Nominativ and Akkusativ. Klimatisierung is the direct object.
Dat Bei der Klimatisierung im neuen Gebäude gibt es keine Probleme.
There are no problems with the air-conditioning in the new building.
das Gebäude, - = building · das Problem, -e = problem. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "bei."
Nom Eine moderne Klimatisierung ist in neuen Gebäuden Standard.
Modern air-conditioning is standard in new buildings.
modern = modern · der Standard, -s = standard. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no ending change from the "die" pattern.
Akk Das Hotel plant eine bessere Klimatisierung für alle Zimmer.
The hotel is planning better air-conditioning for all rooms.
planen = to plan · besser = better · das Zimmer, - = room. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ (eine → eine).
die Klingel — bell
Plural: die Klingeln. Bundled in the dictionary's entry: Türklingel, die = doorbell, the compound built from this word, given its own entry next.
Nom Die Klingel hat eben geläutet.
The bell has just rung.
eben = just (now) · läuten = to ring. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Klingel is the subject. The dictionary's own example, corrected from an OCR-dropped umlaut in "geläutet."
Akk Der Elektriker repariert die Klingel.
The electrician repairs the bell.
der Elektriker, - = electrician · reparieren = to repair. "Die" — feminin Akkusativ, unchanged from Nominativ. Klingel is the direct object.
Dat Neben der Klingel steht der Name der Familie.
Next to the bell is the family's name.
neben + Dativ (static location) = next to · der Name, -n (weak noun) = name · die Familie, -n = family. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "neben."
Nom Eine laute Klingel weckt das ganze Haus.
A loud bell wakes the whole house.
laut = loud · wecken = to wake · das Haus, ä-er = house. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no ending change from the "die" pattern.
Akk Wir installieren eine neue Klingel an der Tür.
We're installing a new bell on the door.
installieren = to install · die Tür, -en = door. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ (eine → eine).
Dat Zu den alten Klingeln im Haus gibt es keine Ersatzteile mehr.
There are no more replacement parts for the old bells in the house.
das Ersatzteil, -e = replacement/spare part. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the plural "Klingeln" already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
die Türklingel — doorbell
A compound of "die Tür" (door) + "die Klingel" (bell) — declines exactly like "Klingel": plural die Türklingeln, Dativ plural die Türklingeln (already ends in -n). Bundled with "Klingel, die" in the dictionary's entry.
Nom Die Türklingel ist kaputt.
The doorbell is broken.
kaputt = broken. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Türklingel is the subject.
Akk Der Postbote drückt die Türklingel zweimal.
The mail carrier presses the doorbell twice.
der Postbote, -n (weak noun) = mail carrier · drücken = to press · zweimal = twice. "Die" — feminin Akkusativ, unchanged from Nominativ. Türklingel is the direct object.
Dat Neben der Türklingel hängt ein kleines Schild.
A small sign hangs next to the doorbell.
hängen = to hang · das Schild, -er = sign. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "neben."
Nom Eine moderne Türklingel hat oft eine Kamera.
A modern doorbell often has a camera.
modern = modern · die Kamera, -s = camera. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no ending change from the "die" pattern.
Akk Wir brauchen eine laute Türklingel für das große Haus.
We need a loud doorbell for the big house.
brauchen = to need · laut = loud · groß = big. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ (eine → eine).
Dat Bei den neuen Türklingeln kann man das Video auf dem Handy sehen.
With the new doorbells, you can see the video on your phone.
das Handy, -s = cellphone · sehen = to see. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the plural "Türklingeln" already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added.
klopfen, er klopft — to knock
Regular (weak) verb, no stem change: ich klopfe, du klopfst, er klopft, wir klopfen. Bundled in the dictionary's entry: das Anklopfen = the knocking, the nominalized infinitive of the related verb "anklopfen" (to knock at) — not drilled separately, since it's just this same verb used as a noun.
Alan klopfte an die Tür, aber niemand kam.
