Appearance
Netzwerk 10: Culture
Chapter 10 — spectators, travel, daily life, and common expressions.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
der Zuschauer — spectator, viewer (male)
Zuschauer literally means "one who watches" (zu + schauen). It's used for TV viewers, sports spectators, and theater audiences. The female form is "die Zuschauerin." Plural: die Zuschauer (no change).
Nom Der Zuschauer klatscht laut.
The spectator claps loudly.
der Zuschauer (maskulin) = spectator · klatschen = to clap · laut = loudly. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Zuschauer is the subject.
Akk Wir sehen den Zuschauer im Stadion.
We see the spectator in the stadium.
der Zuschauer (maskulin) = spectator · sehen = to see · das Stadion = stadium. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Zuschauer is the direct object.
Dat Der Spieler winkt dem Zuschauer.
The player waves to the spectator.
der Zuschauer (maskulin) = spectator · der Spieler = player · winken = to wave. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem). Zuschauer is the indirect object — the person being waved to.
die Zuschauerin — spectator, viewer (female)
The female form of "der Zuschauer." German adds "-in" to make many job/role words feminine, and the plural adds "-nen": die Zuschauerinnen. On TV, announcers often greet "Liebe Zuschauerinnen und Zuschauer!"
Nom Die Zuschauerin sitzt in der ersten Reihe.
The spectator sits in the first row.
die Zuschauerin (feminin) = spectator · sitzen = to sit · die Reihe = row. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Zuschauerin is the subject.
Akk Ich sehe die Zuschauerin im Publikum.
I see the spectator in the audience.
die Zuschauerin (feminin) = spectator · sehen = to see · das Publikum = audience. "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Zuschauerin is the direct object.
Dat Der Sänger dankt der Zuschauerin.
The singer thanks the spectator.
die Zuschauerin (feminin) = spectator · der Sänger = singer · danken = to thank (takes Dativ). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der). "danken" always takes a Dativ object.
die Oper — opera
Germany has over 80 opera houses — more than any other country. Cities like Berlin, Munich, and Dresden are famous for opera. "In die Oper gehen" (to go to the opera) is a common cultural activity. Plural: Opern.
Nom Die Oper beginnt um 19 Uhr.
The opera begins at 7 PM.
die Oper (feminin) = opera · beginnen = to begin · um 19 Uhr = at 7 PM. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Oper is the subject.
Akk Ich besuche die Oper in Dresden.
I visit the opera in Dresden.
die Oper (feminin) = opera · besuchen = to visit · in Dresden = in Dresden. "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Oper is the direct object.
Dat Wir treffen uns vor der Oper.
We meet in front of the opera.
die Oper (feminin) = opera · sich treffen = to meet · vor = in front of. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "vor" (location = Dativ).
stattfinden — to take place, to occur
This is a separable verb: "Das Konzert findet am Samstag statt." The "statt" goes to the end of the sentence. It's essential for talking about events, concerts, meetings, and festivals. Past: "hat stattgefunden."
Nom Das Konzert findet heute statt.
The concert takes place today.
stattfinden = to take place · das Konzert (neutrum) = concert · heute = today. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Konzert is the subject. Note: "findet...statt" — the verb separates.
Akk Die Veranstaltung findet jede Woche statt.
The event takes place every week.
stattfinden = to take place · die Veranstaltung (feminin) = event · jede Woche = every week. "Die" — feminin Nominativ subject. "Jede Woche" is an Akkusativ time expression (die → die, no change) telling how often.
Dat Das Festival findet in der Stadt statt.
The festival takes place in the city.
stattfinden = to take place · das Festival (neutrum) = festival · die Stadt (feminin) = city. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "in" (location = Dativ).
fliegen — to fly
Germans are big travelers. "Fliegen" is used both for airplane travel ("Ich fliege nach Spanien") and for birds or objects flying. The past tense is irregular: "ich bin geflogen" — note it uses "sein" because it's a movement verb!
