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Vocab: Movement — A2 (2) ​

Movement vocabulary at A2 level.

Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural

heben — to lift, raise; to raise, increase ​

heben is a strong verb: heben – hob – hat gehoben. It normally takes an accusative object for the thing that is lifted.
Sie hebt die Tasche.
She lifts the bag.
die Tasche is the bag. It is accusative because heben takes the thing being lifted as a direct object, while the finite verb hebt stands in position two.
Er hat den Karton gehoben.
He lifted the cardboard box.
der Karton is the cardboard box. den Karton is accusative because it is the object of heben; the auxiliary hat is in position two and gehoben goes to the end.
Sie hob den schweren Koffer.
She lifted the heavy suitcase.
schwer means heavy and der Koffer is a suitcase. den Koffer is accusative after heben, and hob is the strong Präteritum form rather than a form ending in -te.
Heb den Karton vorsichtig!
Lift the box carefully!
der Karton is the box and vorsichtig means carefully. Heb is the singular imperative with no subject pronoun, and den Karton is accusative because it is the object.
Wenn ich stärker wäre, höbe ich den Koffer.
If I were stronger, I would lift the suitcase.
stark means strong and wäre means were; der Koffer is the suitcase. höbe is the Konjunktiv II of the strong verb and expresses an unreal condition; in the wenn clause the finite verb goes to the end.
Morgen wird er die Kiste heben.
Tomorrow he will lift the crate.
morgen means tomorrow and die Kiste is the crate or box. The auxiliary wird stands in position two and the infinitive heben goes to the end; die Kiste is accusative.
Die Firma hebt die Preise.
The company is raising prices.
die Firma is the company and die Preise means the prices. die Preise is accusative because it is what the company raises, and hebt is in position two.
Bitte heb nicht deine Stimme!
Please do not raise your voice!
bitte means please, nicht means not, and die Stimme is the voice. Heb is the singular imperative, while deine Stimme is accusative as the object of heben.

heraus — out, out towards here ​

heraus means movement out of a place towards the speaker or the outside viewpoint. It is often used with aus plus the dative, and it contrasts with hinein, movement inwards away from the speaker.
Komm sofort heraus!
Come out immediately!
Komm means come, sofort means immediately, and heraus means out towards here. The imperative is placed first, while heraus stands at the end to show movement out towards the speaker.
Sie geht aus dem Zimmer heraus.
She goes out of the room.
Sie means she, geht means goes, and das Zimmer is the room. aus dem Zimmer uses the dative because aus always takes the dative; heraus reinforces the movement from inside to outside.

herum — around, about ​

Herum often appears as the separable part of a verb, as in herumlaufen or herumliegen. It usually suggests movement without a specific destination or something being left untidily in a place.
Die Kinder laufen im Garten herum.
The children are running around in the garden.
Die Kinder means the children, laufen means run or walk, and Garten means garden. Herum stands at the end because it is a separable particle with herumlaufen; the finite verb laufen remains in position two.
Warum liegt hier so viel Müll herum?
Why is there so much rubbish lying around here?
Müll means rubbish, hier means here, and so viel means so much. Herum is separated from herumliegen and goes to the end of this question; liegt comes directly after the question word warum.

herunter — down, downwards ​

Herunter describes movement from a higher place to a lower one, often towards the speaker. It is different from hinunter, which usually describes movement away from the speaker or towards a place that is not the speaker's position.
Komm bitte herunter!
Please come down!
Komm means come, and bitte means please. Herunter expresses movement down towards the speaker; komm is the imperative and the adverb stands at the end.
Der Ball fällt vom Tisch herunter.
The ball falls down from the table.
Ball means ball, fällt means falls, and Tisch means table. Vom means von dem and takes the dative; herunter is placed at the end because it completes the directional expression.

herüber — over here, across to the speaker ​

Herüber expresses movement towards the speaker or the speaker's side. Do not confuse it with hinüber, which describes movement away from the speaker.
Komm bitte herüber!
Please come over here!
komm means come, and bitte means please. Herüber shows movement towards the speaker; the imperative komm comes first, while herüber remains separate as an adverb.
Kannst du mir das Buch herübergeben?
Can you pass the book over to me?
kannst du means can you, mir means to me, and das Buch is the book. Mir is dative for the recipient, and herübergeben is split here because the modal kannst sends the infinitive to the end; herüber is written together with geben in that infinitive.

die Himmelsrichtung — compass direction, cardinal direction ​

The four basic Himmelsrichtungen are Norden, Süden, Osten and Westen.
Die Himmelsrichtung ist auf der Karte eingezeichnet.
The compass direction is marked on the map.
die Karte means the map, and eingezeichnet means marked or drawn in. Die Himmelsrichtung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist stands in position two, and eingezeichnet goes to the end in the passive.
Ich kenne die Himmelsrichtung nicht.
I do not know the compass direction.
kennen means to know or be familiar with, and nicht means not. Die Himmelsrichtung is accusative because kennen takes a direct object; the finite verb kenne is in position two.
Wir folgen der Himmelsrichtung.
We follow the compass direction.
folgen means to follow, and wir means we. Der Himmelsrichtung is dative because folgen always takes a dative object; the finite verb folgen stands in position two.
Die Bedeutung der Himmelsrichtung ist klar.
The meaning of the compass direction is clear.
die Bedeutung means the meaning, and klar means clear. Der Himmelsrichtung is genitive because it shows whose meaning it is; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Die vier Himmelsrichtungen heißen Norden, Süden, Osten und Westen.
The four compass directions are called north, south, east and west.
vier means four, and heißen means are called; Norden, Süden, Osten and Westen are north, south, east and west. Himmelsrichtungen is plural and is the nominative subject, so the plural verb heißen stands in position two.

hinaufsteigen — to climb up, to ascend ​

Hinaufsteigen means climbing upwards, for example up a mountain, ladder or staircase. It is separable in main clauses and normally takes sein in the perfect because it describes movement.
Wir steigen langsam den Berg hinauf.
We climb slowly up the mountain.
langsam means slowly, and der Berg means the mountain. Den Berg is accusative because it marks the direction or route of the climb; the verb splits into steigen in position two and hinauf at the end.
Sie ist auf den Turm hinaufgestiegen.
She climbed up the tower.
sie means she, and der Turm means the tower. Auf den Turm is accusative because it expresses movement towards a destination; ist is in position two and hinaufgestiegen goes to the end because it is the Partizip II.
Der Junge stieg die Leiter hinauf.
The boy climbed up the ladder.
der Junge means the boy, and die Leiter means the ladder. Die Leiter is accusative as the route or object of the climb; stieg is the irregular Präteritum form and hinauf separates to the end.
Steig vorsichtig hinauf!
Climb up carefully!
vorsichtig means carefully. This is the singular imperative: steig comes first, hinauf goes to the end, and the subject du is omitted.
Wenn der Weg nicht so steil wäre, stiege ich weiter hinauf.
If the path were not so steep, I would climb further up.
der Weg means the path, steil means steep, and weiter means further. The finite verb wäre goes to the end of the wenn clause; stiege is the Konjunktiv II form, while hinauf separates to the end of the main clause.
Am Wochenende werden wir den Berg hinaufsteigen.
At the weekend we will climb up the mountain.
am Wochenende means at the weekend, and der Berg means the mountain. Den Berg is accusative because it is the destination or route of movement; werden stands in position two and the complete infinitive hinaufsteigen goes to the end.

hinein — in, inside ​

hinein describes movement into the speaker's location or into an enclosed space. It contrasts with hinaus, which describes movement outwards, and may stand alone or combine with a verb such as hineingehen.
Komm hinein, es ist kalt draußen!
Come inside; it is cold outside!
komm means come, kalt means cold, and draußen means outside. hinein gives the direction into the speaker's location; the imperative komm comes first, and the comma separates the two clauses.
Sie legte das Buch hinein.
She put the book inside.
sie legte means she put, and das Buch means the book. das Buch is accusative because legen takes the thing being placed as its object; hinein shows movement into a place and the finite verb is in position two.

hineingehen — to go in, to enter ​

hineingehen is a separable movement verb: in a main clause, gehen is conjugated and hinein moves to the end. Its perfect uses sein, and its Partizip II is hineingegangen.
Ich gehe jetzt hinein.
I am going in now.
jetzt means now, and hinein means in or inside. In a main clause the finite verb gehe is in position two and the separable prefix hinein goes to the end; this split is a common learner trap.
Ich bin sofort hineingegangen.
I went in immediately.
sofort means immediately, and hineingegangen means gone in. The perfect uses sein because hineingehen expresses movement; the Partizip II stays together and goes to the end.
Er ging ohne Mantel hinein.
He went in without a coat.
er means he, ohne means without, and der Mantel means the coat. ging is the strong Präteritum form of gehen, while the separable prefix hinein goes to the end of the main clause; ohne takes the accusative.
Geh bitte hinein!
Please go inside!
bitte means please, and hinein means inside. Geh is the singular imperative and the prefix stays separate at the end; bitte makes the command more polite.
Wenn du müde bist, würdest du gern hineingehen.
If you were tired, you would like to go in.
wenn means if, müde means tired, and gern means gladly or would like to. In the subordinate clause the finite verb bist goes to the end, while würdest ... hineingehen expresses a hypothetical action and the infinitive stays together.
Nach dem Regen werden die Gäste hineingehen.
After the rain, the guests will go inside.
nach dem Regen means after the rain, and die Gäste means the guests. werden is in position two and the complete infinitive hineingehen goes to the end; in the future infinitive, the separable verb is not split.