Alan knocked on the door, but no one came.
die Tür, -en = door · niemand = no one/nobody. Simple past (Präteritum) "klopfte." "An die Tür" uses Akkusativ because "an" marks the target being knocked on. The dictionary's own example, corrected from an OCR-dropped umlaut in "Tür."
Jemand klopft an die Tür.
Someone is knocking on the door.
jemand = someone. Present tense, "er/es"-form: klopft (regular weak verb, no stem change) — the same "an + Akkusativ" pattern as above.
klug — smart; clever
Comparative/superlative: klug → klüger → am klügsten (adds an umlaut, otherwise regular).
Alle diese Studenten sind klug.
All these students are smart.
der Student, -en (weak noun) = student. Predicate adjective after "sind" — no ending. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
das Knie — knee
Plural: die Knie (unchanged, like "das Auto"). Dativ plural: die Knien.
Nom Das Knie tut mir weh.
My knee hurts.
wehtun + Dativ = to hurt (someone) — "mir" is the dative person, but "das Knie" stays the grammatical subject. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Knie is the subject.
Akk Ich habe mein Knie beim Fußballspielen verletzt.
I hurt my knee playing football.
verletzen = to injure/hurt · das Fußballspielen = playing football (nominalized infinitive). "Mein" — neutral Akkusativ possessive, no ending, the same pattern as "ein." Knie is the direct object. The dictionary's own example, corrected from an OCR-dropped umlaut in "Fußballspielen."
Dat An dem Knie trägt er einen Verband.
He's wearing a bandage on his knee.
der Verband, ä-e = bandage · tragen = to wear. "An" + Dativ (static location) = on. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein geschwollenes Knie braucht Ruhe.
A swollen knee needs rest.
geschwollen = swollen · die Ruhe = rest. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Der Arzt untersucht ein schmerzendes Knie.
The doctor examines a painful knee.
untersuchen = to examine · schmerzend = painful/aching. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases.
Dat Yoga tut den Knien gut.
Yoga is good for the knees.
guttun + Dativ = to do good for/be good for. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Knie adds "-n" (Knie → Knien) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Knochen — bone
Plural: die Knochen (unchanged, like "der Kuchen" or "der Wagen" — masculine nouns already ending in "-en" don't change in the plural).
Nom Der Knochen ist gebrochen.
The bone is broken.
gebrochen = broken (past participle of "brechen"). "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Knochen is the subject.
Akk Der Tierarzt untersucht den Knochen auf dem Röntgenbild.
The vet examines the bone on the X-ray.
der Tierarzt, ä-e = veterinarian · das Röntgenbild, -er = X-ray (image). "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Knochen is the direct object.
Dat Der Hund kaut an dem Knochen.
The dog is chewing on the bone.
kauen an + Dativ = to chew on. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "an."
Nom Ein alter Knochen liegt im Garten.
An old bone is lying in the garden.
alt = old · der Garten, ä- = garden. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Der Hund vergräbt einen Knochen.
The dog is burying a bone.
der Hund, -e = dog · vergraben, er vergräbt = to bury. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den. The dictionary's own example, corrected from an OCR-dropped umlaut in "vergräbt."
Dat Zwischen den alten Knochen im Museum liegt auch ein Dinosaurierzahn.
Among the old bones in the museum there's also a dinosaur tooth.
das Museum, Museen = museum · der Zahn, ä-e = tooth. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the plural "Knochen" already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added — unlike "Apfel → Äpfeln."
der Knopf — button
Plural: die Knöpfe (umlaut + "-e"). Dativ plural: die Knöpfen. The dictionary's own example uses the separable verb "annähen" (to sew on) with a bare plural rather than an article: Ich nähe nicht gern Knöpfe an — "I don't like sewing on buttons" (the OCR had dropped the umlaut from "nähe"). Because it has no article, it doesn't map onto one of the six slots below, so it's kept here instead.
Nom Der Knopf ist lose.
The button is loose.
lose = loose. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Knopf is the subject.
Akk Ich nähe den Knopf wieder an.
I'm sewing the button back on.
annähen (separable) = to sew on · wieder = again/back. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Knopf is the direct object.
Dat An dem Knopf hängt noch ein Faden.