Nom Der Vogel fliegt hoch.
The bird flies high.
fliegen = to fly · der Vogel (maskulin) = bird · hoch = high. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Vogel is the subject performing the action of flying.
Akk Ich fliege die Strecke jede Woche.
I fly the route every week.
fliegen = to fly · die Strecke (feminin) = route · jede Woche = every week. "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Strecke is the direct object.
Dat Er fliegt mit der Lufthansa nach Berlin.
He flies with Lufthansa to Berlin.
fliegen = to fly · die Lufthansa (feminin) = Lufthansa · nach Berlin = to Berlin. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "mit".
früher — earlier, formerly, in the past
"Früher" is used constantly to talk about "back in the day" — "Früher war alles anders" (things used to be different). It's the comparative of "früh" (early), but on its own it means "in the past / formerly."
Nom Früher war der Sommer heißer.
In the past the summer was hotter.
früher = earlier/formerly · der Sommer (maskulin) = summer · heiß = hot (heißer = hotter). "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Sommer is the subject. Note: after the time word "früher" the verb comes first, then the subject (inversion).
Akk Früher hatte ich einen Hund.
Earlier I had a dog.
früher = earlier · haben = to have (hatte = had) · der Hund (maskulin) = dog. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ (ein → einen). Hund is the direct object.
Dat Früher wohnte ich bei meiner Oma.
Earlier I lived with my grandma.
früher = earlier · wohnen = to live (wohnte = lived) · die Oma (feminin) = grandma. "Meiner" because feminin Dativ (meine → meiner) after "bei" (always Dativ).
insgesamt — altogether, in total, overall
Use "insgesamt" to sum things up: "Das kostet insgesamt 50 Euro" (that costs 50 euros in total). It's very common with numbers, totals, and summaries.
Nom Insgesamt sind zehn Gäste da.
Altogether ten guests are here.
insgesamt = altogether · der Gast → die Gäste (Plural) = guests · da sein = to be there. "Zehn Gäste" is Plural Nominativ — the subject. Gäste is the subject of "sind."
Akk Ich habe insgesamt einen Tag gewartet.
I waited a whole day in total.
insgesamt = in total · warten = to wait · der Tag (maskulin) = day. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ (ein → einen). "einen Tag" is an Akkusativ time expression (how long).
Dat Insgesamt bin ich mit dem Ergebnis zufrieden.
Overall I am satisfied with the result.
insgesamt = overall · das Ergebnis (neutrum) = result · zufrieden = satisfied · mit = with. "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "mit".
kaum — hardly, barely
"Kaum" means "almost not." "Ich kann es kaum glauben" (I can hardly believe it). It's a handy little word to soften or minimize — "kaum Zeit" (hardly any time) is a phrase you'll say often in busy German life.
Nom Der Bus ist kaum voll.
The bus is barely full.
kaum = hardly · der Bus (maskulin) = bus · voll = full. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Bus is the subject.
Akk Ich kenne kaum den Weg.
I hardly know the way.
kaum = hardly · kennen = to know · der Weg (maskulin) = way/path. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Weg is the direct object.
Dat Nach dem Sport habe ich kaum Hunger.
After sports I am barely hungry.
kaum = barely · der Sport (maskulin) = sport · der Hunger = hunger. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "nach" (always Dativ).
laufen — to run, to walk (er läuft)
"Laufen" is irregular: the vowel changes to "äu" in the du/er forms — du läufst, er läuft. In everyday German it can mean both "to run" and simply "to go on foot." It also means "to be showing" (a film "läuft" in the cinema). Past: "ich bin gelaufen" (uses sein!).
Nom Das Kind läuft schnell.
The child runs fast.
laufen = to run · das Kind (neutrum) = child · schnell = fast. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Kind is the subject. Note the stem change: er/es läuft.
Akk Ich laufe jeden Morgen einen Kilometer.
