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German Student Dictionary — Part 40
Dictionary entries, alphabetical: jagen – Kaffeehaus.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
jagen — to hunt
Regular (weak) verb — ich jage, du jagst, er jagt, no stem change. Bundled in the dictionary's entry: der Jäger = hunter, the related agent noun, given its own entry next.
Manche Leute benutzen Pfeil und Bogen, um Hochwild zu jagen.
Some people use a bow and arrow to hunt deer.
der Pfeil, -e = arrow · der Bogen, ö- = bow · das Hochwild = deer/big game. "Um ... zu jagen" = in order to hunt (a purpose clause with a zu-infinitive). The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Der Jäger jagt jeden Herbst im Wald.
The hunter hunts in the forest every autumn.
der Jäger = hunter · der Herbst = autumn/fall · der Wald, ä-er = forest. Present tense, "er"-form: jagt (regular weak verb, no stem change).
der Jäger — hunter
Plural: die Jäger (unchanged, like "der Lehrer" or "der Onkel"). Bundled in the dictionary's entry alongside "jagen" (to hunt), the verb it's built from.
Nom Der Jäger geht früh am Morgen los.
The hunter sets off early in the morning.
der Jäger (maskulin) = hunter · losgehen = to set off/head out · früh = early. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Jäger is the subject.
Akk Der Hund begleitet den Jäger durch den Wald.
The dog accompanies the hunter through the forest.
der Hund, -e = dog · begleiten = to accompany · durch + Akkusativ = through. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Jäger is the direct object.
Dat Der Förster hilft dem Jäger beim Spurenlesen.
The forester helps the hunter with tracking.
der Förster, - = forester/ranger · helfen + Dativ = to help · beim = bei + dem (contraction). "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem). Jäger is the indirect object.
Nom Ein Jäger steht still zwischen den Bäumen.
A hunter stands still among the trees.
still = still/quiet · der Baum, ä-e = tree. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Wir sehen einen Jäger am Waldrand.
We see a hunter at the edge of the forest.
sehen = to see · der Waldrand, ä-er = edge of the forest. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Der Förster gibt den Jägern neue Karten.
The forester gives the hunters new maps.
die Karte, -n = map. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Jäger adds "-n" (Jäger → Jägern) since the plural doesn't already end in -n or -s.
das Jahr — year
Plural: die Jahre. Bundled in the dictionary's entry: der Neujahrstag = New Year's Day, given its own entry next.
Nom Das Jahr hat zwölf Monate.
The year has twelve months.
das Jahr (neutral) = year · der Monat, -e = month · zwölf = twelve. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Jahr is the subject.
Akk Wir feiern das neue Jahr mit Freunden.
We celebrate the new year with friends.
feiern = to celebrate · neu = new. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das). Jahr is the direct object.
Dat Ich lerne im ersten Jahr Französisch.
I am in my first year of French.
lernen = to learn · erst- = first · Französisch = French. "Im" absorbs "dem" — neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "in." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Nom Ein Jahr vergeht sehr schnell.
A year passes very quickly.
vergehen = to pass/go by · schnell = quickly. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Sie verbringt ein Jahr im Ausland.
She spends a year abroad.
verbringen = to spend (time) · das Ausland = abroad. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases.
Dat In den letzten Jahren hat sich vieles verändert.
In recent years, a lot has changed.
letzt- = last/recent · sich verändern = to change. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Jahr adds "-n" (Jahre → Jahren) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Neujahrstag — New Year's Day
A compound of "neu" (new) + "Jahr" (year) + "-s-" + "der Tag" (day) — declines exactly like "der Tag": plural die Neujahrstage, Dativ plural die Neujahrstagen. Bundled in the dictionary's entry alongside "Jahr, das."
Nom Der Neujahrstag ist ein gesetzlicher Feiertag.
New Year's Day is a legal holiday.
der Neujahrstag (maskulin) = New Year's Day · gesetzlich = legal/statutory · der Feiertag, -e = holiday. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Neujahrstag is the subject.
Akk Viele Familien feiern den Neujahrstag zusammen.
Many families celebrate New Year's Day together.
feiern = to celebrate · zusammen = together. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Neujahrstag is the direct object.
Dat Wir bleiben an dem Neujahrstag zu Hause.