hinfallen — to fall down ​

Hinfallen describes an accidental fall downwards. Its perfect uses sein: ist hingefallen, not hat hingefallen.
Das Kind fällt auf dem Eis hin.
The child falls down on the ice.
das Kind means the child, and das Eis means the ice. Auf dem Eis is dative because auf describes the location, not a destination; fällt is in position two and hin goes to the end.
Das Kind ist auf dem Eis hingefallen.
The child fell down on the ice.
das Kind means the child, and auf dem Eis means on the ice. Hingefallen pairs with sein because falling is a change of position, and the Partizip II stands at the end.
Er fiel vor Schreck hin.
He fell down from fright.
vor Schreck means from fright or shock. The strong past form fiel stands in position two, and hin is separated and placed at the end.
Fall nicht auf der Treppe hin!
Don't fall down on the stairs!
nicht means not, and die Treppe means the stairs. This is the informal singular imperative; fall starts the command and hin goes to the end.
Ich würde beinahe wieder hinfallen.
I would almost fall down again.
beinahe means almost, and wieder means again. After würde, the complete infinitive hinfallen stays together at the end; do not split it in this construction.
Wenn es glatt ist, wird man leicht hinfallen.
If it is slippery, people will easily fall down.
glatt means slippery, and leicht means easily. The finite verb ist goes to the end of the wenn clause, while wird is in position two in the main clause and hinfallen goes to its end.

hängen — to hang; to be hanging; to hang something up ​

Hängen has two important patterns. In the intransitive meaning ‘be hanging’, the past forms are hing and gehangen; in the transitive meaning ‘hang something up’, they are hängte and gehängt.
Das Bild hängt an der Wand.
The picture is hanging on the wall.
das Bild means the picture, and an der Wand means on the wall. This use describes a location, so an der Wand is dative; the finite verb hängt is in position two.
Das Bild hat den ganzen Tag an der Wand gehangen.
The picture hung on the wall all day.
den ganzen Tag means all day, and an der Wand means on the wall. The intransitive form gehangen forms the perfect with hat and goes to the end of the clause; the location remains dative.
Das Bild hing früher im Flur.
The picture used to hang in the hallway.
früher means formerly or in the past, and im Flur means in the hallway. Hing is the strong Präteritum for something being suspended, and the finite verb is in position two.
Häng bitte die Jacke dort auf.
Please hang the jacket up there.
bitte means please, die Jacke is the jacket, and dort means there. The imperative häng has an omitted du; in this active use, die Jacke is accusative.
Wenn das Bild größer wäre, hinge es über dem Sofa.
If the picture were bigger, it would hang above the sofa.
größer means bigger, and über dem Sofa means above the sofa. Hinge expresses an unreal situation; über dem Sofa is dative because it describes a fixed location.
Das Bild wird morgen wieder im Flur hängen.
The picture will hang in the hallway again tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow, wieder means again, and im Flur means in the hallway. In the future, wird is the finite verb in position two and the infinitive hängen goes to the end.
Sie hängte den Mantel an die Garderobe.
She hung the coat on the coat rack.
den Mantel means the coat, and die Garderobe means the coat rack. Den Mantel is accusative as the object, while an die Garderobe is accusative because it expresses movement to a place; the weak past form is hängte.
Wir haben die Wäsche draußen gehängt.
We hung the laundry outside.
die Wäsche means the laundry, and draußen means outside. Die Wäsche is accusative because it is the object, and active gehängt forms the perfect with haben.

jagen — to hunt; to chase, to pursue ​

For the hunting meaning, jagen commonly takes an accusative animal as its object: jemanden/etwas jagen. It forms the perfect with haben: hat gejagt.
Ich jage heute im Wald.
I am hunting in the forest today.
heute means today, and der Wald is the forest. The finite verb jage is in position two; here jagen is used without a direct object, so no accusative noun is needed.
Wir haben den Hasen gejagt.
We hunted the hare.
der Hase is the hare. Den Hasen is accusative because jagen takes the hunted animal as a direct object; haben is in position two and gejagt goes to the end.
Der Jäger jagte ein Reh.
The hunter chased a deer.
der Jäger means the hunter, and ein Reh means a deer. Ein Reh is accusative as the object of jagte, while the finite past form jagte stands in position two.
Jag den Hasen nicht!
Do not hunt the hare!
nicht means not, and der Hase is the hare. The imperative Jag has no subject; den Hasen is accusative because it is the direct object.
Ich würde gern wilde Tiere jagen.
I would like to hunt wild animals.
gern means gladly or would like to, and wild means wild. The infinitive jagen goes to the end after würde; wilde Tiere is accusative as the direct object.
Morgen werde ich im Wald jagen.
Tomorrow I will hunt in the forest.
morgen means tomorrow, and der Wald is the forest. The finite form werde is in position two and the infinitive jagen goes to the end in the future construction.
Der Hund jagt die Katze.
The dog is chasing the cat.
der Hund means the dog, and die Katze means the cat. Die Katze is accusative as the object being chased, and jagt is the finite verb in position two.
Die Kinder jagen dem Ball hinterher.
The children are chasing after the ball.
die Kinder means the children, and der Ball is the ball. In jemandem hinterherjagen, dem Ball is dative after the verb, not accusative; jagen stands in position two.

joggen — to jog ​

joggen is a regular borrowed verb. For an ordinary statement about jogging as movement, the perfect normally uses sein: ist gejoggt.
Ich jogge jeden Morgen im Park.
I jog in the park every morning.
jeden Morgen means every morning, and im Park means in the park. The finite verb jogge stands in position two; im Park is a location phrase in the dative.
Ich bin gestern fünf Kilometer gejoggt.
I jogged five kilometres yesterday.
gestern means yesterday, and fünf Kilometer means five kilometres. The perfect uses bin with gejoggt because this activity is presented as movement; the Partizip II goes to the end.
Früher joggte sie jeden Abend.
She used to jog every evening.
früher means formerly or in the past, and jeden Abend means every evening. joggte is the regular simple-past form; the finite verb remains in position two.
Jogg langsam und trink genug Wasser.
Jog slowly and drink enough water.
langsam means slowly, trink means drink, and genug Wasser means enough water. Jogg is the informal singular command to one person; the subject du is omitted.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, joggte ich jeden Tag.
If I had more time, I would jog every day.
wenn means if, mehr Zeit means more time, and jeden Tag means every day. In this unreal condition, joggte is the Konjunktiv II form; the verb comes at the end of the wenn-clause.
Morgen werde ich am See joggen.
Tomorrow I will jog by the lake.
morgen means tomorrow, and am See means by the lake. The auxiliary werde is in position two and the infinitive joggen goes to the end, forming the future sentence bracket.

kippen — to tip over, to tilt; to pour by tilting; to smoke a cigarette (colloquial) ​

In the transitive sense, kippen takes an accusative object: etwas kippen means to tilt or knock something over. Do not confuse it with umkippen, which means to tip over itself, or auskippen, which means to empty by tipping.
Ich kippe das Glas vorsichtig.
I carefully tip the glass.
Glas means glass, and vorsichtig means carefully. Das Glas is accusative because kippen takes the thing being tilted as a direct object; the finite verb kippe stands in position two.
Sie hat die Flasche gekippt.
She tipped the bottle.
Flasche means bottle, and sie means she. Die Flasche is accusative because it is the direct object; the perfect uses hat gekippt, with gekippt at the end.
Der Wind kippte den Eimer um.
The wind knocked the bucket over.
Wind means wind, Eimer means bucket, and um means over in this expression. Den Eimer is accusative because it is the object, and kippte ... um is the past form of the separable expression umkippen, not the simple verb kippen alone.
Kipp das Wasser langsam aus!
Pour the water out slowly!
Wasser means water, and langsam means slowly. Das Wasser is accusative because it is the object; the informal imperative omits du, and aus belongs to the expression auskippen.
Wenn du die Kiste kipptest, würde alles herausfallen.
If you tipped the box, everything would fall out.
Kiste means box, alles means everything, and herausfallen means fall out. Die Kiste is accusative because it is the direct object; in the wenn clause, kipptest goes to the end, while würde introduces the result clause.
Pass auf, sonst wird der Eimer kippen.
Be careful, otherwise the bucket will tip over.
Pass auf means be careful, sonst means otherwise, and Eimer means bucket. Wird ... kippen forms the future, with the finite verb wird in position two and the infinitive at the end; the bucket is the subject, not an object.
Die beiden gehen kurz raus und kippen eine.
The two of them are going outside briefly to have a cigarette.
beide means both or the two of them, kurz means briefly, and rausgehen means go outside. This colloquial use means smoking a cigarette, often with eine standing for eine Zigarette; the verb follows the subject in the first clause and comes after und in the second.
Nach dem Essen kippte er noch eine mit seinem Kollegen.
After the meal, he had another cigarette with his colleague.
nach dem Essen means after the meal, noch eine means another one, and Kollege means colleague. Here kippte eine is colloquial for smoked a cigarette; nach takes the dative, and the finite verb is in position two despite the introductory phrase.

klettern — to climb ​

Klettern is a regular weak verb. In the perfect, movement is commonly expressed with sein—ist geklettert—but the activity can also be expressed with haben: Er hat den ganzen Tag geklettert.
Die Kinder klettern auf den Baum.
The children are climbing the tree.
die Kinder means the children, and der Baum means the tree. Auf den Baum is accusative because auf describes movement towards a place; the finite verb klettern stands in position two.
Wir sind gestern auf den Berg geklettert.
Yesterday we climbed the mountain.
gestern means yesterday, der Berg means the mountain, and sein means to be. The perfect uses sind plus geklettert because the climbing expresses movement; the auxiliary is in position two and the Partizip II goes to the end.
Er kletterte vorsichtig über die Mauer.
He climbed carefully over the wall.
vorsichtig means carefully, and die Mauer means the wall. Kletterte is the regular Präteritum form; über die Mauer is accusative because it describes movement across it.
Kletter nicht so hoch!
Do not climb so high!
nicht means not, and so hoch means so high. Kletter is the singular du imperative and stands first; the subject du is left out, and nicht comes before the part being negated.
Ich würde gern auf diesen Felsen klettern.
I would like to climb this rock.
gern means gladly or would like to, and dieser Felsen means this rock. The polite hypothetical uses würde plus the infinitive klettern, which goes to the end; auf diesen Felsen is accusative because it expresses movement towards the rock.
Morgen werde ich mit meinem Bruder klettern.
Tomorrow I will go climbing with my brother.
morgen means tomorrow, der Bruder means the brother, and mit means with. Future uses werde in position two and sends the infinitive klettern to the end; mit meinem Bruder is dative after mit.