I run one kilometer every morning.
laufen = to run · der Kilometer (maskulin) = kilometer · jeden Morgen = every morning. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ (ein → einen). Kilometer is the direct object (the distance run).
Dat Sie läuft mit dem Hund im Park.
She runs with the dog in the park.
laufen = to run · der Hund (maskulin) = dog · der Park = park. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "mit".
letzte / letzter — last, latter
"Letzt-" is an adjective, so its ending changes with gender and case: der letzte Bus, die letzte Woche, das letzte Mal. "Letztes Jahr" (last year) and "letzte Woche" (last week) are super common time phrases.
Nom Der letzte Bus fährt um Mitternacht.
The last bus leaves at midnight.
letzte = last · der Bus (maskulin) = bus · fahren = to leave/go · die Mitternacht = midnight. Maskulin Nominativ after "der" → adjective ending -e: der letzte Bus. Bus is the subject.
Akk Ich nehme den letzten Bus.
I take the last bus.
letzte = last · nehmen = to take · der Bus (maskulin) = bus. Maskulin Akkusativ: article der → den, and the adjective ending shifts -e → -en: den letzten Bus. Bus is the direct object.
Dat Im letzten Jahr war ich in Berlin.
Last year I was in Berlin.
letzte = last · das Jahr (neutrum) = year. "Im" = in + dem, so neutrum Dativ (das → dem), and the adjective takes -en: im letzten Jahr. A fixed time phrase meaning "last year."
wirklich — really, truly
"Wirklich?" on its own means "Really?" — a natural reaction in conversation. As an adverb it intensifies: "Das ist wirklich gut" (that's really good). It comes from "wirklich" = real/actual (die Wirklichkeit = reality).
Nom Der Film ist wirklich gut.
The film is really good.
wirklich = really · der Film (maskulin) = film · gut = good. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Film is the subject.
Akk Ich habe wirklich einen Fehler gemacht.
I really made a mistake.
wirklich = really · der Fehler (maskulin) = mistake · machen = to make. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ (ein → einen). Fehler is the direct object.
Dat Mit dem Wetter habe ich wirklich Glück.
I'm really lucky with the weather.
wirklich = really · das Wetter (neutrum) = weather · das Glück = luck. "Dem" because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "mit".
mal — once, just (softening particle)
"Mal" is a tiny word that makes commands and suggestions sound friendlier and more casual: "Komm mal her!" (Come here!), "Warte mal!" (Wait a sec!). Textbook example: "Okay, planen wir mal die Präsentation." It literally means "one time" but is mostly a softener.
Nom Komm mal her, der Kaffee ist fertig.
Come here for a sec, the coffee is ready.
mal = just/for a moment (softener) · der Kaffee (maskulin) = coffee · fertig = ready. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Kaffee is the subject of "ist."
Akk Gib mir mal den Stift.
Just pass me the pen.
mal = just (softener) · geben = to give · der Stift (maskulin) = pen. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Stift is the direct object; "mir" is the Dativ (to me).
Dat Hilf mir mal mit der Tasche.
Just help me with the bag.
mal = just (softener) · helfen = to help (takes Dativ) · die Tasche (feminin) = bag. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "mit".
die Nachrichten — news (plural)
Nachrichten is always plural when it means "news." The singular "die Nachricht" means "message." The most famous German news show is the "Tagesschau" on ARD, broadcast daily at 8 PM — a ritual for many Germans.
Nom Die Nachrichten kommen um 20 Uhr.
The news comes on at 8 PM.
die Nachrichten (Plural) = news · kommen = to come · um 20 Uhr = at 8 PM. "Die" — Plural Nominativ. Nachrichten is the subject.
Akk Ich sehe die Nachrichten jeden Abend.
I watch the news every evening.
die Nachrichten (Plural) = news · sehen = to watch · jeden Abend = every evening. "Die" stays "die" because Plural Akkusativ (die → die). Nachrichten is the direct object.
Dat Er erfährt alles aus den Nachrichten.
