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Vocab: Weather — A1
Weather vocabulary at A1 level.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
bewölkt — cloudy, overcast
Bewölkt is most often used predicatively with weather: Es ist bewölkt means it is cloudy. Before a noun it takes a normal adjective ending, as in ein bewölkter Himmel.
Heute ist es bewölkt.
It is cloudy today.
heute means today and ist means is. Bewölkt is a predicative adjective after ist and therefore has no ending; es is the impersonal subject used when talking about the weather.
Ein bewölkter Himmel ist nicht immer kalt.
A cloudy sky is not always cold.
der Himmel means the sky, kalt means cold, and nicht immer means not always. Bewölkter comes before the masculine nominative noun after ein and takes -er; the whole phrase is the subject.
Der Himmel ist heute bewölkter als gestern.
The sky is cloudier today than yesterday.
der Himmel means the sky, heute means today, and gestern means yesterday. Bewölkter compares today with yesterday, and als introduces the less cloudy comparison point.
Im November ist es oft am bewölktesten.
In November, it is often cloudiest.
im November means in November and oft means often. Am bewölktesten is the predicative superlative after ist; in takes the dative here because it describes a time period, shown by im.
der Blitz — lightning, flash of lightning; camera flash
Der Blitz can mean one visible flash of lightning or lightning generally. Do not confuse it with der Donner, which means thunder.
Der Blitz ist sehr hell.
The lightning is very bright.
hell means bright. Der Blitz is nominative because it is the subject, and ist is the finite verb in position two.
Ich sehe den Blitz.
I see the lightning.
sehen means to see. Den Blitz is accusative because sehen takes a direct object, and sehe stands in position two.
Bei dem Blitz erschrickt das Kind.
The child is frightened by the flash of lightning.
bei means during or with, and erschrecken means to be frightened. Dem Blitz is dative because bei always takes the dative; das Kind is the subject.
Die Helligkeit des Blitzes war überraschend.
The brightness of the lightning was surprising.
die Helligkeit means brightness and überraschend means surprising. Des Blitzes is genitive because it identifies whose brightness is meant; the noun takes -es after des.
Die Blitze erhellen den Himmel.
The flashes of lightning light up the sky.
erhellen means light up and der Himmel means the sky. Die Blitze is the plural subject, while den Himmel is accusative as the object.
Der Blitz an der Kamera ist ausgeschaltet.
The flash on the camera is switched off.
die Kamera means camera and ausgeschaltet means switched off. Der Blitz is nominative as the subject; an der Kamera is a location phrase with dative after an.
Bitte fotografiere ohne Blitz.
Please take photographs without flash.
bitte means please and fotografieren means to take photographs. Ohne takes the accusative, but no article is used here because Blitz refers to the flash function generally.
blitzen — to flash, to have lightning
Blitzen is normally impersonal: weather is described with es blitzt. The perfect is formed with haben: es hat geblitzt.
Am Himmel blitzt es.
There is lightning in the sky.
am Himmel means in the sky. Blitzt is in position two, and es is the impersonal subject used with weather verbs; there is no person doing the flashing.
In der Nacht hat es geblitzt.
There was lightning during the night.
in der Nacht means during the night. Hat is the auxiliary haben in position two and geblitzt goes to the end; weather blitzen uses haben, not sein.
Gestern blitzte es stundenlang.
Yesterday there was lightning for hours.
gestern means yesterday and stundenlang means for hours. Blitzte is the regular simple-past form in position two, followed by impersonal es.
Blitz nicht so nah bei den Kindern!
Don’t flash so close to the children!
so nah means so close, and bei den Kindern means near the children. Blitz is the singular imperative, but this command is unusual because weather cannot normally be controlled; bei takes the dative.
Wenn es heute Abend blitzte, bliebe ich zu Hause.
If there were lightning this evening, I would stay at home.
heute Abend means this evening, bliebe means would stay, and zu Hause means at home. The form blitzte is identical to the preterite here; in the wenn clause the finite verb goes to the end.
Morgen wird es wieder blitzen.
There will be lightning again tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow and wieder means again. Wird is the finite form of werden in position two, while the infinitive blitzen goes to the end.
freundlich — friendly, kind
freundlich can describe both a person's character and polite behaviour. It is not normally translated as friendship-like; that meaning is expressed by freundschaftlich.