We stay home on New Year's Day.
an + Dativ (a specific day) = on · zu Hause = at home. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "an" for a specific day.
Nom Ein ruhiger Neujahrstag liegt vor uns.
A quiet New Year's Day lies ahead of us.
ruhig = quiet/calm · vor uns liegen = to lie ahead of us. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Wir wünschen dir einen guten Neujahrstag.
We wish you a good New Year's Day.
wünschen = to wish · gut = good. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat An den letzten drei Neujahrstagen hat es geschneit.
It has snowed on the last three New Year's Days.
schneien = to snow. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Neujahrstag adds "-en" (Neujahrstage → Neujahrstagen), the same pattern as "der Tag → die Tage → den Tagen," since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
die Jahreszeit — season
A compound of "Jahr" (year) + "die Zeit" (time) — declines exactly like "die Zeit": plural die Jahreszeiten.
Nom Ist der Herbst deine Lieblingsjahreszeit?
Is autumn your favorite season?
der Herbst = autumn/fall · die Lieblingsjahreszeit (built from "Jahreszeit") = favorite season. "Deine" — feminin Nominativ possessive, agreeing with "Jahreszeit" — a predicate nominative after "sein" ("ist"). The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "1st" → "ist."
Akk Welche Jahreszeit magst du am liebsten?
Which season do you like best?
welche = which · mögen = to like · am liebsten = the most/best. Feminine nouns keep the same form in Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here. Jahreszeit is the direct object.
Dat Nach der Jahreszeit richtet sich unsere Kleidung.
Our clothing depends on the season.
sich richten nach + Dativ = to depend on/be guided by · die Kleidung = clothing. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "nach."
Nom Eine neue Jahreszeit beginnt.
A new season begins.
beginnen = to begin. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite; no ending change from the "die" pattern.
Akk Ich erlebe eine schöne Jahreszeit.
I am experiencing a beautiful season.
erleben = to experience · schön = beautiful. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ (eine → eine), unlike maskulin (ein → einen).
Dat Zu den vier Jahreszeiten gehören Frühling, Sommer, Herbst und Winter.
Spring, summer, autumn, and winter belong to the four seasons.
gehören zu + Dativ = to belong to · der Frühling = spring. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the plural "Jahreszeiten" already ends in "-n," so no further ending is added (unlike "Apfel → Äpfeln").
der Januar — January
Singular only — a month name, no natural plural. Month names can appear with or without the definite article: "Januar ist kalt" = "Der Januar ist kalt" (both correct).
Nom Der Januar ist meistens sehr kalt.
January is usually very cold.
meistens = mostly/usually · kalt = cold. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Januar is the subject.
Akk Ich finde den Januar zu dunkel.
I find January too dark.
finden = to find · dunkel = dark. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Wir haben hier Schnee im Januar.
We have snow here in January.
der Schnee = snow. "Im" absorbs "dem" — maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after the Dativ preposition "in" used for a month. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Nom Ein schneereicher Januar beginnt das Jahr.
A snowy January begins the year.
schneereich = snowy/snow-rich · das Jahr, -e = year. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Wir erwarten einen kalten Januar.
We expect a cold January.
erwarten = to expect. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Japan — Japan
Article-free country name, like Deutschland or China. Bundled in the dictionary's entry: der/die Japaner(in) = Japanese person, given its own entry next; japanisch = the adjective, given its own entry after that.
Nom Japan ist ein Land auf einer Insel in Asien.
Japan is an island country in Asia.
das Land, ä-er = country · die Insel, -n = island · Asien = Asia. No article — Japan is the subject directly. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Akk Ich möchte eines Tages Japan besuchen.
I would like to visit Japan someday.
eines Tages = someday · besuchen = to visit. No article/ending change for country names without an article.
Dat Viele Autos kommen aus Japan.
Many cars come from Japan.
das Auto, -s = car · aus + Dativ = from. No article/ending change here either.
der Japaner — Japanese (person)
Feminine: die Japanerin, plural die Japanerinnen. Plural (masc./general): die Japaner (unchanged) — a regular masculine noun, not a weak noun like "der Chinese." Bundled with "Japan" and "japanisch" in the dictionary's entry.
Nom Der Japaner arbeitet seit zehn Jahren in Berlin.