He learns everything from the news.
die Nachrichten (Plural) = news · erfahren = to learn/find out · alles = everything · aus = from. "Den" because Plural Dativ (die → den). Note: Nachrichten already ends in -n, so no extra -n needed.
die Radiosendung — radio show, radio broadcast
A compound word: Radio + Sendung (broadcast). Germany has a strong public radio system with stations like Deutschlandfunk. Many Germans listen to radio in the car or at work. Plural: Radiosendungen.
Nom Die Radiosendung ist sehr beliebt.
The radio show is very popular.
die Radiosendung (feminin) = radio show · sehr = very · beliebt = popular. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Radiosendung is the subject.
Akk Sie hört die Radiosendung beim Frühstück.
She listens to the radio show during breakfast.
die Radiosendung (feminin) = radio show · hören = to listen · beim Frühstück = during breakfast (bei + dem). "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Radiosendung is the direct object.
Dat In der Radiosendung sprechen sie über Kultur.
In the radio show they talk about culture.
die Radiosendung (feminin) = radio show · sprechen = to speak · über = about · die Kultur = culture. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "in" (location = Dativ).
rund ums Jahr — all year round
A fixed phrase meaning "throughout the whole year." "Ums" is a contraction of "um das" (Jahr). You'll see it in ads and tourism: "Rund ums Jahr geöffnet" (open all year round). A cousin phrase is "rund um die Uhr" (around the clock, 24/7).
Nom Rund ums Jahr ist der Garten schön.
All year round the garden is beautiful.
rund ums Jahr = all year round · der Garten (maskulin) = garden · schön = beautiful. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Garten is the subject. (In the phrase itself, "ums" = um + das Jahr, an Akkusativ contraction.)
Akk Rund ums Jahr besuchen wir den Markt.
All year round we visit the market.
rund ums Jahr = all year round · besuchen = to visit · der Markt (maskulin) = market. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Markt is the direct object.
Dat Rund ums Jahr arbeitet er in der Küche.
All year round he works in the kitchen.
rund ums Jahr = all year round · arbeiten = to work · die Küche (feminin) = kitchen. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "in" (location = Dativ).
der Spaziergang — walk, stroll
Going for a Spaziergang is a beloved German tradition, especially on Sundays. "Einen Spaziergang machen" (to take a walk) is one of the most common leisure activities. Plural: Spaziergänge (note the umlaut!).
Nom Der Spaziergang dauert eine Stunde.
The walk lasts one hour.
der Spaziergang (maskulin) = walk · dauern = to last · eine Stunde = one hour. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Spaziergang is the subject.
Akk Wir machen einen Spaziergang im Park.
We take a walk in the park.
der Spaziergang (maskulin) = walk · machen = to make/do · der Park = park. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ (ein → einen). Spaziergang is the direct object.
Dat Nach dem Spaziergang trinke ich Tee.
After the walk I drink tea.
der Spaziergang (maskulin) = walk · nach = after · trinken = to drink · der Tee = tea. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "nach".
der Tennisplatz — tennis court
A compound word: Tennis + Platz (place/court). German loves compound nouns — the gender always comes from the last word (der Platz). Many sports facilities use "-platz": Sportplatz, Fußballplatz, Spielplatz (playground). Plural: Tennisplätze.
Nom Der Tennisplatz ist neu.
The tennis court is new.
der Tennisplatz (maskulin) = tennis court · neu = new. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Tennisplatz is the subject.
Akk Du reservierst den Tennisplatz für morgen.
You reserve the tennis court for tomorrow.
der Tennisplatz (maskulin) = tennis court · reservieren = to reserve · für morgen = for tomorrow. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Tennisplatz is the direct object.
Dat Wir spielen auf dem Tennisplatz.
We play on the tennis court.
der Tennisplatz (maskulin) = tennis court · spielen = to play · auf = on. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "auf" (location = Dativ).
trainieren — to train, to practise
A borrowed word (from English "train"), so it feels familiar. Used for sports and fitness: "Ich trainiere im Fitnessstudio." The person who trains you is "der Trainer / die Trainerin" (coach). Past: "hat trainiert."
