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German Student Dictionary — Part 39
Dictionary entries, alphabetical: in – Skijacke.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
in — at; in; into (preposition, + Dativ or Akkusativ)
A two-way preposition (Wechselpräposition): Dativ for a fixed location ("wo?"), Akkusativ for movement into something ("wohin?"). The dictionary gives a third example not reused below: "Sie steckt ihre Schlüssel in ihre Tasche." (She puts her keys in her pocket) — also Akkusativ, since it's motion into the pocket. Corrected from the OCR-garbled "Schlussel."
Tu die Butter in die Pfanne.
Put the butter into the frying pan.
tun = to put/do · die Pfanne, -n = frying pan. "In" + Akkusativ here — motion into the pan (wohin?). The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Sie lernt in der Bibliothek.
She studies at the library.
lernen = to study · die Bibliothek, -en = library. "In" + Dativ here — a fixed location, no movement (wo?). The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
die Industrie — industry
Plural: die Industrien. The dictionary's own example talks about the compound "die Filmindustrie" (movie industry) in the Genitiv — "das Zentrum der Filmindustrie in den U.S.A." (the center of the U.S. movie industry) — which doesn't slot cleanly into the Nom/Akk/Dat drills below, so all six are built fresh instead.
Nom Die Industrie wächst schnell in diesem Land.
The industry is growing quickly in this country.
die Industrie (feminin) = industry · wachsen = to grow. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Industrie is the subject.
Akk Die Regierung unterstützt die Industrie.
The government supports the industry.
die Regierung, -en = government · unterstützen = to support. "Die" stays "die" — feminine Nominativ and Akkusativ are identical; Industrie is the direct object here.
Dat Der Staat hilft der Industrie in der Krise.
The state helps the industry in the crisis.
helfen (+ Dativ) = to help · die Krise, -n = crisis. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine neue Industrie entsteht hier.
A new industry is emerging here.
entstehen = to emerge/arise. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Das Land braucht eine starke Industrie.
The country needs a strong industry.
brauchen = to need · stark = strong. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ, the same pattern as "die"/"die" for the definite article.
Dat Die Regierung hilft den wichtigsten Industrien des Landes.
The government helps the country's most important industries.
wichtig = important · das Land, ä-er = country. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Industrien already ends in "-n" (from its own "-n" plural), so no further "-n" is added.
der Ingenieur — engineer
Plural: die Ingenieure. Not a weak noun despite the foreign-derived "-eur" ending — it declines regularly: den Ingenieur, dem Ingenieur, des Ingenieurs (unlike, say, "der Student," which is weak: den Studenten).
Nom Der Ingenieur hat einen akademischen Grad an der Universität Cal Tech erworben.
The engineer has a degree from Cal Tech.
der Ingenieur (maskulin) = engineer · der Grad, -e = degree · erwerben = to earn/acquire. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Ingenieur is the subject. The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "Universitat."
Akk Die Firma stellt den Ingenieur ein.
The company hires the engineer.
einstellen (separable) = to hire. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Ingenieur is the direct object.
Dat Der Chef dankt dem Ingenieur für die Lösung.
The boss thanks the engineer for the solution.
danken (+ Dativ) = to thank · die Lösung, -en = solution. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Ingenieur repariert die Maschine.
An engineer repairs the machine.
reparieren = to repair · die Maschine, -n = machine. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Wir brauchen einen erfahrenen Ingenieur.
We need an experienced engineer.
erfahren = experienced. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Das Unternehmen bietet den neuen Ingenieuren gute Gehälter.
The company offers the new engineers good salaries.
das Unternehmen, - = company · anbieten (separable) = to offer · das Gehalt, ä-er = salary. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Ingenieur's plural adds "-e" (Ingenieur → Ingenieure), then "-n" (Ingenieure → Ingenieuren) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
innerhalb — inside (of); within (preposition, + Genitiv)
Classically governs Genitiv, though with a bare time quantity like "zehn Minuten" the Genitiv ending doesn't show up, so it reads almost like an unmarked phrase in casual usage — "innerhalb von zehn Minuten" (with "von" + Dativ) is the safer everyday alternative.
Der Zug fährt innerhalb zehn Minuten aus dem Bahnhof.