Der Verkäufer ist sehr freundlich.
The shop assistant is very friendly.
der Verkäufer means the shop assistant, and sehr means very. The adjective follows sein in the predicative position and therefore has no ending; ist is the finite verb in position two.
Wir haben eine freundliche Nachbarin.
We have a friendly female neighbour.
eine Nachbarin means a female neighbour, and haben means to have. eine freundliche Nachbarin is accusative because haben takes an accusative object, and the adjective gets -e after eine.
Meine neue Kollegin ist freundlicher als ich.
My new colleague is friendlier than I am.
meine neue Kollegin means my new female colleague, and als ich means than I am. freundlicher adds -er to the adjective; als introduces the second part of the comparison.
Von allen Kindern ist Mia am freundlichsten.
Mia is the friendliest of all the children.
von allen Kindern means of all the children, and von always takes the dative. am freundlichsten is the superlative after sein; ist remains in position two.
frieren — to feel cold, to freeze; to freeze
For the personal feeling of cold, the perfect is hat gefroren. For water or another thing that freezes, German also uses ist gefroren; the verb is strong: frieren – fror – hat/ist gefroren.
Ich friere heute sehr.
I am very cold today.
heute means today and sehr means very. friere is the finite verb in position two; frieren is used without an object when the person feels cold.
Wir haben im Zelt gefroren.
We were cold in the tent.
im Zelt means in the tent. For the sense of feeling cold, frieren forms the perfect with haben, and the Partizip II gefroren goes to the end of the clause.
Gestern fror ich den ganzen Abend.
Yesterday I was cold all evening.
gestern means yesterday and den ganzen Abend means all evening. fror is the strong-verb preterite in position two; the time expression is accusative because it gives the duration.
Frier nicht ohne Jacke!
Don't get cold without a jacket!
nicht means not and ohne Jacke means without a jacket. Frier is the du imperative and has no subject pronoun; ohne takes the accusative, although the feminine form Jacke shows no visible case change.
Wenn du draußen wärst, würdest du frieren.
If you were outside, you would be cold.
draußen means outside and wärst means were. In the wenn clause the finite verb wärst goes to the end, while würdest is in position two in the main clause and frieren goes to the end.
Morgen werde ich wieder frieren.
Tomorrow I will be cold again.
morgen means tomorrow and wieder means again. Future tense uses werde in position two and the infinitive frieren at the end; do not use gefroren after werde.
In der Nacht ist der See gefroren.
The lake froze during the night.
in der Nacht means during the night and der See is the lake. Here gefroren means froze, so the perfect uses ist rather than hat because the verb describes a change of state.
Bei null Grad friert das Wasser.
At zero degrees, the water freezes.
bei null Grad means at zero degrees and das Wasser means the water. bei takes the dative, while das Wasser is nominative as the subject; the finite verb friert is in position two.
frisch — fresh; new, lively, refreshed
For food, frisch means recently made, picked, or bought and still good. The opposite can be alt for bread or verdorben for spoiled food.
Das Brot ist frisch.
The bread is fresh.
das Brot means the bread. frisch is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich kaufe frische Brötchen.
I am buying fresh bread rolls.
kaufe means buy and Brötchen means bread rolls. frische describes the plural accusative object after kaufe and takes -e because there is no article before the plural noun.
Dieses Brot ist frischer als das von gestern.
This bread is fresher than yesterday's bread.
dieses Brot means this bread and von gestern means from yesterday. frischer compares two kinds of bread and is followed by als; after ist, it is predicative and has no ending.
Der Salat ist heute am frischesten.
The salad is the freshest today.
der Salat means the salad and heute means today. am frischesten is the predicative superlative after ist; use this am form after the verb, not before a noun.
Wir brauchen frische Luft.
We need some fresh air.
brauchen means need and Luft means air. frische Luft is the accusative object of brauchen; the feminine adjective takes -e after the unmarked quantity word etwas is understood.
Nach dem Urlaub fühle ich mich frisch.