der Kopfsprung — headfirst dive ​

A Kopfsprung is a type of dive, not simply any jump involving the head. The usual verb is einen Kopfsprung machen or einen Kopfsprung springen.
Der Kopfsprung war mutig.
The headfirst dive was brave.
mutig means brave. Der Kopfsprung is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb war stands in position two.
Sie macht einen Kopfsprung.
She does a headfirst dive.
Sie means she and macht means does. Einen Kopfsprung is accusative because machen takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from ein to einen.
Der Trainer zeigt dem Kopfsprung besondere Aufmerksamkeit.
The trainer gives special attention to the headfirst dive.
der Trainer is the coach, zeigt means gives or shows, and besondere Aufmerksamkeit means special attention. Dem Kopfsprung is dative because zeigen can mark the thing receiving attention with the dative; the direct object is Aufmerksamkeit.
Die Technik des Kopfsprungs ist nicht einfach.
The technique of the headfirst dive is not easy.
die Technik means the technique and nicht einfach means not easy. Des Kopfsprungs is genitive because it identifies the technique belonging to the dive; the noun takes -s.
Im Wettbewerb sehen wir viele Kopfsprünge.
In the competition we see many headfirst dives.
im Wettbewerb means in the competition, sehen means see, and viele means many. Kopfsprünge is plural and accusative because it is the object of sehen; the umlaut changes u to ü.

kratzen — to scratch; to itch; to feel scratchy; to scratch; to scrape ​

With a direct object, kratzen takes the accusative, as in die Haut kratzen, to scratch the skin. It can also be used with an plus the dative for scratching at a fixed object.
Die Katze kratzt an der Tür.
The cat is scratching at the door.
die Katze is the cat and die Tür is the door. an takes the dative here because the scratching happens at a fixed place, and the finite verb kratzt stands in position two.
Die Katze hat an der Tür gekratzt.
The cat scratched at the door.
die Katze is the cat and die Tür is the door. The perfect uses hat plus gekratzt because this verb takes haben; an der Tür is dative because it names a fixed place.
Die Katze kratzte an der Tür.
The cat scratched at the door.
die Katze is the cat and die Tür is the door. kratzte is the simple past, and an der Tür is dative because an describes a fixed location.
Kratz nicht an der Tür!
Don't scratch at the door!
nicht means not, and die Tür is the door. The informal imperative is kratz; an der Tür is dative because it refers to a fixed place.
Wenn ich nervös wäre, würde ich ständig an der Tür kratzen.
If I were nervous, I would scratch at the door constantly.
wenn means if, nervös means nervous, and ständig means constantly. The conditional uses wäre and würde ... kratzen; an der Tür is dative because it is a fixed location.
Die Katze wird an der Tür kratzen.
The cat will scratch at the door.
die Katze is the cat and die Tür is the door. Future wird ... kratzen puts the infinitive at the end, and an der Tür is dative because the scratching happens at a fixed place.
Meine Haut kratzt nach dem Duschen.
My skin itches after showering.
meine Haut is my skin and nach dem Duschen means after showering. Here kratzen describes an unpleasant itchy feeling, and the finite verb kratzt stands in position two.
Der Pullover hat am Hals gekratzt.
The sweater felt itchy around my neck.
der Pullover is the sweater and am Hals means around the neck. The perfect uses hat ... gekratzt, and am Hals is dative because an refers to the place where the irritation is felt.
Der Schlüssel kratzt den Lack.
The key scratches the paint.
der Schlüssel is the key and der Lack is the paint or varnish. den Lack is accusative because it is the direct object of kratzen, and the finite verb kratzt stands in position two.
Auf dem Tisch ist ein tiefer Kratzer entstanden.
A deep scratch has appeared on the table.
der Tisch is the table and ein tiefer Kratzer means a deep scratch; entstanden means appeared or formed. auf dem Tisch is dative because it describes a fixed location, and the perfect form ist entstanden uses sein with a change of state.

kreuzen — to cross, to intersect; to cross out or mark; to tick, to cross off ​

For two things crossing each other, use sich kreuzen; for crossing something, use etwas kreuzen. The perfect is formed with haben, not sein.
An dieser Stelle kreuzen sich zwei Wanderwege.
Two hiking trails cross at this point.
an dieser Stelle means at this point, and zwei Wanderwege means two hiking trails. The reflexive form kreuzen sich describes two routes crossing each other; the finite verb kreuzen is in position two, while sich follows the subject.
Wir haben die Hauptstraße gekreuzt.
We crossed the main road.
die Hauptstraße means the main road. It is accusative because kreuzen takes the thing crossed as an accusative object; haben is in position two and gekreuzt goes to the end.
Der Bus kreuzte den Fluss bei Nacht.
The bus crossed the river at night.
der Fluss means the river and bei Nacht means at night. den Fluss is accusative because it is the object of kreuzen, and the regular past form kreuzte stands in position two.
Kreuz die richtige Antwort an.
Cross the correct answer.
die richtige Antwort means the correct answer, and ankreuzen here means to mark it with a cross. The command uses the informal imperative kreuz; die richtige Antwort is accusative, and an belongs to the separable verb ankreuzen, not to kreuzen itself.
Wenn sich die Wege kreuzten, mussten wir nach links gehen.
When the paths crossed, we had to go left.
die Wege means the paths, mussten means had to, and nach links means to the left. sich kreuzen is used because the paths cross each other; kreuzten has the same form as the simple past here, and the subordinate-clause verb stands at the end.
Die beiden Straßen werden sich bald kreuzen.
The two roads will cross soon.
die beiden Straßen means the two roads and bald means soon. werden stands in position two and the infinitive kreuzen goes to the end; sich shows that the two roads cross each other.
Bitte kreuzen Sie nur eine Antwort an.
Please tick only one answer.
bitte means please, nur means only, and eine Antwort means one answer. The formal command uses kreuzen Sie ... an, with Sie after the verb; eine Antwort is accusative, and the prefix an moves to the end.
Ich habe das letzte Kästchen gekreuzt.
I ticked the last box.
das letzte Kästchen means the last box. It is accusative because it is the object of kreuzen in this sense; habe is in position two and gekreuzt is at the end.

kriechen — to crawl, to creep ​

The perfect normally uses sein: ist gekrochen, because the verb describes movement from one place to another. For crawling on hands and knees, kriechen is also used for babies and small animals.
Das Baby kriecht über den Boden.
The baby is crawling across the floor.
das Baby means the baby and über den Boden means across the floor. über den Boden is accusative because it expresses movement across a surface; the finite verb kriecht is in position two.
Die Katze ist unter das Bett gekrochen.
The cat crawled under the bed.
die Katze means the cat and unter das Bett means under the bed. sein is used because kriechen describes movement, and unter das Bett is accusative because the cat moves to a new place; the Partizip II goes to the end.
Der Hund kroch langsam durch den Tunnel.
The dog crawled slowly through the tunnel.
langsam means slowly and durch den Tunnel means through the tunnel. kroch is the strong past form of kriechen, and durch always takes the accusative.
Kriech nicht unter den Zaun!
Don’t crawl under the fence!
nicht means not and der Zaun means the fence. The informal command is kriech; unter den Zaun is accusative because the movement is towards a position under the fence.
Wenn ich könnte, kroch ich durch das kleine Loch.
If I could, I would crawl through the small hole.
wenn ich könnte means if I could, and das kleine Loch means the small hole. German often uses the simple past form kroch for this hypothetical meaning; after the introductory clause, kroch comes before the subject ich, and durch takes the accusative.
Die Schnecke wird langsam über den Stein kriechen.
The snail will slowly crawl over the stone.
die Schnecke means the snail, langsam means slowly, and der Stein means the stone. wird is in position two and the infinitive kriechen goes to the end; über den Stein is accusative because it expresses movement.

kräftig — strongly, vigorously, heavily ​

As an adverb, kräftig describes the intensity of an action, for example kräftig lachen or kräftig regnen. It does not change its form when it modifies a verb.
Die Kinder lachen kräftig.
The children are laughing loudly.
die Kinder means the children and lachen means laugh. Kräftig is an adverb modifying lachen, so it does not take an adjective ending; the finite verb is in position two.
Es regnet heute kräftig.
It is raining heavily today.
es regnet means it is raining and heute means today. Kräftig modifies regnet and remains unchanged; the finite verb regnet is in position two.

kämpfen — to fight; to struggle ​

With für or gegen, kämpfen often means working hard for or against something, not only physical fighting. The fixed phrases für etwas kämpfen and gegen etwas kämpfen both use the accusative after the preposition.
Er kämpft für seine Rechte.
He fights for his rights.
für means “for”, seine Rechte means “his rights”, and Rechte means “rights”. Für seine Rechte is an accusative prepositional phrase because für always takes the accusative; the finite verb kämpft is in position two.
Wir haben lange gekämpft.
We fought for a long time.
lange means “for a long time”. The perfect uses haben plus gekämpft because kämpfen takes haben; the participle goes to the end of the clause.
Die Mannschaft kämpfte bis zum Ende.
The team fought until the end.
die Mannschaft means “the team”, bis zum Ende means “until the end”, and Ende means “end”. The subject die Mannschaft is nominative, and the weak-verb preterite kämpfte stands in position two.
Kämpf für deine Familie!
Fight for your family!
für deine Familie means “for your family”, and Familie means “family”. Für takes the accusative, shown by deine; the imperative kämpf comes first and has no written du.
Wenn er mutiger wäre, kämpfte er weiter.
If he were braver, he would keep fighting.
wenn means “if”, mutiger means “braver”, wäre means “were”, and weiter means “on/further”. In the wenn-clause, kämpfte is the Konjunktiv II form and stands at the end; the subject er is nominative.
Sie wird für ihren Traum kämpfen.
She will fight for her dream.
wird means “will”, für ihren Traum means “for her dream”, and Traum means “dream”. Für ihren Traum is accusative because für governs the accusative; the infinitive kämpfen goes to the end after wird.