A thread is still hanging from the button.
hängen = to hang · der Faden, ä- = thread. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "an."
Nom Ein kleiner Knopf fehlt an der Jacke.
A small button is missing from the jacket.
fehlen = to be missing · die Jacke, -n = jacket. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Sie näht einen neuen Knopf an.
She sews on a new button.
annähen (separable) = to sew on. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Zwischen den alten Knöpfen in der Dose findet sie einen passenden.
Among the old buttons in the tin, she finds a matching one.
die Dose, -n = tin/box · passend = matching. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Knopf takes an umlaut and adds "-en" (Knopf → Knöpfe → Knöpfen), since the plural doesn't already end in -n or -s.
kochen, er kocht — to cook; to boil
Regular (weak) verb, no stem change: ich koche, du kochst, er kocht, wir kochen. Bundled in the dictionary's entry: der Koch (die Köchin) = cook, and der Kochherd = stove/range, both given their own entries next.
Meine Mutter kocht jeden Abend Abendessen.
My mother cooks dinner every evening.
die Mutter, ü- = mother · das Abendessen = dinner. Present tense, "sie"-form: kocht (regular weak verb, no stem change).
Das Wasser kocht schon.
The water is already boiling.
das Wasser = water · schon = already. The same verb "kochen" also means "to boil" when the subject is a liquid, not just "to cook."
der Koch — cook
Feminine: die Köchin, plural die Köchinnen. Masculine plural: die Köche (umlaut + "-e"), Dativ plural die Köchen. Bundled in the dictionary's entry alongside "kochen," the verb it's built from.
Nom Der Koch arbeitet seit zehn Jahren in diesem Restaurant.
The cook has worked at this restaurant for ten years.
arbeiten = to work · seit + Dativ = since/for (time) · das Restaurant, -s = restaurant. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Koch is the subject.
Akk Wir loben den Koch für das Essen.
We praise the cook for the meal.
loben = to praise · das Essen = food/meal. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Koch is the direct object.
Dat Der Kellner gibt dem Koch die Bestellung.
The waiter gives the cook the order.
der Kellner, - = waiter · die Bestellung, -en = order. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein erfahrener Koch braucht scharfe Messer.
An experienced cook needs sharp knives.
erfahren = experienced · scharf = sharp · das Messer, - = knife. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Das Restaurant sucht einen neuen Koch.
The restaurant is looking for a new cook.
suchen = to look for. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Der Küchenchef gibt den Köchen klare Anweisungen.
The head chef gives the cooks clear instructions.
der Küchenchef, -s = head chef · klar = clear · die Anweisung, -en = instruction. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Koch takes an umlaut and adds "-en" (Koch → Köche → Köchen), since the plural doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Kochherd — stove; range
A compound of "kochen" (to cook) + "der Herd" (stove/range) — declines exactly like "der Herd": plural die Kochherde, Dativ plural die Kochherden. Bundled with "Koch, der" in the dictionary's entry.
Nom Der Kochherd ist alt, funktioniert aber noch gut.
The stove is old, but it still works well.
alt = old · funktionieren = to function/work. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Kochherd is the subject.
Akk Wir putzen den Kochherd nach dem Kochen.
We clean the stove after cooking.
putzen = to clean · das Kochen = cooking (nominalized infinitive). "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Kochherd is the direct object.
Dat Der Topf steht auf dem Kochherd.
The pot is standing on the stove.
der Topf, ö-e = pot · stehen = to stand. "Auf" + Dativ (static location, not motion) = on. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein neuer Kochherd kostet viel Geld.
A new stove costs a lot of money.
kosten = to cost · das Geld = money. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Wir kaufen einen modernen Kochherd für die Küche.
We're buying a modern stove for the kitchen.
kaufen = to buy · die Küche, -n = kitchen. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Bei den alten Kochherden dauert das Erhitzen länger.
Heating takes longer with old stoves.
dauern = to take (time) · das Erhitzen = heating (nominalized infinitive) · länger = longer. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Kochherd adds "-n" (Kochherde → Kochherden) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.