Nom Der Sportler trainiert jeden Tag.
The athlete trains every day.
trainieren = to train · der Sportler (maskulin) = athlete · jeden Tag = every day. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Sportler is the subject.
Akk Wir trainieren den Körper im Fitnessstudio.
We train the body at the gym.
trainieren = to train · der Körper (maskulin) = body · das Fitnessstudio = gym. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Körper is the direct object.
Dat Sie trainiert mit dem Trainer zusammen.
She trains together with the coach.
trainieren = to train · der Trainer (maskulin) = coach · zusammen = together. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "mit".
der Anfang — beginning, start
"Aller Anfang ist schwer" (every beginning is hard) is a famous German proverb. The verb form is "anfangen" (to begin), a separable verb. Plural: Anfänge. The opposite is "das Ende."
Nom Der Anfang ist immer schwer.
The beginning is always hard.
der Anfang (maskulin) = beginning · immer = always · schwer = hard/difficult. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Anfang is the subject.
Akk Ich verpasse den Anfang vom Film.
I miss the beginning of the film.
der Anfang (maskulin) = beginning · verpassen = to miss · vom Film = of the film (von + dem). "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Anfang is the direct object.
Dat Am Anfang verstehe ich wenig.
At the beginning I understand little.
der Anfang (maskulin) = beginning · verstehen = to understand · wenig = little. "Am" = an + dem, because maskulin Dativ (der → dem). "Am Anfang" is a fixed expression meaning "at the beginning."
das Ende — end
"Am Ende" (in the end) and "Ende gut, alles gut" (all's well that ends well) are common expressions. The word "das Wochenende" (weekend) literally means "the week-end." Plural: Enden.
Nom Das Ende vom Film ist traurig.
The end of the film is sad.
das Ende (neutrum) = end · der Film = film · traurig = sad. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Ende is the subject.
Akk Wir erreichen das Ende der Straße.
We reach the end of the street.
das Ende (neutrum) = end · erreichen = to reach · die Straße = street. "Das" stays "das" because neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Ende is the direct object.
Dat Am Ende sind alle müde.
At the end everyone is tired.
das Ende (neutrum) = end · alle = everyone · müde = tired. "Am" = an + dem, because neutrum Dativ (das → dem). "Am Ende" is a fixed expression meaning "at the end."
die Heimat — homeland, home
Heimat is a deeply emotional German word with no exact English translation. It means more than "homeland" — it captures the feeling of belonging, the place where you feel at home. Germans use it often when talking about identity and roots. Usually singular.
Nom Die Heimat ist wichtig für mich.
Home is important to me.
die Heimat (feminin) = homeland · wichtig = important · für mich = for me. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Heimat is the subject.
Akk Er vermisst die Heimat.
He misses his homeland.
die Heimat (feminin) = homeland · vermissen = to miss. "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Heimat is the direct object.
Dat Sie erzählt von der Heimat.
She tells about her homeland.
die Heimat (feminin) = homeland · erzählen = to tell · von = about/from. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "von".
das Ausland — abroad, foreign countries
Germans say "im Ausland" (in foreign countries) and "ins Ausland" (to foreign countries). The opposite is "das Inland" (domestic). You'll hear this word constantly in news and travel conversations. Usually singular.
Nom Das Ausland ist interessant.
Foreign countries are interesting.
das Ausland (neutrum) = abroad · interessant = interesting. "Das" — neutrum Nominativ. Ausland is the subject.
Akk Wir kennen das Ausland gut.
We know foreign countries well.
das Ausland (neutrum) = abroad · kennen = to know · gut = well. "Das" stays "das" because neutrum Akkusativ (das → das). Ausland is the direct object.
Dat Er arbeitet im Ausland.