laden — to load; to charge; to invite ​

laden takes an accusative object for the thing being loaded or charged. Its perfect uses haben, and the strong forms are lädt – lud – geladen.
Wir laden die Koffer ins Auto.
We are loading the suitcases into the car.
die Koffer means the suitcases and ins Auto means into the car. die Koffer is accusative because laden takes a direct object, while ins Auto is accusative because in shows movement into a place; the finite verb laden stands in position two.
Wir haben die Koffer ins Auto geladen.
We loaded the suitcases into the car.
die Koffer means the suitcases and ins Auto means into the car. The perfect uses haben plus geladen, with geladen at the end of the clause; both die Koffer and ins Auto are accusative for the reasons described above.
Er lud das Holz auf den Anhänger.
He loaded the wood onto the trailer.
das Holz means the wood and der Anhänger is a trailer; auf den Anhänger means onto the trailer. das Holz is accusative as the direct object, and the strong-verb past form lud is in position two.
Lad bitte das Handy!
Please charge the phone!
bitte means please and das Handy means the mobile phone. Lad is the informal singular imperative, and das Handy is accusative because it is the object being charged.
Wenn er die Batterie lüde, könnten wir weiterfahren.
If he charged the battery, we could continue driving.
die Batterie means the battery and weiterfahren means to continue driving. lüde is the Konjunktiv II of laden; the finite verb goes to the end of the wenn clause, while könnten stands in position two in the main clause.
Morgen wird sie das Auto an der Station laden.
Tomorrow she will charge the car at the station.
morgen means tomorrow and an der Station means at the station. Future tense uses wird plus the infinitive laden, which goes to the end; das Auto is accusative because it is the object being charged.
Sie lädt ihre Freunde zum Essen.
She is inviting her friends to dinner.
ihre Freunde means her friends and zum Essen means to dinner. ihre Freunde is accusative because they are invited, while zum Essen contains zu with the dative; the finite verb lädt stands in position two.
Wir laden euch gern zu unserer Hochzeit.
We would be happy to invite you to our wedding.
euch means you, gern means gladly, and unsere Hochzeit means our wedding. The person invited is accusative, while zu unserer Hochzeit uses dative after zu; the finite verb laden stands in position two.

lehnen — to lean, to lean against; to rest against, to prop against ​

The common use is reflexive: sich lehnen means to lean. The fixed phrase sich an etwas lehnen uses an with the accusative when the person leans against something.
Ich lehne mich an die Wand.
I lean against the wall.
die Wand is the wall, and sich anlehnen means to lean against something. Mich is accusative because the reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject ich, and an die Wand is accusative because it expresses movement or direction toward the wall; the finite verb lehne is in position two.
Wir haben uns an den Zaun gelehnt.
We leaned against the fence.
der Zaun is the fence, and sich anlehnen means to lean against something. Uns is accusative as the reflexive pronoun, while an den Zaun is accusative because it indicates the supporting object; haben is in position two and gelehnt goes to the end.
Er lehnte sich müde zurück.
He leaned back tiredly.
müde means tired and zurücklehnen means to lean back. Sich is accusative because the verb is reflexive, and lehnte is in position two in the simple past; zurück here describes the direction of the leaning.
Lehn dich bitte an die Wand!
Please lean against the wall!
bitte means please and die Wand is the wall. Lehn is the singular imperative, and dich is required as the accusative reflexive pronoun; an die Wand is accusative because it expresses direction toward the wall.
Ich würde mich gern zurücklehnen.
I would like to lean back.
gern means gladly or would like to, and zurücklehnen means to lean back. Mich is accusative because the verb is reflexive; würde stands in position two and the infinitive zurücklehnen goes to the end.
Im Zug wird sie sich bald zurücklehnen.
On the train, she will soon lean back.
der Zug is the train, bald means soon, and zurücklehnen means to lean back. Sich is the accusative reflexive pronoun, while wird is in position two and the infinitive goes to the end in the future.
Sie lehnt den Kopf auf ihre Hand.
She rests her head on her hand.
der Kopf is the head and die Hand is the hand. Den Kopf is accusative because it is the object of lehnen, while auf ihre Hand is accusative because it expresses direction toward the supporting hand; lehnt is in position two.
Er lehnte das Fahrrad an die Hauswand.
He leaned the bicycle against the wall of the house.
das Fahrrad is the bicycle and die Hauswand is the wall of the house. Das Fahrrad is accusative as the object, and an die Hauswand is accusative because the bicycle is moved into a position against the wall.

lenken — to steer; to direct, guide ​

Lenken takes an accusative object when you steer or direct something: etwas lenken. It can also take the fixed pattern die Aufmerksamkeit auf etwas lenken, with auf plus accusative for the target.
Sie lenkt das Auto vorsichtig durch die enge Straße.
She carefully steers the car through the narrow street.
das Auto is the car, vorsichtig means carefully, and die enge Straße means the narrow street. das Auto is accusative because lenken takes a direct object; the finite verb lenkt is in position two.
Wir haben den Wagen sicher gelenkt.
We steered the car safely.
der Wagen means the car, and sicher means safely. den Wagen is accusative because lenken takes an accusative object; haben is in position two and gelenkt goes to the end.
Der Fahrer lenkte den Bus um das Hindernis.
The driver steered the bus around the obstacle.
Der Fahrer is the driver, der Bus is the bus, and das Hindernis is the obstacle. den Bus is accusative as the direct object, and the simple-past verb lenkte stands in position two.
Lenk das Fahrrad nicht so nah an die Mauer!
Don’t steer the bicycle so close to the wall!
das Fahrrad is the bicycle, nicht so nah means not so close, and die Mauer is the wall. The imperative lenk addresses du; das Fahrrad is accusative, while an die Mauer expresses direction and therefore also takes the accusative.
Ich würde den Blick auf die Lösung lenken.
I would direct attention to the solution.
der Blick means the gaze or attention, and die Lösung means the solution. den Blick is accusative because it is the object of lenken; in the conditional, würde is in position two and the infinitive lenken goes to the end.
Der neue Weg lenkt den Verkehr um das Zentrum.
The new road will divert traffic around the city centre.
der neue Weg means the new road, der Verkehr means traffic, and das Zentrum means the city centre. den Verkehr is accusative because it is the object of lenken; in the future, wird would stand in position two and lenken would go to the end, but this present tense also expresses a planned future.

marschieren — to march ​

marschieren is used especially for soldiers or an organised group. It is a weak verb, and its perfect normally uses sein because it describes movement: ist marschiert.
Die Soldaten marschieren durch die Stadt.
The soldiers are marching through the city.
Die Soldaten means the soldiers, and durch die Stadt means through the city. durch forces the accusative, and the finite verb marschieren stands in position two.
Die Soldaten sind lange marschiert.
The soldiers marched for a long time.
lange means for a long time. marschiert is the Partizip II and pairs with sind, not haben, because the soldiers are moving; the auxiliary is in position two and the participle goes to the end.
Die Soldaten marschierten den ganzen Tag.
The soldiers marched all day.
den ganzen Tag means all day. marschierten is the regular preterite form, and the finite verb stands in position two.
Marschier nicht so schnell!
Don’t march so fast!
nicht means not, and so schnell means so fast. Marschier is the du imperative, so the subject du is omitted.
Wenn es nicht regnen würde, marschierte ich weiter.
If it were not raining, I would march on.
Wenn means if, regnen means rain, and weiter means on or further. In this unreal condition, the weak-verb Konjunktiv II has the same form as the preterite marschierte; the finite verb goes to the end of the wenn clause.
Morgen wird die Gruppe zehn Kilometer marschieren.
Tomorrow the group will march ten kilometres.
morgen means tomorrow, die Gruppe means the group, and zehn Kilometer means ten kilometres. wird is the finite form of werden in position two, while the infinitive marschieren goes to the end.

mitgehen — to go along, to come along; to join in, to come along ​

Mitgehen is mainly used for going along with another person or group, often on foot. In a main clause it splits as geht ... mit, but after a modal or in a subordinate clause it stays together.
Meine Freundin geht heute mit uns mit.
My girlfriend is going along with us today.
Meine Freundin means my girlfriend, and heute means today. Mit uns means with us and mit requires the dative; the verb is split as geht ... mit.
Er ist nach der Arbeit mit uns mitgegangen.
He went along with us after work.
Nach der Arbeit means after work, and mit uns means with us. Both prepositions take the dative here; ist is in position two and mitgegangen goes to the end because the verb uses sein.
Lisa ging zum Markt mit.
Lisa went along to the market.
Zum Markt means to the market. The irregular past form is ging, and the prefix mit is placed at the end of the main clause.
Geh bitte mit!
Please come along!
Bitte means please. The informal imperative is geh, and the prefix mit stands at the end, so the two parts must not be joined.
Ich würde gern mit euch mitgehen.
I would like to go along with you.
Gern means gladly or would like to, and mit euch means with you plural. The infinitive mitgehen remains together after würde, and euch is dative after mit.
Wir werden später zum Bahnhof mitgehen.
We will go along to the station later.
Später means later, and der Bahnhof is the train station. Zum Bahnhof shows the destination; werden is in position two and mitgehen goes to the end.
Willst du zum See mitgehen?
Do you want to come along to the lake?
Willst du means do you want to, and der See here means the lake. The infinitive mitgehen comes at the end after willst, and zum See marks the destination.
Die Kinder gingen beim Ausflug mit.
The children joined in on the outing.
Die Kinder means the children, and der Ausflug is the outing or trip. Beim Ausflug means during the outing and contains dative bei dem; the past verb splits as gingen ... mit.

der Pfeil — arrow ​

Pfeil is also used for an arrow symbol on a sign or screen. The plural is Pfeile, without an umlaut.
Der Pfeil fliegt durch die Luft.
The arrow flies through the air.
fliegt means flies, durch means through, and die Luft means the air. Der Pfeil is nominative because it is the subject; durch die Luft is accusative because durch always takes the accusative.
Der Schütze nimmt den Pfeil.
The archer takes the arrow.
der Schütze means the archer, and nimmt means takes. Den Pfeil is accusative because nehmen takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Ich folge dem Pfeil auf der Karte.
I follow the arrow on the map.
folgen means to follow, and die Karte means the map. Dem Pfeil is dative because folgen governs the dative, while auf der Karte is also dative because it describes a fixed location.
Die Spitze des Pfeils ist sehr scharf.
The tip of the arrow is very sharp.
die Spitze means the tip, and scharf means sharp. Des Pfeils is genitive because it shows that the tip belongs to the arrow; the masculine noun adds -s, and ist is in position two.
Die Pfeile zeigen auf das Ziel.
The arrows point at the target.
zeigen means point or show, auf means at here, and das Ziel means the target. Pfeile is plural and therefore takes zeigen; auf das Ziel is accusative because the arrows point toward a target.