The train leaves the station within ten minutes.
der Bahnhof, ö-e = train station. The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "fahrt" → "fährt."
Er kommt innerhalb einer Stunde zurück.
He'll be back within an hour.
die Stunde, -n = hour · zurückkommen (separable) = to come back. "Einer Stunde" — clear Genitiv here, feminine singular.
das Insekt — insect
Plural: die Insekten — an irregular "-en" plural for a neuter noun of this shape (compare "das Objekt" → "die Objekte," which takes only "-e").
Nom Das Insekt hat sechs Beine.
The insect has six legs.
das Insekt (neutral) = insect · das Bein, -e = leg. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Insekt is the subject. Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used the bare plural "Insekten haben sechs Beine" (Insects have six legs) — singularized to drill the definite Nominativ here.
Akk Der Frosch fängt das Insekt.
The frog catches the insect.
der Frosch, ö-e = frog · fangen = to catch. "Das" stays "das" — neutral Nominativ and Akkusativ are identical; Insekt is the direct object here.
Dat Die Spinne nähert sich dem Insekt.
The spider approaches the insect.
die Spinne, -n = spider · sich nähern (+ Dativ) = to approach. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein Insekt fliegt durchs Fenster.
An insect flies through the window.
durchs = durch + das (contraction) · das Fenster, - = window. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ.
Akk Ich sehe ein Insekt auf dem Tisch.
I see an insect on the table.
sehen = to see. Neutral nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ indefinite (ein → ein) — same form as the Nominativ example above, just a different role in the sentence.
Dat Die Vögel jagen nach den Insekten.
The birds hunt for the insects.
der Vogel, ö- = bird · jagen nach (+ Dativ) = to hunt for. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Insekten already ends in "-n" (from its own "-en" plural), so no further "-n" is added.
die Insel — island
Plural: die Inseln.
Nom Die Insel ist sehr klein.
The island is very small.
die Insel (feminin) = island · klein = small. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Insel is the subject.
Akk Wir besuchen die Insel im Sommer.
We visit the island in summer.
besuchen = to visit · der Sommer, - = summer. "Die" stays "die" — feminine Nominativ and Akkusativ are identical; Insel is the direct object here.
Dat Die Fähre bringt die Touristen zu der Insel.
The ferry takes the tourists to the island.
die Fähre, -n = ferry · bringen = to bring/take. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "zu."
Nom Eine kleine Insel liegt vor der Küste.
A small island lies off the coast.
liegen = to lie/be positioned · die Küste, -n = coast. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Hast du jemals eine karibische Insel besucht?
Have you ever visited a Caribbean island?
karibisch = Caribbean. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ, the same pattern as "die"/"die" for the definite article. The dictionary's own example, corrected: the OCR source read "eine der Karibischen Insel" (a stray "der" and a capitalized adjective), tidied to the plain adjective "karibische."
Dat Der Leuchtturm steht zwischen den kleinen Inseln.
The lighthouse stands between the small islands.
der Leuchtturm, ü-e = lighthouse · zwischen (+ Dativ, no motion) = between. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Inseln already ends in "-n" (from its own "-n" plural), so no further "-n" is added.
das Inserat — advertisement (want ad)
Headword normalized to the singular — the dictionary lists this as the plural "Inserate, die" since ads are usually talked about as a group, the same shorthand seen with "Bohnen" and "Erbsen" in earlier parts. Plural: die Inserate.
Nom Das Inserat steht auf der ersten Seite.
The ad is on the front page.
das Inserat (neutral) = advertisement · die Seite, -n = page. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Inserat is the subject.
Akk Ich habe das Inserat in der Zeitung gesehen.
I saw the ad in the newspaper.
die Zeitung, -en = newspaper · sehen = to see. "Das" stays "das" — neutral Nominativ and Akkusativ are identical; Inserat is the direct object here. Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used the plural "die Inserate" — singularized to drill the definite Akkusativ here.
Dat Neben dem Inserat steht ein Foto.
Next to the ad is a photo.
neben (+ Dativ, no motion) = next to · das Foto, -s = photo. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein Inserat sucht einen neuen Mitarbeiter.
An ad is looking for a new employee.
der Mitarbeiter, - = employee. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ.