The Japanese man has worked in Berlin for ten years.
arbeiten = to work · seit + Dativ = since/for (time) · das Jahr, -e = year. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Japaner is the subject.
Akk Ich kenne den Japaner aus meinem Deutschkurs.
I know the Japanese man from my German class.
kennen = to know · der Deutschkurs, -e = German class. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den) — no weak-noun ending here, unlike "der Chinese." Japaner is the direct object.
Dat Sie hilft dem Japaner beim Einkaufen.
She helps the Japanese man with shopping.
helfen + Dativ = to help · das Einkaufen = shopping. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Japaner wohnt neben uns.
A Japanese man lives next to us.
wohnen = to live · neben + Dativ = next to. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Wir haben einen Japaner in unserer Gruppe.
We have a Japanese man in our group.
die Gruppe, -n = group. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Der Lehrer gibt den Japanern extra Zeit.
The teacher gives the Japanese students extra time.
die Zeit = time. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Japaner adds "-n" (Japaner → Japanern) since the plural doesn't already end in -n or -s — unlike the weak noun "der Chinese," this is a regular masculine noun.
japanisch — Japanese (adjective)
Lowercase, like all German adjectives (unlike the country name "Japan" or the person "der Japaner"). Takes normal adjective endings before a noun.
Ich esse gern japanisches Essen.
I like eating Japanese food.
das Essen = food. "-es" ending — neuter Akkusativ with no preceding article (strong adjective ending).
Die japanische Sprache hat drei Schriftsysteme.
The Japanese language has three writing systems.
die Sprache, -n = language · das Schriftsystem, -e = writing system. "-e" ending after "die" (feminine Nominativ, weak adjective ending).
der Jargon — slang
A loanword from French — plural die Jargons (adds "-s," like many French loanwords: der Balkon → die Balkons). The dictionary's own example uses the compound "der Studentenjargon" (student slang), built directly from this word.
Nom Der Studentenjargon ist sehr lustig.
Student slang is very funny.
der Student, -en (weak noun) = student · lustig = funny. "Der Studentenjargon" — a compound built from "Jargon," still maskulin Nominativ, agreeing with "der." The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "1st" → "ist."
Akk Ich verstehe den Jargon der Ärzte nicht.
I don't understand the doctors' jargon.
verstehen = to understand · der Arzt, ä-e = doctor. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Jargon is the direct object.
Dat Wir sprechen von dem Jargon der Firma.
We are talking about the company's jargon.
sprechen von + Dativ = to talk about · die Firma, Firmen = company. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein spezieller Jargon entsteht in jedem Beruf.
A special jargon develops in every profession.
speziell = special · entstehen = to develop/arise · der Beruf, -e = profession. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Die neuen Mitarbeiter lernen schnell einen eigenen Jargon.
The new employees quickly learn a jargon of their own.
der Mitarbeiter, - = employee · eigen = own. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Zwischen den verschiedenen Jargons gibt es oft große Unterschiede.
There are often big differences between the various jargons.
verschieden = various/different · der Unterschied, -e = difference. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the loanword plural "Jargons" already ends in "-s," so Dativ adds nothing further (unlike native nouns, which add "-n").
die Jeans — jeans
A loanword from English, unchanged in the plural (die Jeans — singular and plural look identical), the same pattern as "der Pullover."
Nom Die Jeans passt mir nicht mehr.
The jeans don't fit me anymore.
passen + Dativ = to fit · nicht mehr = not anymore. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Jeans is the subject, treated as singular here, like "die Hose."
Akk Ich ziehe es vor, Jeans zu tragen, wenn ich reise.
I prefer to wear jeans when I travel.
vorziehen = to prefer · tragen = to wear · reisen = to travel. Bare plural, no article — Jeans is the Akkusativ direct object of "tragen." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Dat Der Fleck an der Jeans geht nicht raus.
The stain on the jeans won't come out.
der Fleck, -en = stain · rausgehen (umgangssprachlich) = to come out. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "an."
Nom Eine neue Jeans liegt auf dem Bett.
A new pair of jeans is lying on the bed.
liegen = to lie · das Bett, -en = bed. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no ending change from the "die" pattern.
Akk Ich kaufe mir eine blaue Jeans.
I'm buying myself a pair of blue jeans.
kaufen = to buy · blau = blue. Feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ (eine → eine).