die Position — position; place; opinion; standpoint ​

For a physical place, Position means a position or location. It can also refer to an opinion or standpoint; context usually makes the meaning clear.
Die Position ist bequem.
The position is comfortable.
ist means is and bequem means comfortable. Die Position is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich ändere die Position des Stuhls.
I am changing the position of the chair.
ändere means change and der Stuhl means the chair. die Position is accusative because ändern takes a direct object; des Stuhls is genitive and means of the chair.
Er bleibt in der Position.
He stays in the position.
bleibt means stays. in der Position is dative because in describes a fixed location here, not movement into it; the finite verb bleibt is in position two.
Die Bedeutung der Position ist klar.
The meaning of the position is clear.
die Bedeutung means the meaning and klar means clear. der Position is genitive because it identifies whose meaning is meant; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Die Positionen der Spieler sind unterschiedlich.
The players' positions are different.
die Spieler means the players and unterschiedlich means different. Die Positionen is the plural subject, while der Spieler is genitive and means of the players.
Sie erklärt ihre Position zu diesem Thema.
She explains her position on this topic.
erklärt means explains, ihre means her, and dieses Thema means this topic. ihre Position is accusative because erklären takes a direct object; zu diesem Thema uses zu with the dative.
Wir kennen seine Position noch nicht.
We do not know his position yet.
kennen means know, seine means his, and noch nicht means not yet. seine Position is accusative because kennen takes a direct object, while nicht negates the statement.

raus — out, outside ​

Raus is the colloquial shortened form of heraus or hinaus. It is common in speech and informal writing; use heraus or hinaus in more formal language.
Komm raus, die Sonne scheint!
Come outside, the sun is shining!
die Sonne means the sun, and scheint means is shining. Raus describes movement out of an implied place, while the imperative Komm comes first; the comma joins two main clauses.
Der Hund läuft raus, sobald ich die Tür öffne.
The dog runs out as soon as I open the door.
der Hund is the dog, läuft means runs, sobald means as soon as, and die Tür is the door. Raus follows the verb in the main clause; in the subordinate clause, the finite verb öffne goes to the end.

die Richtung — direction, way ​

In in Richtung Berlin, Richtung normally has no article and is followed by a place name. Do not confuse Richtung with Seite: Richtung focuses on the way or course, while Seite means side.
Die Richtung ist auf dem Schild angegeben.
The direction is given on the sign.
das Schild is a sign, and angegeben means given or indicated. Die Richtung is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist is in position two, while angegeben stands at the end as part of the passive construction.
Ich kenne die Richtung nicht.
I do not know the direction.
kennen means to know or be familiar with, and nicht means not. Die Richtung is accusative because kennen takes a direct object; the finite verb kenne is in position two.
Wir folgen der Richtung zum Bahnhof.
We follow the direction to the railway station.
folgen means to follow, and der Bahnhof is the railway station. Der Richtung is dative because folgen governs the dative; zum Bahnhof means “to the railway station” and gives the destination.
Die Farbe der Richtung ist auf der Karte markiert.
The colour of the direction is marked on the map.
die Farbe is the colour, die Karte is the map, and markiert means marked. Der Richtung is genitive because it expresses whose direction it is; the finite verb ist remains in position two.
Die Richtungen sind deutlich beschriftet.
The directions are clearly labelled.
deutlich means clearly, and beschriftet means labelled. Richtungen is plural and therefore takes sind; as the subject, it is nominative.

rollen — to roll; to roll over, to roll around ​

rollen can be intransitive, as in a ball rolling, or transitive with an accusative object, as in rolling a ball. Movement with sein is common in the perfect, while deliberate handling can use haben.
Der Ball rollt über den Boden.
The ball is rolling across the floor.
Der Ball means the ball, and der Boden means the floor. Über den Boden is accusative because it describes movement across a surface; the finite verb rollt is in position two.
Der Ball ist unter den Tisch gerollt.
The ball rolled under the table.
unter den Tisch means under the table, and the movement is toward that place. Gerollt pairs with sein because movement is expressed, and unter den Tisch is accusative because it shows direction.
Der Apfel rollte auf die Straße.
The apple rolled into the street.
Der Apfel means the apple, and die Straße means the street. Auf die Straße is accusative because the apple moves onto it; the weak past form rollte is in position two.
Roll den Ball zu mir!
Roll the ball to me!
den Ball means the ball, and zu mir means to me. Roll is the informal singular imperative; the accusative object follows the command, while zu takes the dative.
Wenn du den Stein rollen würdest, wäre es gefährlich.
If you rolled the stone, it would be dangerous.
der Stein means the stone, and gefährlich means dangerous. In the wenn clause, the infinitive rollen stands at the end; würdest expresses the hypothetical meaning and wäre is the Konjunktiv II of sein.
Der Wagen wird morgen den Hügel hinunter rollen.
The vehicle will roll down the hill tomorrow.
der Wagen means the vehicle, morgen means tomorrow, and der Hügel means the hill. In the future, wird is in position two and the infinitive rollen goes to the end.
Das Kind rollt sich vor Lachen auf dem Boden.
The child is rolling around on the floor laughing.
Das Kind means the child, vor Lachen means with laughter, and auf dem Boden means on the floor. Sich is reflexive accusative, while auf dem Boden is dative because it describes a location, not movement toward it.
Bitte roll dich auf die Seite.
Please roll onto your side.
Bitte means please, and auf die Seite means onto your side. Roll dich is the informal singular imperative with a reflexive accusative pronoun; auf die Seite is accusative because it shows direction.

rutschen — to slide, to slip ​

For movement, rutschen commonly forms the perfect with sein: ist gerutscht. In some contexts describing an activity rather than a change of position, haben is also possible.
Das Kind rutscht auf dem Eis.
The child is slipping on the ice.
das Kind means child, auf dem Eis means on the ice, and Eis is ice. The finite verb rutscht stands in position two; auf takes the dative here because the sentence describes a location, not movement onto the ice.
Das Kind ist auf dem Eis gerutscht.
The child slipped on the ice.
das Kind means child and das Eis means ice. Ist is the auxiliary sein, and gerutscht goes to the end; sein is used here because the verb describes movement.
Das Kind rutschte auf dem nassen Boden aus.
The child slipped on the wet floor.
nass means wet, der Boden means floor, and ausrutschen means to slip. Rutschte is the regular Präteritum form in position two; the word aus belongs to the separate verb ausrutschen, not to rutschen itself.
Rutsch nicht so schnell!
Don’t slide so fast!
nicht means not and so schnell means so fast. Rutsch is the informal singular imperative, so the subject du is left out; the exclamation mark is punctuation, not part of the verb form.
Wenn du vorsichtig wärst, rutschtest du nicht aus.
If you were careful, you would not slip.
vorsichtig means careful and ausrutschen means to slip. Wärst and rutschtest express an unreal condition; the finite verb wärst goes to the end of the wenn clause, while rutschtest follows the comma in position two.
Du wirst morgen auf der neuen Rutsche rutschen.
You will slide on the new slide tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow, neu means new, and die Rutsche is a slide. Wirst is the finite future auxiliary in position two, while the infinitive rutschen goes to the end of the clause.

räumen — to clear, to tidy; to evacuate, to clear ​

Räumen can mean removing objects from a place or making a place tidy. For tidying a room, German often uses the separable verb aufräumen, whose prefix auf moves to the end of a main clause.
Ich räume jeden Abend die Küche.
I clear the kitchen every evening.
jeden Abend means every evening, and die Küche is the kitchen. The finite verb räume stands in position two, and die Küche is accusative because räumen takes a direct object.
Wir haben nach dem Essen den Tisch geräumt.
We cleared the table after the meal.
nach dem Essen means after the meal, and den Tisch is the table. The perfect uses haben plus geräumt at the end; den Tisch is accusative because räumen takes a direct object.
Sie räumte das Büro am Freitag.
She cleared the office on Friday.
das Büro is the office, and am Freitag means on Friday. Räumte is the regular simple-past form and stands in position two; das Büro is accusative as the object.
Räum bitte deinen Schreibtisch!
Please clear your desk!
bitte means please, and deinen Schreibtisch is your desk. The imperative räum comes first and the subject du is omitted; deinen Schreibtisch is accusative because it is what must be cleared.
Ich würde gern den Keller räumen, aber ich habe keine Zeit.
I would like to clear the basement, but I have no time.
gern means gladly or would like to, der Keller is the basement, and keine Zeit means no time. The Konjunktiv II form würde carries the hypothetical meaning, while räumen stays at the end of its clause; den Keller is accusative.
Morgen räume ich den Dachboden.
Tomorrow I will clear the attic.
morgen means tomorrow, and der Dachboden is the attic. This sentence uses the present for a planned future action; the finite verb räume stands in position two, and den Dachboden is accusative because it is the object.
Die Polizei räumt das Gebäude.
The police are evacuating the building.
die Polizei means the police, and das Gebäude is the building. The finite verb räumt stands in position two, and das Gebäude is accusative because it is the place being cleared.
Wegen des Feuers mussten alle Besucher den Saal räumen.
Because of the fire, all visitors had to leave the hall.
wegen des Feuers means because of the fire, alle Besucher means all visitors, and der Saal is the hall. The modal mussten is in position two and sends the infinitive räumen to the end; den Saal is accusative.