He works abroad.
das Ausland (neutrum) = abroad · arbeiten = to work. "Im" = in + dem, because neutrum Dativ (das → dem) after "in". This is a fixed expression: "im Ausland" = abroad.
die Ehefrau — wife
"Ehe" means marriage, so Ehefrau literally means "marriage-woman." In casual speech, Germans often just say "meine Frau" (my wife). The male equivalent is "der Ehemann." Plural: Ehefrauen.
Nom Die Ehefrau arbeitet als Ärztin.
The wife works as a doctor.
die Ehefrau (feminin) = wife · arbeiten = to work · als = as · die Ärztin = doctor (female). "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Ehefrau is the subject.
Akk Er liebt die Ehefrau sehr.
He loves the wife very much.
die Ehefrau (feminin) = wife · lieben = to love · sehr = very much. "Die" stays "die" because feminin Akkusativ (die → die). Ehefrau is the direct object.
Dat Er schenkt der Ehefrau Blumen.
He gives the wife flowers.
die Ehefrau (feminin) = wife · schenken = to give (as a gift) · die Blumen = flowers. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der). Ehefrau is the indirect object — the person receiving the gift.
der Ehemann — husband
Like Ehefrau, this is a formal word. Casually, Germans say "mein Mann" (my husband). The plural is "Ehemänner" — note the umlaut on the a. In official documents, you'll always see Ehemann/Ehefrau.
Nom Der Ehemann kocht heute Abend.
The husband cooks this evening.
der Ehemann (maskulin) = husband · kochen = to cook · heute Abend = this evening. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Ehemann is the subject.
Akk Sie ruft den Ehemann an.
She calls the husband.
der Ehemann (maskulin) = husband · anrufen = to call (separable verb: ruft...an). "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Ehemann is the direct object.
Dat Sie gibt dem Ehemann einen Kuss.
She gives the husband a kiss.
der Ehemann (maskulin) = husband · geben = to give · der Kuss = kiss. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem). Ehemann is the indirect object — the person receiving the kiss.
beide — both
"Beide" refers to two things already known: "Beide Kinder" (both children), "Wir beide" (both of us). It behaves like a plural adjective/pronoun and its ending changes with case — most notably it becomes "beiden" in the Dativ.
Nom Beide Kinder sind müde.
Both children are tired.
beide = both · das Kind → die Kinder (Plural) = children · müde = tired. Plural Nominativ, so "beide" keeps its -e ending. Kinder is the subject.
Akk Ich kenne beide Brüder.
I know both brothers.
beide = both · kennen = to know · der Bruder → die Brüder (Plural) = brothers. Plural Akkusativ looks like Nominativ, so "beide" stays "beide." Brüder is the direct object.
Dat Ich helfe beiden Freunden.
I help both friends.
beide = both · helfen = to help (takes Dativ) · der Freund → die Freunde (Plural) = friends. Plural Dativ: "beide" → beiden, and the noun adds -n: Freunden. Both are the indirect object of "helfen."
berühmt — famous
"Berühmt" describes people, places, and things known far and wide: "eine berühmte Stadt" (a famous city). A useful related phrase is "berühmt für" (famous for): "München ist berühmt für das Oktoberfest."
Nom Der Sänger ist berühmt.
The singer is famous.
berühmt = famous · der Sänger (maskulin) = singer. Used predicatively (after "ist"), so no adjective ending. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ, Sänger is the subject.
Akk Wir besuchen das berühmte Museum.
We visit the famous museum.
berühmt = famous · besuchen = to visit · das Museum (neutrum) = museum. Neutrum Akkusativ: article stays "das," and now the adjective takes an ending: das berühmte Museum. Museum is the direct object.
Dat Ich wohne in der berühmten Stadt.
I live in the famous city.
berühmt = famous · wohnen = to live · die Stadt (feminin) = city. Feminin Dativ after "in": die → der, and the adjective ending becomes -en: der berühmten Stadt.
eilig — hurried, urgent
The most common phrase is "es eilig haben" = to be in a hurry: "Ich habe es eilig!" As an adjective it also means "urgent": "ein eiliger Brief" (an urgent letter). Related noun: die Eile (haste).