After the holiday, I feel refreshed.
nach dem Urlaub means after the holiday and fühle ich mich means I feel. mich is accusative because sich fühlen uses an accusative reflexive pronoun, while frisch is predicative and stays unchanged.
der Frühling — spring
Frühling is the usual everyday word for spring. Unlike English, German writes it with a capital letter because all nouns are capitalised.
Der Frühling beginnt im März.
Spring begins in March.
beginnt means begins, and im März means in March. Der Frühling is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb beginnt stands in position two.
Ich liebe den Frühling.
I love spring.
ich means I and liebe means love. Den Frühling is accusative because lieben takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Im Frühling blühen viele Blumen.
In spring, many flowers bloom.
im means in the, blühen means bloom, viele means many, and Blumen means flowers. Im is in dem and forces dative for a time when something happens; Frühling is therefore dative, and blühen follows the fronted time phrase.
Die Tage des Frühlings sind länger.
The days of spring are longer.
die Tage means the days and länger means longer. Des Frühlings is genitive because it means of spring; the masculine noun adds -s, and the finite verb sind is in position two.
Die Frühlinge meiner Kindheit waren schön.
The springs of my childhood were beautiful.
meiner Kindheit means of my childhood, waren means were, and schön means beautiful. Frühlinge is the plural of Frühling and is nominative because it is the subject; meiner Kindheit is genitive in meaning and shows which springs are meant.
heiß — hot; spicy; hot-tasting
For temperature, heiß means hot and its opposite is kalt. For food, it can mean hot in temperature, while scharf normally means hot or spicy in taste.
Der Tee ist heiß.
The tea is hot.
der Tee is tea. Heiß is predicative because it follows ist, a form of sein, and it therefore has no adjective ending; the finite verb is in position two.
Ich trinke eine heiße Suppe.
I am drinking hot soup.
trinke means am drinking, and eine Suppe is a bowl or portion of soup. Heiße stands before the feminine noun Suppe and takes an adjective ending; the whole phrase is accusative because trinken takes a direct object.
Heute ist es heißer als gestern.
Today it is hotter than yesterday.
heute means today, and gestern means yesterday. Heißer compares two temperatures and is followed by als, meaning than; after ist, the comparative is predicative and has no ending.
Im Juli ist es am heißesten.
It is hottest in July.
im Juli means in July. Am heißesten is the superlative used predicatively after ist; am belongs to this superlative pattern and is not an adjective ending.
Die Soße ist zu heiß für mich.
The sauce is too spicy for me.
die Soße is the sauce, and zu means too. Here heiß describes spicy taste rather than temperature; after ist, it is predicative and has no ending.
Er mag heiße Gewürze.
He likes hot spices.
mag means likes, and Gewürze are spices. Heiße Gewürze is accusative because mögen takes a direct object, and heiße has the plural adjective ending before Gewürze.
der Herbst — autumn, fall
Der Herbst is masculine, but seasons are often used with the dative phrase im Herbst, meaning in autumn. The plural die Herbste is uncommon and usually refers to different autumn seasons.
Der Herbst beginnt im September.
Autumn begins in September.
beginnt means begins, and im September means in September. Der Herbst is nominative because it is the subject; im is short for in dem, a dative time expression.
Ich mag den Herbst.
I like autumn.
ich means I and mag means like. Den Herbst is accusative because mögen takes a direct object; the finite verb mag stands in position two.
Im Herbst regnet es oft.
It often rains in autumn.
regnet means rains and oft means often. Im Herbst is dative because in describes a time period here; es is the impersonal subject used with weather verbs.
Die Farben des Herbstes sind schön.
The colours of autumn are beautiful.
die Farben means the colours, and schön means beautiful. Des Herbstes is genitive and means of autumn; the entire phrase Die Farben des Herbstes is the nominative subject.
Die Herbste in dieser Region sind mild.
The autumns in this region are mild.
diese Region means this region, and mild means mild. Herbste is plural and nominative because it is the subject; it is uncommon and refers to different autumn seasons here.
kalt — cold; cold, unemotional, unfriendly
For a person's physical feeling, German usually says Mir ist kalt rather than using ich as the subject. The adjective also describes low temperatures and cold objects.
Das Wasser ist kalt.
The water is cold.
das Wasser means the water. Kalt is predicative after sein, so it has no adjective ending; ist stands in position two.