rückwärts — backwards, in reverse ​

Rückwärts describes movement towards the back or in reverse. It is an adverb, so it does not take an adjective ending and normally comes after the verb or near the movement it describes.
Bitte gehen Sie einen Schritt rückwärts.
Please take one step backwards.
bitte means please, gehen means go or walk, and einen Schritt means one step. Rückwärts is an adverb modifying the movement; the formal imperative gehen Sie keeps the verb before the subject.
Der Hund läuft rückwärts aus dem Zimmer.
The dog walks backwards out of the room.
der Hund means the dog, läuft means runs or walks, and aus dem Zimmer means out of the room. Rückwärts describes the direction of movement, while aus dem Zimmer uses the dative after aus; the finite verb läuft is in position two.

schieben — to push, to move by pushing; to shift ​

Schieben is a strong verb with the principal parts schieben – schob – hat geschoben. It can describe physical movement and, in expressions such as die Verantwortung auf jemanden schieben, shifting blame or responsibility; the destination after auf takes the accusative when direction is meant.
Er schiebt den Wagen in die Küche.
He pushes the cart into the kitchen.
er means “he,” den Wagen means “the cart,” and in die Küche means “into the kitchen.” Den Wagen is accusative because it is the object; in die Küche is accusative because it expresses movement into a place, and schiebt is in position two.
Sie hat den Tisch ans Fenster geschoben.
She pushed the table to the window.
den Tisch means “the table,” and ans Fenster means “to the window.” The perfect uses hat ... geschoben because schieben takes haben; ans means an das, and the destination is accusative.
Der Hausmeister schob die schweren Kisten in den Keller.
The caretaker pushed the heavy boxes into the cellar.
der Hausmeister means “the caretaker,” schwere Kisten means “heavy boxes,” and der Keller means “the cellar.” Schob is the strong preterite, while die schweren Kisten is accusative and in den Keller is accusative because it shows direction.
Schieb den Stuhl bitte zur Seite!
Please push the chair to the side!
den Stuhl means “the chair,” bitte means “please,” and zur Seite means “to the side.” Schieb is the du imperative, and den Stuhl is accusative because it is the object being moved.
Ich würde das Auto nicht schieben, wenn der Motor funktioniert.
I would not push the car if the engine worked.
das Auto means “the car,” nicht means “not,” and der Motor funktioniert means “the engine works.” Würde ... schieben expresses a hypothetical action, with schieben at the end of the main clause; the object das Auto is accusative.
Wenn es schneit, werde ich das Fahrrad nach Hause schieben.
If it snows, I will push the bicycle home.
wenn es schneit means “if it snows,” das Fahrrad means “the bicycle,” and nach Hause means “home.” In the future, werde is the finite verb and schieben goes to the end; the subordinate-clause verb schneit also stands at the end of its clause.
Der Junge schiebt die Verantwortung auf seinen Bruder.
The boy shifts the responsibility onto his brother.
der Junge means “the boy,” die Verantwortung means “the responsibility,” and sein Bruder means “his brother.” In the expression die Verantwortung auf jemanden schieben, auf takes the accusative because responsibility is shifted onto someone; schiebt is in position two.

schlagen — to hit, to strike; to strike, to chime ​

In its basic physical meaning, schlagen takes an accusative object: jemanden/etwas schlagen. The strong-verb forms are schlägt - schlug - hat geschlagen.
Der Junge schlägt den Ball.
The boy hits the ball.
der Junge means the boy and der Ball means the ball. Den Ball is accusative because schlagen takes a direct object, while finite schlägt stands in position two.
Sie hat ihren Bruder geschlagen.
She hit her brother.
ihren Bruder means her brother. Geschlagen is the Partizip II and pairs with haben; the auxiliary hat is in position two and the participle goes to the end, with ihren Bruder in the accusative.
Der Hund schlug gegen die Tür.
The dog hit the door.
der Hund means the dog and die Tür means the door. Schlug is the strong-verb preterite; gegen always takes the accusative, so die Tür keeps that form.
Schlag nicht so fest!
Don’t hit so hard!
nicht means not and so fest means so hard. Schlag is the du imperative and comes first; the subject pronoun is normally omitted in a command.
Wenn er mich schlägt, würde ich gehen.
If he hit me, I would leave.
wenn means if, mich means me, and würde ich gehen means I would leave. In the wenn clause, finite schlägt goes to the end; mich is accusative because schlagen takes a direct object.
Er wird den Gegner schlagen.
He will hit the opponent.
der Gegner means the opponent. Den Gegner is accusative because it is the object, while wird is in position two and the infinitive schlagen goes to the end.
Die Uhr schlägt zwölf.
The clock strikes twelve.
die Uhr means the clock and zwölf means twelve. Zwölf is an accusative time expression after schlagen; the finite verb schlägt stands in position two.
Um Mitternacht hat die Glocke geschlagen.
The bell struck at midnight.
um Mitternacht means at midnight and die Glocke means the bell. Hat geschlagen forms the perfect with haben; hat is in position two and geschlagen goes at the end.

schleichen — to creep, to sneak; to pass slowly ​

The movement verb schleichen normally takes sein in the perfect: ist geschlichen. With sich an jemanden heranschleichen, the reflexive pronoun is accusative and the target after an is also accusative for movement toward it.
Der Fuchs schleicht durch den Garten.
The fox is creeping through the garden.
der Fuchs is the fox, and durch den Garten means through the garden. Durch takes the accusative, shown by den Garten; the finite verb schleicht is in position two.
Der Fuchs ist durch den Garten geschlichen.
The fox crept through the garden.
der Fuchs is the fox, and durch den Garten means through the garden. The perfect uses ist because schleichen describes movement, while geschlichen stands at the end.
Der Fuchs schlich lautlos durch den Garten.
The fox crept silently through the garden.
lautlos means silently, and durch den Garten means through the garden. Schlich is the strong simple-past form; the finite verb is in position two, while durch takes the accusative.
Schleich dich leise ins Zimmer!
Creep quietly into the room!
dich means yourself, leise means quietly, and ins Zimmer means into the room. This is the du imperative; ins is in das, and the accusative marks movement into the room.
Wenn ich vorsichtig wäre, schliche ich mich an den Vogel heran.
If I were careful, I would creep up to the bird.
vorsichtig means careful, der Vogel is the bird, and sich heranschleichen means creep up. The wenn clause sends wäre to the end, while schliche is the Konjunktiv II form in the main clause; an den Vogel is accusative after movement toward the bird.
Die Katze wird sich morgen durch das Haus schleichen.
The cat will creep through the house tomorrow.
die Katze is the cat, morgen means tomorrow, and durch das Haus means through the house. Future uses wird in position two and sends the infinitive schleichen to the end; durch takes the accusative.
Die Zeit schleicht dahin.
Time is passing slowly.
die Zeit is time, and dahin means away or onward in this expression. The verb is used figuratively; the finite verb schleicht stands in position two, while dahin remains separate as part of the expression.
Der Nachmittag ist langsam geschlichen.
The afternoon passed slowly.
der Nachmittag is the afternoon, and langsam means slowly. The perfect uses ist because the idea is movement or passing; the participle geschlichen goes at the end.

schleppen — to drag, to haul, to lug; to drag oneself ​

Schleppen often suggests that the object is heavy, awkward, or tiring to move. It can also be reflexive, as in sich schleppen, meaning to move with difficulty; the normal transitive object is accusative.
Er schleppt die schweren Taschen nach Hause.
He is hauling the heavy bags home.
schwere Taschen means heavy bags, and nach Hause means home. Die schweren Taschen is accusative because schleppen takes a direct object; the finite verb schleppt is in position two.
Er hat die schweren Taschen nach Hause geschleppt.
He hauled the heavy bags home.
schwere Taschen means heavy bags, and nach Hause means home. The perfect uses hat, and the Partizip II geschleppt stands at the end; the bags are the accusative object.
Sie schleppte den großen Karton die Treppe hinauf.
She hauled the large box up the stairs.
der große Karton is the large box, and die Treppe hinauf means up the stairs. Den großen Karton is accusative as the direct object; schleppte is the regular simple-past form.
Schlepp die Kisten nicht allein!
Do not haul the crates by yourself!
die Kisten are the crates, and allein means alone or by yourself. This is the du imperative; die Kisten is accusative, and nicht comes before the word or phrase it negates.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, schleppte ich die Möbel selbst.
If I had more time, I would haul the furniture myself.
mehr Zeit means more time, die Möbel means the furniture, and selbst means myself. The wenn clause sends hätte to the end; schleppte expresses the unreal result, with die Möbel as the accusative object.
Wir werden die Kisten morgen schleppen.
We will haul the crates tomorrow.
die Kisten are the crates, and morgen means tomorrow. Werden is the finite future auxiliary in position two, while schleppen goes to the end; the crates are accusative.
Nach der langen Reise schleppt er sich ins Bett.
After the long journey, he drags himself to bed.
nach der langen Reise means after the long journey, and ins Bett means into bed. Sich is accusative because the person moves himself; in takes the accusative ins here because it expresses movement into the bed.
Die kranke Frau hat sich müde nach Hause geschleppt.
The sick woman dragged herself home tiredly.
die kranke Frau is the sick woman, müde means tired, and nach Hause means home. The perfect uses hat even though the sentence describes movement, because schleppen is transitive with the reflexive object sich; geschleppt stands at the end.

der Schritt — step; pace; step, measure, stage ​

A Schritt can be one movement when walking, or a stage in a process. The fixed expression Schritt für Schritt means step by step.
Der Schritt ist zu groß.
The step is too big.
zu groß means too big. Der Schritt is nominative because it is the subject, and the linking verb ist stands in position two.
Mach den Schritt langsam.
Take the step slowly.
Mach means make or take, and langsam means slowly. Den Schritt is accusative because machen takes a direct object.
Nach dem Schritt blieb sie stehen.
After the step, she stopped.
Nach means after, blieb means stayed, and stehen means standing. Dem Schritt is dative because nach always takes the dative; the finite verb blieb is in position two.
Die Länge des Schrittes ist wichtig.
The length of the step is important.
Die Länge means the length and wichtig means important. Des Schrittes is genitive to show what the length belongs to; the noun has the ending -es.
Einige Schritte sind noch nötig.
A few more steps are still necessary.
Einige means a few, noch means still, and nötig means necessary. Schritte is plural and nominative as the subject; sind is the plural form of sein.
Der nächste Schritt ist ein Gespräch.
The next step is a conversation.
Der nächste means the next, and ein Gespräch means a conversation. Der nächste Schritt is nominative as the subject; the linking verb ist connects it with ein Gespräch.
Wir müssen weitere Schritte planen.
We have to plan further steps.
müssen means have to, weitere means further, and planen means plan. Weitere Schritte is accusative after planen; the infinitive goes to the end after the modal verb.