Dat Zu den zerrissenen Jeans trägt sie weiße Sneaker.
She wears white sneakers with the ripped jeans.
zerrissen = ripped/torn · der Sneaker, - = sneaker. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the loanword plural "Jeans" already ends in "-s," so no further ending is added — the same pattern as "Jargons."
jede — every; each; each one
Full declension: jeder (maskulin), jede (feminin), jedes (neutral) — a der-word, taking the same endings as "dieser." Fixed phrase bundled in the dictionary's entry: jeden Tag = every day (Akkusativ of time, "jeden" agreeing with maskulin "der Tag").
Jede Person nimmt einen Teller.
Each person takes a plate.
die Person, -en = person · der Teller, - = plate. "Jede" — feminin Nominativ (a der-word, like "diese"), agreeing with "Person." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Ich war letzten Monat jeden Tag bei der Arbeit.
I was at work every day last month.
letzt- = last · bei der Arbeit = at work. "Jeden Tag" — Akkusativ of time (maskulin "der Tag"), meaning "every day." The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "/" → "I."
jeder — everyone; everybody
Also appears combined as one word, "jedermann" — an old-fashioned/formal synonym for "everyone." Declines like the der-word "jeder" seen in the previous entry.
Jeder weiß, dass Übung wichtig ist.
Everyone knows that practice is important.
wissen = to know · die Übung, -en = practice · wichtig = important. "Jeder" — maskulin Nominativ pronoun, used generically as the subject, the standard way to say "everyone."
jedoch — however
Functions as both a conjunction and an adverb (the dictionary lists both tags) — close in meaning to "aber," but more formal, and unlike "aber," it doesn't have to be the first word of its clause.
Ich verliere immer; ich spiele jedoch weiter!
I always lose; however, I keep playing!
verlieren = to lose · immer = always · weiterspielen = to keep playing/play on. "Jedoch" appears after the subject and verb here, functioning adverbially. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
jemals — ever
Mostly used in questions and conditional/negative clauses, similar to English "ever." Opposite: niemals = never.
Wenn du jemals Hilfe brauchst, ruf mich an!
If you ever need help, call me!
wenn = if · die Hilfe = help · brauchen = to need · anrufen = to call (up). Conditional "wenn" clause — a typical context for "jemals." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
jemand — someone; somebody
Indefinite pronoun; formal usage adds endings (jemanden = Akkusativ, jemandem = Dativ), though "jemand" is also used loosely for all cases in casual speech. Opposite: niemand = no one.
Jemand hat meine Brieftasche gestohlen.
Someone stole my wallet.
die Brieftasche, -n = wallet · stehlen, er stiehlt, gestohlen = to steal. "Jemand" is the Nominativ subject of the sentence. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
jener — that; those
Full declension: jener (maskulin), jene (feminin), jenes (neutral) — a somewhat formal/literary der-word, less common in everyday speech than "der/die/das da" or "dieser ... dort."
Geben Sie mir bitte jenes Buch dort drüben.
Please pass me that book over there.
geben = to give · bitte = please · das Buch, ü-er = book · dort drüben = over there. "Jenes" — neutral Akkusativ (a der-word), agreeing with "Buch." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Ich will jene Ohrringe.
I want those earrings.
wollen = to want · der Ohrring, -e = earring. "Jene" — plural Akkusativ (a der-word), agreeing with "Ohrringe." The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "/" → "I."
jetzt — now
Common in fixed openers like "jetzt gehe ich" (now I'm going). The dictionary's own example, corrected from OCR garbling: the older spelling "daß" (before the 1996 reform) appears here as modern "dass," and "konnen" is corrected to "können."
Die Lehrerin sagt, dass wir jetzt gehen können.
The teacher says we can leave now.
die Lehrerin, -nen = teacher (f.) · sagen = to say · gehen können = to be able to leave/go. The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "daJ3" → "dass" and "konnen" → "können."
der Job — job
An informal loanword from English — plural die Jobs (adds "-s," like many English loanwords: der Chip → die Chips).
Nom Der Job gefällt mir sehr.
I like the job a lot.
gefallen + Dativ = to please/be pleasing to (idiomatic "to like"). "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Job is the subject.
Akk Ich kündige den Job nächste Woche.