Ich trage eine kalte Jacke.
I am wearing a cold-weather jacket.
tragen means to wear, and die Jacke is a jacket. Eine kalte Jacke is accusative because tragen takes a direct object; kalte has -e after the indefinite article eine.
Heute ist es kälter als gestern.
Today it is colder than yesterday.
heute means today and gestern means yesterday. Kälter compares two times and is followed by als; after sein, the adjective is predicative and has no ending.
Im Januar ist es am kältesten.
It is coldest in January.
im Januar means in January. Am kältesten is the superlative in the predicative am-form; im is short for in dem and marks a time or location in the dative.
Sein kalter Blick machte mich nervös.
His cold look made me nervous.
sein Blick means his look, and nervös means nervous. Kalter Blick is nominative as the subject, while mich is accusative because machen takes the person affected as an object.
Sie blieb trotz der Kritik kalt.
She remained calm despite the criticism.
blieb means remained, and trotz der Kritik means despite the criticism. Kalt is predicative after blieb and has no ending; trotz commonly takes the genitive here.
klar — clear, plain, understandable; clear, bright, cloudless
For meaning “understandable,” klar is often the opposite of unklar. It can also describe something visually bright or transparent, and its meaning must be read from context.
Die Antwort ist klar.
The answer is clear.
die Antwort means the answer. klar stands after ist and describes the subject, so it is predicative and has no adjective ending.
Wir brauchen eine klare Antwort.
We need a clear answer.
brauchen means to need, and eine Antwort means an answer. eine klare Antwort is accusative because brauchen takes an accusative object; the adjective has -e after eine in the feminine accusative.
Seine Erklärung ist klarer als meine.
His explanation is clearer than mine.
seine Erklärung means his explanation, and meine means mine. klarer compares two things and is followed by als; after ist it is predicative and has no adjective ending.
Diese Regel ist am klarsten.
This rule is the clearest.
diese Regel means this rule. am klarsten is the predicative superlative, formed with am and -sten; it stands after ist, while the finite verb remains in position two.
Das Wasser ist klar.
The water is clear.
das Wasser means the water. klar is predicative after ist, so it describes the water without an adjective ending.
Heute haben wir einen klaren Himmel.
Today we have a clear sky.
heute means today and der Himmel means the sky. einen klaren Himmel is accusative because haben takes an accusative object; the masculine adjective takes -en after einen.
kühl — cool, chilly; cool, reserved, unfriendly
Kühl is milder than kalt and often describes pleasant low temperatures. It can also describe a person or manner as emotionally reserved.
Das Wasser ist kühl.
The water is cool.
das Wasser means the water. Kühl is predicative after ist and therefore has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Ich trinke ein kühles Getränk.
I am drinking a cool drink.
trinke means drink, and das Getränk is the drink. Kühles describes the accusative neuter noun Getränk after ein, so it takes the ending -es.
Heute ist es kühler als gestern.
Today it is cooler than yesterday.
heute means today and gestern means yesterday. Kühler compares today with yesterday and is followed by als; ist remains in position two.
Im Keller ist es am kühlsten.
It is coolest in the cellar.
der Keller is the cellar, and im means in dem, in the. Am kühlsten is the predicative superlative; im Keller is dative because in describes a location here.
Sie gab mir eine kühle Antwort.
She gave me a cool, unfriendly answer.
gab means gave, mir means to me, and die Antwort is the answer. Kühle describes the feminine accusative object Antwort after eine, while the past-tense verb gab stands in position two.
Seine Reaktion war ziemlich kühl.
His reaction was rather cool.
seine Reaktion means his reaction, and ziemlich means rather or quite. Kühl follows war as a predicative adjective and therefore has no ending.
nass — wet
Nass describes something that has water on or in it and is the opposite of trocken, dry. Its comparison is regular: nass – nasser – am nassesten.
Meine Jacke ist nass.
My jacket is wet.
meine Jacke means my jacket. Nass is predicative after ist, so it has no adjective ending; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Ich trage eine nasse Jacke.
I am wearing a wet jacket.
tragen means to wear or carry, and eine Jacke means a jacket. Nasse comes before the feminine accusative noun Jacke and takes -e after eine; the whole noun phrase is the object of trage.