schütteln — to shake ​

Schütteln normally takes an accusative object, as in eine Flasche schütteln. For shaking one’s head, German uses den Kopf schütteln, not a literal translation with Kopf in another case.
Ich schüttle die Flasche vor dem Öffnen.
I shake the bottle before opening it.
die Flasche is the bottle, vor dem Öffnen means before opening, and öffnen means to open. Die Flasche is accusative because schütteln takes a direct object, and the finite verb schüttle is in position two.
Sie hat den Saft gut geschüttelt.
She shook the juice well.
der Saft is the juice and gut means well. Den Saft is accusative because it is the object; the perfect uses hat plus geschüttelt, with the Partizip II at the end.
Er schüttelte den Kopf und sagte nichts.
He shook his head and said nothing.
der Kopf is the head, sagen means to say, and nichts means nothing. Den Kopf is accusative because it is the object, and schüttelte is the simple past finite verb in position two.
Schüttel die Dose vor dem Gebrauch.
Shake the can before use.
die Dose is the can, vor dem Gebrauch means before use, and Gebrauch means use. Schüttel is a direct du command, so the subject is omitted; the object die Dose is accusative.
Ich würde den Kopf schütteln, wenn ich das hörte.
I would shake my head if I heard that.
würde means would, wenn means if, and hören means to hear. Den Kopf is accusative because it is the object; the infinitive schütteln follows würde at the end of the main clause.
Morgen werde ich die Flasche wieder schütteln.
Tomorrow I will shake the bottle again.
morgen means tomorrow and wieder means again. Die Flasche is accusative because it is the direct object; werde is in position two and the infinitive schütteln goes to the end.

sinken — to sink, to go down; to fall, to decrease ​

For a movement or change of state, the perfect is formed with sein, as in ist gesunken. For a fall in a number or amount, the perfect also normally uses sein.
Der Stein sinkt langsam im Wasser.
The stone is sinking slowly in the water.
der Stein means the stone, langsam means slowly, and das Wasser means water. Im Wasser is dative because in describes a location here; the finite verb sinkt stands in position two.
Das Boot ist nach dem Unfall gesunken.
The boat sank after the accident.
das Boot means the boat, nach dem Unfall means after the accident, and der Unfall is an accident. The perfect uses ist gesunken with sein because the boat changed position; ist is in position two and gesunken goes at the end.
Der Ballon sank langsam zu Boden.
The balloon sank slowly to the ground.
der Ballon means the balloon, langsam means slowly, and zu Boden means to the ground. Sank is the strong past form, not a form with -te, and the finite verb is in position two.
Sink nicht so tief!
Don’t sink so deep!
nicht so tief means not so deep. Sink is the singular du imperative, so the subject is normally omitted; the exclamation mark belongs to the sentence, not to the dictionary form.
Wenn der Preis weiter sänke, könnten sich viele Menschen das Haus leisten.
If the price sank further, many people could afford the house.
der Preis means the price, weiter means further, sich etwas leisten means to afford something, and viele Menschen means many people. Sänke is the Konjunktiv II of sinken; it stands at the end of the wenn clause, while könnten is in position two in the main clause.
Das Schiff wird im Sturm sinken.
The ship will sink in the storm.
das Schiff means the ship, der Sturm means the storm, and im Sturm means in the storm. Wird is in position two and the infinitive sinken goes to the end; the future can express a prediction.
Im Winter sinkt die Temperatur unter null Grad.
In winter, the temperature falls below zero degrees.
im Winter means in winter, die Temperatur means the temperature, and unter null Grad means below zero degrees. The finite verb sinkt stays in position two even though the time phrase comes first; unter takes accusative for movement toward a level.
Die Nachfrage nach dem Produkt sinkt.
Demand for the product is falling.
die Nachfrage means demand and das Produkt means the product. Nach takes the dative, so dem Produkt is dative; the intransitive verb has no accusative object.

spitz — sharp; pointed; sarcastic; biting ​

Spitz describes a sharp point or a pointed shape, as in a pencil or hat. It can also describe a person’s tone as biting or sarcastic, but the physical meaning is the basic one.
Der Bleistift ist spitz.
The pencil is sharp.
der Bleistift is the pencil and ist means is. Spitz is predicative after sein, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Sie trägt einen spitzen Hut.
She is wearing a pointed hat.
trägt means wears and der Hut is the hat. Einen spitzen Hut is accusative because tragen takes a direct object; spitzen has -en after the accusative masculine article einen.
Dieses Messer ist spitzer als das alte.
This knife is sharper than the old one.
dieses Messer means this knife and das alte means the old one. Spitzer compares two knives and is followed by als; after sein, the comparative is predicative and has no adjective ending.
Das ist der spitzeste Berg auf der Karte.
That is the most pointed mountain on the map.
der Berg is the mountain and auf der Karte means on the map. Spitzeste is attributive after the definite masculine nominative article der, so it takes -e; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Er macht eine spitze Bemerkung.
He makes a sarcastic remark.
macht means makes, and eine Bemerkung is a remark. Eine spitze Bemerkung is accusative because machen takes a direct object; spitze has the feminine accusative ending -e after eine.
Ihre Antwort klingt spitz.
Her answer sounds sarcastic.
ihre Antwort means her answer and klingt means sounds. Spitz is predicative after klingen, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb klingt is in position two.

starten — to start, to launch; to take off ​

For a machine or programme, starten is often used without an object or with an accusative object such as den Computer. The perfect uses haben: hat gestartet.
Der Computer startet schnell.
The computer starts quickly.
der Computer means the computer, and schnell means quickly. The finite verb startet is in position two, while schnell describes how the action happens.
Wir haben das Programm gestartet.
We started the programme.
wir means we, and das Programm means the programme. Das Programm is accusative because starten can take a direct object; the auxiliary haben is in position two and gestartet goes to the end.
Der Film startete um acht Uhr.
The film started at eight o’clock.
der Film means the film, and um acht Uhr means at eight o’clock. The weak past form startete is the finite verb in position two; um introduces the time expression.
Starte bitte den Download!
Please start the download!
bitte means please, and der Download means the download. Starte is the informal singular imperative; the accusative object den Download follows the verb, and du is omitted.
Ich würde jetzt den Drucker starten.
I would start the printer now.
ich means I, jetzt means now, and der Drucker means the printer. Würde plus the infinitive starten expresses a hypothetical action; the accusative object den Drucker follows the verb phrase.
Die Maschine wird morgen starten.
The machine will start tomorrow.
die Maschine means the machine, and morgen means tomorrow. Wird is the finite form of werden in position two, while the infinitive starten goes to the end.
Das Flugzeug startet um zehn Uhr.
The plane takes off at ten o’clock.
das Flugzeug means the plane, and um zehn Uhr means at ten o’clock. Here starten means take off and is intransitive, so it has no accusative object.
Unser Flugzeug ist pünktlich gestartet.
Our plane took off on time.
unser Flugzeug means our plane, and pünktlich means on time. Movement away from a place commonly takes sein in the perfect here: ist gestartet; the Partizip II stands at the end.

stecken — to be stuck/in; to put or stick into ​

Stecken has two closely related patterns: something can be located somewhere, as in im Schloss stecken, or someone can put something somewhere, as in den Schlüssel ins Schloss stecken. In the second pattern, the thing put is accusative and a destination with in takes accusative.
Der Schlüssel steckt im Schloss.
The key is in the lock.
der Schlüssel is the key, and das Schloss is the lock. Im Schloss is dative because in describes a fixed location; finite steckt is in position two.
Der Schlüssel hat im Schloss gesteckt.
The key was in the lock.
der Schlüssel is the key, and das Schloss is the lock. The perfect uses hat plus gesteckt, which goes to the end; im Schloss is dative because the key is located there.
Der Schlüssel steckte im Schloss.
The key was in the lock.
der Schlüssel is the key, and das Schloss is the lock. Im Schloss is dative for a fixed location, and steckte is the weak simple-past form in position two.
Steck den Schlüssel ins Schloss!
Put the key in the lock!
der Schlüssel is the key, and ins Schloss means into the lock. Den Schlüssel is accusative as the object, while ins Schloss is accusative because in expresses movement into a place; the imperative steck comes first.
Ich steckte den Brief in die Tasche, wenn ich ihn nicht brauchte.
I would put the letter in the bag when I didn't need it.
der Brief is the letter, die Tasche is the bag, and brauchen means need. Den Brief is accusative as the direct object and in die Tasche is accusative for movement; here the past form steckte also has the same spelling as the Konjunktiv II, which is understood from context.
Ich werde das Buch in den Rucksack stecken.
I will put the book in the backpack.
das Buch is the book, and der Rucksack is the backpack. Das Buch is accusative as the object, and in den Rucksack is accusative because it shows movement into it; stecken goes to the end after werde.