I'm quitting the job next week.
kündigen = to quit/give notice · nächste Woche = next week. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Job is the direct object.
Dat Sie ist mit dem Job sehr zufrieden.
She is very satisfied with the job.
zufrieden sein mit + Dativ = to be satisfied with. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein guter Job ist schwer zu finden.
A good job is hard to find.
schwer = hard/difficult. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Hast du für den Sommer einen Job gefunden?
Have you found a job for the summer?
der Sommer = summer · finden, er findet, gefunden = to find. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen). The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "fur" → "für" (missing umlaut).
Dat Bei den neuen Jobs ist die Bezahlung besser.
The pay is better with the new jobs.
die Bezahlung = pay/payment · besser = better. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the loanword plural "Jobs" already ends in "-s," so no further ending is added.
joggen — to jog
Regular (weak) verb, a loanword from English — ich jogge, du joggst, er joggt. Often paired with "gehen": "joggen gehen" = to go jogging.
Dieselben Leute gehen jeden Morgen im Park joggen.
The same people go jogging in the park every morning.
derselbe/dieselbe/dasselbe = the same · die Leute (Pl.) = people · jeden Morgen = every morning · der Park, -s = park. "Joggen gehen" = to go jogging (a fixed construction with "gehen" + infinitive). The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
der Juli — July
Singular only — like Januar and Juni, a month name with no natural plural.
Nom Der Vierte Juli ist ein großer Feiertag in den Vereinigten Staaten.
The Fourth of July is a big holiday in the U.S.
vierte = fourth · groß, größer, am größten = big · der Feiertag, -e = holiday · die Vereinigten Staaten (Pl.) = the United States. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Juli is the subject. The dictionary's own example, corrected from the OCR-garbled "1st" → "ist" and "groBer" → "großer."
Akk Wir verbringen den Juli meistens am Meer.
We usually spend July at the seaside.
verbringen = to spend (time) · das Meer, -e = sea. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Im Juli sind die Tage am längsten.
In July, the days are the longest.
der Tag, -e = day · lang, länger, am längsten = long. "Im" absorbs "dem" — maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "in" for a month.
Nom Ein heißer Juli steht bevor.
A hot July is ahead.
heiß = hot · bevorstehen = to lie ahead. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Wir erwarten einen regenreichen Juli.
We expect a rainy July.
regenreich = rainy/rain-rich. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
jung — young
Comparative/superlative: jung → jünger → am jüngsten (adds an umlaut, otherwise regular). Also the base of the adjectival noun der/die Jugendliche (youth/adolescent — declines like an adjective: der Jugendliche, ein Jugendlicher, die Jugendlichen), bundled twice in the dictionary's entries (once here, once again paired with "Jugendalter") but not given its own drill, the same treatment as "der/die Erwachsene" under "erwachsen." Also bundled: die junge Dame = young lady (jung inflected before "die Dame").
Er ist zu jung, um Auto zu fahren.
He is too young to drive.
zu ... um ... zu = too ... to (a purpose/result construction) · Auto fahren = to drive. Predicate adjective after "ist" — no ending. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
der Junge — boy
Weak noun — adds "-n" in every case except Nominativ singular (den/dem/des Jungen), the same pattern as "der Kunde" or "der Kollege." Plural: die Jungen (same form as the weak Akkusativ/Dativ singular). Bundled fixed phrase in the dictionary's entry: "die junge Dame" ("young lady") is built from the adjective "jung," not from this noun — see the "jung" entry.
Nom Dieser Junge ist der Sohn meines Nachbarn.
This boy is my neighbor's son.
der Sohn, ö-e = son · der Nachbar, -n (weak noun) = neighbor. "Dieser" — maskulin Nominativ der-word; weak nouns are unmarked in the Nominativ singular. Junge is the subject. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Akk Die Mutter ruft den Jungen zum Abendessen.
The mother calls the boy to dinner.
rufen = to call · das Abendessen = dinner. "Den Jungen" — the weak noun adds "-n" in Akkusativ, unlike a regular masculine noun.
Dat Der Lehrer erklärt dem Jungen die Aufgabe.
The teacher explains the assignment to the boy.
erklären = to explain · die Aufgabe, -n = assignment/task. "Dem Jungen" — the weak noun keeps the "-n" in Dativ too.