Nom Der Chef ist heute eilig.
The boss is in a hurry today.
eilig = hurried · der Chef (maskulin) = boss · heute = today. Used predicatively (after "ist"), so no ending. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ, Chef is the subject.
Akk Ich beantworte den eiligen Brief zuerst.
I answer the urgent letter first.
eilig = urgent · beantworten = to answer · der Brief (maskulin) = letter. Maskulin Akkusativ: der → den, and the adjective takes -en: den eiligen Brief. Brief is the direct object.
Dat Auf der eiligen Reise vergesse ich viel.
On the hurried trip I forget a lot.
eilig = hurried · die Reise (feminin) = trip · vergessen = to forget · viel = a lot. Feminin Dativ after "auf": die → der, and the adjective ending becomes -en: der eiligen Reise.
freundlich — friendly, kind
From "der Freund" (friend) + "-lich." A key polite word: "Das ist sehr freundlich!" (That's very kind!). Letters often close with "Mit freundlichen Grüßen" (Kind regards) — the standard German formal sign-off.
Nom Die Nachbarin ist sehr freundlich.
The neighbor is very friendly.
freundlich = friendly · die Nachbarin (feminin) = neighbor (female) · sehr = very. Predicative (after "ist"), so no ending. "Die" — feminin Nominativ, Nachbarin is the subject.
Akk Ich mag den freundlichen Verkäufer.
I like the friendly salesman.
freundlich = friendly · mögen = to like · der Verkäufer (maskulin) = salesman. Maskulin Akkusativ: der → den, adjective ending -en: den freundlichen Verkäufer. Verkäufer is the direct object.
Dat Ich danke der freundlichen Frau.
I thank the friendly woman.
freundlich = friendly · danken = to thank (takes Dativ) · die Frau (feminin) = woman. Feminin Dativ: die → der, adjective ending -en: der freundlichen Frau. She is the Dativ object of "danken."
leer — empty
The opposite of "voll" (full). Handy everyday word: "Der Akku ist leer" (the battery is dead/empty), "Die Straßen sind leer" (the streets are empty). Related verb: "leeren" (to empty).
Nom Die Flasche ist leer.
The bottle is empty.
leer = empty · die Flasche (feminin) = bottle. Predicative (after "ist"), so no ending. "Die" — feminin Nominativ, Flasche is the subject.
Akk Ich sehe den leeren Teller.
I see the empty plate.
leer = empty · sehen = to see · der Teller (maskulin) = plate. Maskulin Akkusativ: der → den, adjective ending -en: den leeren Teller. Teller is the direct object.
Dat In dem leeren Haus ist es kalt.
In the empty house it is cold.
leer = empty · das Haus (neutrum) = house · kalt = cold. Neutrum Dativ after "in": das → dem, adjective ending -en: dem leeren Haus.
normal — normal, ordinary
An international word, easy to remember. "Ganz normal" (perfectly normal) is a common phrase. Note the German pronunciation: stress on the last syllable — nor-MAL. Related adverb: "normalerweise" (normally/usually).
Nom Der Preis ist normal.
The price is normal.
normal = normal · der Preis (maskulin) = price. Predicative (after "ist"), so no ending. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ, Preis is the subject.
Akk Ich möchte den normalen Kaffee.
I would like the normal coffee.
normal = normal · möchten = would like · der Kaffee (maskulin) = coffee. Maskulin Akkusativ: der → den, adjective ending -en: den normalen Kaffee. Kaffee is the direct object.
Dat An einem normalen Tag arbeite ich acht Stunden.
On a normal day I work eight hours.
normal = normal · der Tag (maskulin) = day · arbeiten = to work · acht Stunden = eight hours. Maskulin Dativ after "an": ein → einem, adjective ending -en: einem normalen Tag.