steigen — to climb, rise; to get on ​

Steigen uses sein in the perfect when it describes movement or a change of level: ist gestiegen. Direction is often shown with a two-way preposition such as auf or in plus the accusative, while a fixed location takes the dative.
Wir steigen auf den Berg.
We are climbing the mountain.
wir means we, and der Berg is the mountain. Auf den Berg is accusative because auf describes movement towards a destination; the finite verb steigen is in position two.
Sie ist in den Zug gestiegen.
She got on the train.
sie means she, and der Zug is the train. Ist is used with gestiegen because the verb describes movement; in den Zug is accusative because it answers the direction question “where to?”.
Er stieg langsam die Treppe hinauf.
He slowly climbed the stairs.
langsam means slowly, and die Treppe is the staircase or stairs. Stieg is the strong Präteritum of steigen; the direction particle hinauf means upwards and comes at the end.
Steig in den Bus!
Get on the bus!
in den Bus means onto the bus, and der Bus is the bus. Steig is the du imperative; den Bus is accusative because in expresses movement into or onto something.
Wenn die Preise weiter stiegen, könnten wir nicht mehr einkaufen.
If prices continued to rise, we might no longer be able to shop.
die Preise are prices, weiter means further or continuing, and einkaufen means to shop. Stiegen is Konjunktiv II in this sentence; the verb goes to the end of the wenn clause, and könnten introduces the possible result.
Die Temperatur wird morgen auf dreißig Grad steigen.
The temperature will rise to thirty degrees tomorrow.
die Temperatur is the temperature, morgen means tomorrow, and dreißig Grad means thirty degrees. Wird is the finite future auxiliary in position two, while steigen goes to the end; auf dreißig Grad gives the resulting level.

stoppen — to stop, to halt; to interrupt, to stop ​

For stopping something, use an accusative object such as den Bus. The verb can also be used without an object when a vehicle or person stops.
Der Fahrer stoppt den Bus.
The driver stops the bus.
der Fahrer is the driver and den Bus is the bus. Den Bus is accusative because stoppen takes a direct object, and the finite verb stoppt stands in position two.
Die Polizei hat das Auto gestoppt.
The police stopped the car.
die Polizei means the police and das Auto means the car. The perfect uses hat plus gestoppt with haben, and the participle goes to the end of the clause.
Der Zug stoppte plötzlich.
The train stopped suddenly.
der Zug means the train and plötzlich means suddenly. Stoppte is the regular preterite, and the finite verb is in position two.
Stopp den Wagen!
Stop the car!
den Wagen means the car. Stopp is the singular imperative, and den Wagen is accusative because it is the direct object.
Ich stoppte sofort, wenn du mich darum bätest.
I would stop immediately if you asked me to.
sofort means immediately and darum means for that reason or about it. Bätest is the Konjunktiv II of bitten in the subordinate clause, while stoppte expresses the hypothetical result.
Der Mechaniker wird die Maschine stoppen.
The mechanic will stop the machine.
der Mechaniker means the mechanic and die Maschine means the machine. Wird forms the future, while the infinitive stoppen goes to the end and takes the accusative object.
Sie stoppt mitten im Satz.
She stops in the middle of the sentence.
mitten im Satz means in the middle of the sentence. Here stoppt is used without an object, and the finite verb remains in position two.
Bitte stoppen Sie die Musik.
Please stop the music.
Bitte means please and die Musik means the music. Stoppen Sie is the polite imperative, and die Musik is accusative as the thing being stopped.

der Sturz — fall, crash; downfall, overthrow ​

Sturz often refers to a painful or accidental fall, especially from a bicycle or during sport. It is related to the verb stürzen, to fall or crash.
Der Sturz hat sehr wehgetan.
The fall hurt a lot.
hat wehgetan means hurt, and sehr means a lot or very much. Der Sturz is nominative because it is the subject; in the perfect, hat is in position two and wehgetan goes to the end.
Der Arzt untersucht den Sturz nicht, sondern das Knie.
The doctor is not examining the fall, but the knee.
der Arzt means the doctor, untersucht means examines, and das Knie means the knee. Den Sturz is accusative because untersuchen takes a direct object; sondern contrasts the corrected object.
Nach dem Sturz blieb sie im Bett.
After the fall, she stayed in bed.
blieb means stayed, sie means she, and im Bett means in bed. Nach always takes the dative, so dem Sturz is dative; the finite verb blieb is in position two.
Die Folgen des Sturzes waren schlimm.
The consequences of the fall were severe.
die Folgen means the consequences and schlimm means severe or bad. Des Sturzes is genitive because it shows which fall the consequences came from; waren is the finite verb in position two.
Beim Radfahren passieren manchmal Stürze.
Falls sometimes happen while cycling.
beim Radfahren means while cycling, passieren means happen, and manchmal means sometimes. Beim is short for bei dem and takes the dative; Stürze is plural nominative because it is the subject.
Der Sturz des Präsidenten löste Proteste aus.
The president’s downfall triggered protests.
der Präsident means the president, löste aus means triggered, and die Proteste means the protests. Des Präsidenten is genitive because it shows whose downfall is meant; the separable verb auslösen splits, with löste in position two and aus at the end.
Nach dem Sturz der Regierung gab es Neuwahlen.
After the government’s downfall, there were new elections.
die Regierung means the government, Neuwahlen means new elections, and gab es means there were. Nach dem Sturz uses the dative because nach governs the dative, while der Regierung is genitive because it identifies whose downfall occurred.

das Tempo — speed, pace; musical tempo ​

For ordinary speed or pace, both Tempos and Tempi occur, but Tempos is especially common. Tempo can also refer to musical speed, where Tempi is frequent.
Das Tempo ist zu hoch.
The speed is too high.
zu hoch means “too high”. Das Tempo is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Der Fahrer verringert das Tempo.
The driver reduces the speed.
der Fahrer means “the driver”, and verringert means “reduces”. Das Tempo is accusative because verringern takes a direct object; the finite verb verringert is in position two.
Bei diesem Tempo kommen wir spät an.
At this pace, we will arrive late.
bei diesem Tempo means “at this pace”, spät means “late”, and kommen ... an means “arrive”. Diesem Tempo is dative because bei always takes the dative; the separable verb places kommen in position two and an at the end.
Die Änderung des Tempos war deutlich.
The change in pace was clear.
die Änderung means “the change”, and deutlich means “clear” or “noticeable”. Des Tempos is genitive because it specifies what was changed; the finite verb war stands in position two.
Die Tempos der beiden Läufer waren verschieden.
The paces of the two runners were different.
die beiden Läufer means “the two runners”, and verschieden means “different”. Tempos is the plural used here for different ordinary running paces; der beiden Läufer is genitive because it shows whose paces they are.
Der Dirigent gibt das Tempo vor.
The conductor sets the tempo.
der Dirigent means “the conductor”, and gibt ... vor means “sets” or “specifies”. Das Tempo is accusative because it is the object of vorgeben; the separable verb splits around the finite form, with gibt in position two and vor at the end.
Die Musiker spielen in verschiedenen Tempi.
The musicians play at different tempos.
die Musiker means “the musicians”, spielen means “play”, and verschiedenen means “different”. Tempi is the musical plural of Tempo, and in verschiedenen Tempi is dative because in describes the manner or setting, not movement into a place.

treten — to kick; to step, to tread ​

In the sense “to kick”, treten commonly takes a direct accusative object or appears with gegen plus accusative. The perfect is normally formed with haben, as in hat getreten.
Der Hund tritt gegen den Ball.
The dog kicks the ball.
der Hund means dog and der Ball means ball. gegen den Ball is accusative because gegen always takes the accusative; the finite verb tritt is in position two.
Der Hund hat gegen den Ball getreten.
The dog kicked the ball.
gegen den Ball means against or at the ball. hat forms the perfect with getreten, which goes to the end; the preposition gegen still requires the accusative.
Der Hund trat gegen den Ball.
The dog kicked the ball.
der Hund is the dog and der Ball is the ball. trat is the strong-verb past form of treten; gegen den Ball is accusative after gegen.
Tritt den Ball nicht so fest!
Do not kick the ball so hard!
nicht means not and so fest means so hard. den Ball is accusative because it is the direct object; tritt is the du imperative and the subject du is omitted.
Ich würde den Ball nicht treten, wenn das Kind danebenstünde.
I would not kick the ball if the child were standing next to it.
das Kind means child, daneben means next to it, and stünde means were standing. den Ball is accusative after treten; würde ... treten expresses a hypothetical action, while the verb in the wenn clause goes to the end.
Beim Spielen werden die Kinder vorsichtig auftreten.
While playing, the children will step carefully.
beim Spielen means while playing, and vorsichtig means carefully. werden forms the future and stands in position two; the infinitive auftreten goes to the end, with the prefix auf- attached in this verb.
Ich trete in eine Pfütze.
I step into a puddle.
in means into here, and die Pfütze means puddle. in eine Pfütze is accusative because it expresses movement into a place; the finite verb trete stands in position two.
Er ist auf einen Stein getreten.
He stepped on a stone.
der Stein means stone, and auf means onto here. auf einen Stein is accusative because it describes movement onto something; the perfect uses ist in this movement sense, and getreten goes to the end.

umdrehen — to turn around; to turn over ​

umdrehen is separable: in a main clause, um moves to the end, as in dreht ... um. It can be reflexive when someone turns themselves around (sich umdrehen) or transitive when someone turns an object over.
Er dreht sich schnell um.
He turns around quickly.
sich means himself or around here, and schnell means quickly. The reflexive pronoun is accusative, and the separable verb splits: dreht is in position two while um goes to the end.
Sie hat sich plötzlich umgedreht.
She suddenly turned around.
plötzlich means suddenly, and sich means herself or around here. The perfect uses hat with the Partizip II umgedreht; the prefix is not separated in this whole participle, which goes to the end.
Der Bus drehte an der Haltestelle um.
The bus turned around at the stop.
Der Bus is the bus, and an der Haltestelle means at the stop. The preposition an takes the dative for a location, giving der Haltestelle; drehte is the finite verb and um is separated to the end.
Dreh dich bitte um!
Please turn around!
dich means yourself and bitte means please. The informal imperative is dreh, the reflexive pronoun is accusative, and the separable prefix um goes at the end.
Wenn du deinen Namen hörst, würdest du dich sofort umdrehen.
If you heard your name, you would turn around immediately.
deinen Namen means your name, hörst means hear, and sofort means immediately. In the würde construction the infinitive umdrehen stays whole at the end of the subordinate clause; deinen Namen is accusative after hören.
Der Fahrer wird an der Kreuzung umdrehen.
The driver will turn around at the junction.
Der Fahrer is the driver, an der Kreuzung means at the junction, and wird means will. an der Kreuzung is dative because it describes a location, while future wird stands in position two and the whole infinitive umdrehen goes to the end.