Nom Ein Junge spielt allein im Garten.
A boy is playing alone in the garden.
allein = alone · der Garten, ä- = garden. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ; still no weak-noun ending here since it's Nominativ.
Akk Wir sehen einen Jungen auf dem Spielplatz.
We see a boy at the playground.
der Spielplatz, ä-e = playground. "Einen Jungen" — the weak-noun "-n" appears here too, even though the article is indefinite.
Dat Die Trainerin gibt den Jungen neue Trikots.
The coach gives the boys new jerseys.
die Trainerin, -nen = coach (f.) · das Trikot, -s = jersey. Plural Dativ: article "den"; "Jungen" already ends in -n (from the plural and the weak-noun ending together), so no further change.
das Jugendalter — adolescence
A compound of "die Jugend" (youth) + "das Alter" (age) — an abstract life stage, generally used without a plural, like "die Kindheit" (childhood).
Nom Das Jugendalter ist eine Zeit zum Lernen und sich Entwickeln.
Adolescence is a time to learn and mature.
die Zeit, -en = time · lernen = to learn · sich entwickeln = to develop/mature. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Jugendalter is the subject. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Akk Viele Eltern finden das Jugendalter ihres Kindes schwierig.
Many parents find their child's adolescence difficult.
finden = to find · schwierig = difficult. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das). Jugendalter is the direct object.
Dat In dem Jugendalter verändert sich vieles.
During adolescence, a lot changes.
sich verändern = to change · vieles = a lot/many things. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "in."
Nom Ein schwieriges Jugendalter prägt manche Menschen fürs Leben.
A difficult adolescence shapes some people for life.
schwierig = difficult · prägen = to shape/mold · der Mensch, -en (weak noun) = person · fürs Leben = for life. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Sie hatte ein glückliches Jugendalter.
She had a happy adolescence.
glücklich = happy. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases.
der Juni — June
Singular only — like Januar and Juli, a month name with no natural plural.
Nom Der Juni bringt endlich warmes Wetter.
June finally brings warm weather.
endlich = finally · warm = warm · das Wetter = weather. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Juni is the subject.
Akk Ich mag den Juni wegen der langen Tage.
I like June because of the long days.
mögen = to like · wegen + Genitiv/Dativ = because of · der Tag, -e = day. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Ihr Hochzeitstag ist im Juni.
Their wedding anniversary is in June.
der Hochzeitstag, -e = wedding anniversary. "Im" absorbs "dem" — maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "in" for a month. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Nom Ein sonniger Juni ist selten.
A sunny June is rare.
sonnig = sunny · selten = rare. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Wir planen einen ruhigen Juni.
We're planning a quiet June.
planen = to plan · ruhig = quiet. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
der Juwel — jewel
Plural: die Juwelen. Some dictionaries list this word as neutral (das Juwel) instead — this source lists it as maskulin, so that's the form drilled here. Bundled in the dictionary's entry alongside "Juwelier, der" = jeweler, given its own entry next.
Nom Der Juwel glänzt im Licht.
The jewel sparkles in the light.
glänzen = to sparkle/shine · das Licht, -er = light. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Juwel is the subject.
Akk Die Königin trägt den Juwel nur zu besonderen Anlässen.
The queen wears the jewel only on special occasions.
die Königin, -nen = queen · tragen = to wear · der Anlass, ä-e = occasion. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Wir sprechen von dem Juwel in der Krone.
We are talking about the jewel in the crown.
sprechen von + Dativ = to talk about · die Krone, -n = crown. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein seltener Juwel wurde im Museum ausgestellt.
A rare jewel was displayed in the museum.
selten = rare · ausstellen = to display/exhibit · das Museum, Museen = museum. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Der Dieb stahl einen wertvollen Juwel.
The thief stole a valuable jewel.
der Dieb, -e = thief · stehlen, er stiehlt, gestohlen = to steal · wertvoll = valuable. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Die Krone ist mit den funkelnden Juwelen geschmückt.
The crown is adorned with the sparkling jewels.
funkeln = to sparkle/twinkle · schmücken = to decorate/adorn. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Juwel adds "-en" (Juwelen) since the plural doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Juwelier — jeweler
Plural: die Juweliere (adds "-e," a regular masculine agent noun). Bundled with "Juwel, der" in the dictionary's entry.