Akk Die Firma schaltet ein Inserat in der Zeitung.
The company places an ad in the newspaper.
ein Inserat schalten = to place/run an ad. Neutral nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ indefinite (ein → ein) — same form as the Nominativ example above, just a different role in the sentence.
Dat Der Käufer vergleicht die Preise in den verschiedenen Inseraten.
The buyer compares prices in the various ads.
der Käufer, - = buyer · vergleichen = to compare · verschieden = various. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Inserat's plural adds "-e" (Inserat → Inserate), then "-n" (Inserate → Inseraten) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
intelligent — intelligent
Comparative/superlative: intelligent → intelligenter → am intelligentesten — adds "-esten" rather than plain "-sten" for pronounceability, since the word already ends in "-t" (the same pattern as "interessant," just below).
Meine Schwester ist sehr intelligent.
My sister is very intelligent.
die Schwester, -n = sister. Predicate use after "ist" — no ending.
Welches Tier ist am intelligentesten?
Which animal is the most intelligent?
das Tier, -e = animal. Superlative form "am intelligentesten." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
das Interesse — interest
Plural: die Interessen. This paragraph also bundles the adjective interessant (interesting) and the reflexive verb sich interessieren für (to be interested in) — both get their own entries just below.
Nom Das Interesse wächst von Tag zu Tag.
The interest grows day by day.
das Interesse (neutral) = interest · wachsen = to grow. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Interesse is the subject.
Akk Der Kurs weckt das Interesse der Schüler.
The course sparks the students' interest.
der Kurs, -e = course · wecken = to spark/awaken. "Das" stays "das" — neutral Nominativ and Akkusativ are identical; Interesse is the direct object here.
Dat Er folgt dem Interesse seiner Kinder.
He follows his children's interest.
folgen (+ Dativ) = to follow. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein großes Interesse besteht an diesem Thema.
There's great interest in this topic.
bestehen an (+ Dativ) = to exist regarding · das Thema, Themen = topic. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ.
Akk Mein Bruder hat ein großes Interesse für Chemie.
My brother has a keen interest in chemistry.
die Chemie = chemistry. Neutral nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ indefinite (ein → ein) — same form as the Nominativ example above, just a different role in the sentence. The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "grofies" → "großes" and a dropped umlaut in "für."
Dat Nach den Interessen der Kinder plant die Lehrerin den Unterricht.
Based on the children's interests, the teacher plans the lesson.
die Lehrerin, -nen = teacher (f.) · der Unterricht = lesson/class. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Interessen already ends in "-n" (from its own "-n" plural), so no further "-n" is added.
interessant — interesting
Built from "Interesse" — bundled with it in the source (see the entry just above). Comparative/superlative: interessant → interessanter → am interessantesten (adds "-esten," the same pattern as "intelligent" above).
Dieses Buch ist sehr interessant.
This book is very interesting.
das Buch, ü-er = book. Predicate use after "ist" — no ending.
Wir hatten ein interessantes Gespräch.
We had an interesting conversation.
das Gespräch, -e = conversation. "Interessantes" — neutral ending after the indefinite article "ein" (neutral Akkusativ, no der-word present).
sich interessieren für — to be interested in
Reflexive verb + "für" (always Akkusativ) — literally "to interest oneself for." Bundled with "Interesse" and "interessant" in the source (see the two entries above).
Ich interessiere mich für Musik.
I'm interested in music.
die Musik = music. "Mich" is the reflexive pronoun · "für" always takes Akkusativ.
Interessierst du dich für Sport?
Are you interested in sports?
der Sport = sport(s). "Dich" is the reflexive pronoun agreeing with "du."
international — international
Regular adjective, no irregular comparative. The dictionary's own example, reconstructed from several wrapped OCR lines (with the mid-sentence capital "Internationale" lowercased, and the misread "B.C." corrected to "D.C."): "Eine internationale Konferenz findet Montag in Washington, D.C. statt."
Eine internationale Konferenz findet Montag in Washington, D.C. statt.
There is an international conference in Washington, D.C., on Monday.
die Konferenz, -en = conference · stattfinden (separable) = to take place. "Internationale" — attributive ending "-e" after "eine" (feminine Nominativ indefinite).