Nom Der Juwelier zeigte mir einen Diamantring.
The jeweler showed me a diamond ring.
zeigen = to show · der Diamantring, -e = diamond ring. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Juwelier is the subject. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Akk Ich besuche den Juwelier in der Altstadt.
I'm visiting the jeweler in the old town.
besuchen = to visit · die Altstadt, ä-e = old town. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Sie brachte den Ring dem Juwelier zur Reparatur.
She brought the ring to the jeweler for repair.
bringen, brachte, gebracht = to bring · die Reparatur, -en = repair. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein bekannter Juwelier hat hier sein Geschäft.
A well-known jeweler has his shop here.
bekannt = well-known · das Geschäft, -e = shop/business. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Wir suchen einen zuverlässigen Juwelier.
We are looking for a reliable jeweler.
suchen = to look for · zuverlässig = reliable. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Der Großhändler liefert den Juwelieren in der Stadt Edelsteine.
The wholesaler supplies the jewelers in the city with gemstones.
der Großhändler, - = wholesaler · liefern = to supply/deliver · der Edelstein, -e = gemstone. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Juwelier adds "-n" (Juweliere → Juwelieren) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
der Kaffee — coffee
Plural die Kaffees means "(orders/types of) coffees" — e.g. "zwei Kaffees, bitte" (two coffees, please) — while the everyday, uncountable sense stays singular. Fixed phrase bundled in the dictionary's entry: eine Tasse Kaffee = a cup of coffee.
Nom Der Kaffee ist heute besonders stark.
The coffee is especially strong today.
besonders = especially · stark = strong. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Kaffee is the subject.
Akk Ich nehme Zucker in meinen Kaffee.
I put sugar in my coffee.
der Zucker = sugar · nehmen = to take/put. "Meinen" because maskulin Akkusativ possessive (mein → meinen), the same pattern as ein → einen. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Dat Sie gibt etwas Milch zu dem Kaffee.
She adds a little milk to the coffee.
die Milch = milk · zu + Dativ = to. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein heißer Kaffee tut jetzt gut.
A hot coffee would be nice right now.
heiß = hot · guttun = to do (someone) good. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Ich hätte gern einen Kaffee mit Milch.
I would like a coffee with milk.
ich hätte gern = I would like. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — the same idea as the bundled phrase "eine Tasse Kaffee," without the explicit "Tasse."
Dat Zu den Kaffees gibt es kleine Kekse.
There are little cookies to go with the coffees.
der Keks, -e = cookie. Plural Dativ: article "den"; the count-plural "Kaffees" already ends in "-s," so no further ending is added.
das Kaffeehaus — cafe
A compound of "der Kaffee" (coffee) + "das Haus" (house) — declines exactly like "das Haus": plural die Kaffeehäuser (umlaut + "-er"), Dativ plural die Kaffeehäusern.
Nom Das Kaffeehaus an der Ecke ist sehr gemütlich.
The cafe on the corner is very cozy.
die Ecke, -n = corner · gemütlich = cozy. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Kaffeehaus is the subject.
Akk Wir besuchen das Kaffeehaus jeden Samstag.
We visit the cafe every Saturday.
besuchen = to visit · der Samstag, -e = Saturday. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das). Kaffeehaus is the direct object.
Dat Treffen wir uns im Kaffeehaus an der Ecke.
Let's meet at the cafe on the corner.
sich treffen = to meet · die Ecke, -n = corner. "Im" absorbs "dem" — neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "in." The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Nom Ein neues Kaffeehaus hat vor Kurzem eröffnet.
A new cafe recently opened.
neu = new · vor Kurzem = recently · eröffnen = to open. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Sie eröffnet ein gemütliches Kaffeehaus in der Altstadt.
She is opening a cozy cafe in the old town.
eröffnen = to open (a business) · die Altstadt, ä-e = old town. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ.
Dat In den alten Kaffeehäusern Wiens trifft man sich noch heute.
People still meet in Vienna's old cafes today.
alt = old · sich treffen = to meet · Wien = Vienna. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Kaffeehaus takes an umlaut and adds "-ern" (Kaffeehaus → Kaffeehäuser → Kaffeehäusern), the same pattern as "das Haus → die Häuser."