Das Unternehmen hat einen internationalen Kundenstamm.
The company has an international customer base.
der Kundenstamm, ä-e = customer base. "Internationalen" — maskulin Akkusativ ending "-en" after "einen."
irgend — any; at all
Mostly used as an intensifier (e.g. "wenn irgend möglich" = if at all possible) rather than standing fully alone. This paragraph bundles three compounds built from it: irgendetwas (anything), irgendjemand (anyone/somebody), and irgendwo (somewhere) — each gets its own entry just below. The dictionary spells the first two as two words ("irgend etwas," "irgend jemand"); standard modern German writes them closed, as used throughout this page.
Komm, wenn es irgend möglich ist.
Come if it's at all possible.
möglich = possible. "Irgend" intensifies "möglich" — "at all possible."
irgendetwas — anything
Built from "irgend" + "etwas" (something) — see the entry just above. Written as one word in standard German, though the dictionary spaces it "irgend etwas."
Brauchst du irgendetwas aus dem Supermarkt?
Do you need anything from the supermarket?
brauchen = to need · der Supermarkt, ä-e = supermarket.
irgendjemand — anyone; somebody
Built from "irgend" + "jemand" (someone) — see "irgend" above. Written as one word in standard German, though the dictionary spaces it "irgend jemand."
Möchte irgendjemand Milch?
Does anyone want milk?
die Milch = milk. The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "Mochte" → "Möchte."
Ist irgendjemand hier?
Is anyone here (at all)?
The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
irgendwo — somewhere
Built from "irgend" + "wo" (where) — already written closed in the source, unlike its two neighbors above.
Meine Schlüssel sind irgendwo im Zimmer.
My keys are somewhere in the room.
der Schlüssel, - = key · das Zimmer, - = room.
sich irren — to be wrong; to be mistaken
Reflexive verb — the source lists it as "irren, sich." Regular weak conjugation: ich irre mich, du irrst dich, er irrt sich; Perfekt: hat sich geirrt.
Sie haben sich bezüglich der Zeit der Schau geirrt.
They were wrong about the time of the show.
bezüglich (+ Genitiv) = regarding · die Schau, -en = show. The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "beziiglich."
Du irrst dich, das stimmt nicht.
You're mistaken, that's not right.
stimmen = to be correct/right.
Italien — Italy
Neuter and article-free like Deutschland and Österreich — no der/die/das needed. This paragraph bundles the noun Italiener (Italian person) and the adjective italienisch (Italian) — each gets its own entry just below. The dictionary's own headword prints as "Italian," garbled from "Italien."
Nom Auf der Landkarte sieht Italien einem Stiefel ähnlich.
On a map, Italy is shaped like a boot.
die Landkarte, -n = map · ähnlich (+ Dativ) = similar to · der Stiefel, - = boot. No article needed — Italien is the subject directly. The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "ahnlich."
Akk Wir besuchen Italien im Sommer.
We're visiting Italy in the summer.
besuchen = to visit. No article/ending change — article-free proper nouns stay the same in every case.
Dat Meine Familie kommt aus Italien.
My family comes from Italy.
kommen aus (+ Dativ) = to come from · die Familie, -n = family. No article needed after "aus" for an article-free proper noun.
der Italiener — Italian (person)
Plural: die Italiener (unchanged, like "der Lehrer"). Feminine: die Italienerin, -nen (given in the source as "Italiener, der (-in, f.)"). Built from "Italien" — see the entry just above. Not a weak noun — regular declension despite the person-noun sense: des Italieners, die Italiener.
Nom Der Italiener bestellt eine Pizza.
The Italian orders a pizza.
der Italiener (maskulin) = Italian (person) · bestellen = to order. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Italiener is the subject.
Akk Ich kenne den Italiener aus meiner Klasse.
I know the Italian from my class.
kennen = to know (a person) · die Klasse, -n = class. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Italiener is the direct object.
Dat Sie hilft dem Italiener beim Deutschlernen.
She helps the Italian with learning German.
helfen (+ Dativ) = to help · beim = bei + dem (contraction). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Italiener wohnt neben uns.
An Italian lives next to us.
wohnen = to live/reside · neben = next to. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Wir treffen einen netten Italiener im Café.
We meet a nice Italian at the café.
treffen = to meet · nett = nice. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Der Reiseführer spricht mit den Italienern über die Stadt.
The tour guide talks with the Italians about the city.
der Reiseführer, - = tour guide · sprechen mit (+ Dativ) = to speak with. Plural Dativ: the article is "den," and Italiener's plural is unchanged (Italiener → Italiener), then adds "-n" (Italiener → Italienern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
italienisch — Italian
Adjective built from "Italien" — see the two entries just above.
Ein italienisches Restaurant müsste Espresso haben.
An Italian restaurant should have espresso.
das Restaurant, -s = restaurant · müssen (Konjunktiv II: müsste) = should/would have to. "Italienisches" — neutral ending after the indefinite article "ein." The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "miiBte."
Meine Nachbarin kocht gern italienisches Essen.
My neighbor likes to cook Italian food.
die Nachbarin, -nen = neighbor (f.) · das Essen = food. "Italienisches" — neutral Akkusativ ending, no article present before "Essen."
ja — yes
Basic yes/no adverb — "nein" is its opposite.
Ja, ich möchte gern etwas Nachtisch!
Yes, I would like some dessert!
der Nachtisch, -e = dessert. The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "mochte" → "möchte."
Kommst du mit? Ja, gern!
Are you coming along? Yes, gladly!
mitkommen (separable) = to come along · gern = gladly.
die Jacke — jacket
Plural: die Jacken. This paragraph bundles the compound Skijacke (ski jacket) — its own entry just below. No example sentence is given in the source for either word, so all examples here are built fresh.
Nom Die Jacke ist warm und leicht.
The jacket is warm and light.
die Jacke (feminin) = jacket · leicht = light. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Jacke is the subject.
Akk Ich trage die Jacke im Herbst.
I wear the jacket in fall.
tragen = to wear · der Herbst = fall/autumn. "Die" stays "die" — feminine Nominativ and Akkusativ are identical; Jacke is the direct object here.
Dat Der Knopf fehlt an der Jacke.
The button is missing from the jacket.
der Knopf, ö-e = button · fehlen an (+ Dativ) = to be missing from. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine neue Jacke hängt im Schrank.
A new jacket hangs in the closet.
hängen = to hang · der Schrank, ä-e = closet/cabinet. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Ich kaufe eine warme Jacke für den Winter.
I'm buying a warm jacket for winter.
kaufen = to buy · der Winter, - = winter. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ, the same pattern as "die"/"die" for the definite article.
Dat Wir suchen zwischen den vielen Jacken die richtige Größe.
We search among the many jackets for the right size.
suchen = to search · die Größe, -n = size. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Jacken already ends in "-n" (from its own "-n" plural), so no further "-n" is added.
die Skijacke — ski jacket
Plural: die Skijacken. Built from "Ski" + "Jacke" — see the entry just above. No example sentence is given in the source, so all examples here are built fresh.
Nom Die Skijacke ist wasserdicht.
The ski jacket is waterproof.
die Skijacke (feminin) = ski jacket · wasserdicht = waterproof. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Skijacke is the subject.
Akk Er zieht die Skijacke an, bevor wir losfahren.
He puts on the ski jacket before we leave.
anziehen (separable) = to put on · losfahren (separable) = to set off/leave. "Die" stays "die" — feminine Nominativ and Akkusativ are identical; Skijacke is the direct object here.
Dat Der Reißverschluss klemmt an der Skijacke.
The zipper is stuck on the ski jacket.
der Reißverschluss, ü-e = zipper · klemmen = to jam/be stuck. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine rote Skijacke liegt auf dem Bett.
A red ski jacket lies on the bed.
liegen = to lie/be lying · das Bett, -en = bed. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Ich brauche eine neue Skijacke für die Berge.
I need a new ski jacket for the mountains.
brauchen = to need · der Berg, -e = mountain. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ, the same pattern as "die"/"die" for the definite article.
Dat Der Laden bietet eine große Auswahl an den warmen Skijacken.
The store offers a large selection of the warm ski jackets.
der Laden, ä- = store · die Auswahl an (+ Dativ) = selection of. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Skijacken already ends in "-n" (from its own "-n" plural), so no further "-n" is added.