Der Boden ist heute nasser als gestern.
The ground is wetter today than yesterday.
der Boden means the ground, heute means today, and gestern means yesterday. Nasser is a predicative comparative and has no ending; als introduces the thing used for comparison.
Nach dem Sturm ist der Weg am nassesten.
After the storm, the path is the wettest.
nach dem Sturm means after the storm, and der Weg means the path. Am nassesten is the predicative superlative after ist; nach takes the dative, shown by dem Sturm.
der Nebel — fog, mist
Nebel is usually an uncountable weather noun when talking about fog generally, so it often appears without an article. The plural Nebel is used for separate areas or types of fog.
Der Nebel liegt heute über dem Feld.
The fog is over the field today.
heute means today and das Feld is the field. Der Nebel is nominative because it is the subject; über dem Feld is dative because it describes a fixed location.
Ich sehe den Nebel vor dem Fenster.
I can see the fog in front of the window.
sehen means to see, vor dem Fenster means in front of the window, and das Fenster is the window. Den Nebel is accusative because sehen takes a direct object; vor dem Fenster is dative because it describes location.
Wir fahren wegen des Nebels langsam.
We are driving slowly because of the fog.
fahren means drive or travel, wegen means because of, and langsam means slowly. Wegen normally takes the genitive, so des Nebels is genitive; langsam describes how we drive.
Die Farbe des Nebels ist grau.
The colour of the fog is grey.
die Farbe is the colour and grau means grey. Des Nebels is genitive because it says whose colour it is; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Am Morgen sehen wir oft Nebel.
In the morning we often see fog.
am Morgen means in the morning and oft means often. Nebel is the accusative object of sehen; here it is used without an article as an uncountable weather substance, even though the noun also has the plural die Nebel for separate areas or banks of fog.
der Regen — rain; rain, rainy weather
der Regen is normally an uncountable weather noun, so it has no plural in this everyday sense. German often says Es regnet for “It is raining”, using the related verb rather than the noun.
Der Regen ist heute sehr stark.
The rain is very heavy today.
heute means today, and sehr stark means very heavy or strong. Der Regen is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich höre den Regen am Fenster.
I can hear the rain at the window.
höre means hear, and am Fenster means at the window. Den Regen is accusative because hören takes a direct object; am means an dem, and dem Fenster is dative after the location preposition.
Wir gehen bei Regen nicht spazieren.
We do not go for a walk when it rains.
bei Regen means when it rains or in rainy weather, and spazieren gehen means go for a walk. Bei takes the dative, but the uncountable noun has no visible article here; nicht negates the activity.
Der Geruch des Regens ist angenehm.
The smell of the rain is pleasant.
der Geruch means the smell, and angenehm means pleasant. Des Regens is genitive because it tells us whose smell it is; the masculine noun adds -s in the genitive.
Wegen des Regens bleiben wir zu Hause.
Because of the rain, we are staying at home.
wegen means because of, bleiben means stay, and zu Hause means at home. Des Regens is genitive because wegen traditionally governs the genitive; the main verb bleiben is in position two.
Der Regen hat unser Picknick verdorben.
The rain spoiled our picnic.
unser Picknick means our picnic, and verdorben means spoiled. Der Regen is nominative as the subject, unser Picknick is accusative as the object, and hat verdorben forms a perfect-tense sentence bracket.
der Regenschirm — umbrella
The compound Regen means rain and Schirm means cover or umbrella. It is a normal masculine noun with plural Regenschirme.
Der Regenschirm ist im Flur.
The umbrella is in the hallway.
der Regenschirm means umbrella, and der Flur means hallway. The noun is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist is in position two.
Ich nehme den Regenschirm.
I am taking the umbrella.
nehmen means to take. den Regenschirm is accusative because nehmen takes a direct object, and the finite verb nehme stands in position two.
Ich gehe mit dem Regenschirm nach draußen.
I am going outside with the umbrella.
nach draußen means outside. mit always takes the dative, so dem Regenschirm is dative; the finite verb gehe is in position two.
Die Farbe des Regenschirms ist rot.
The umbrella’s colour is red.
die Farbe means colour and rot means red. des Regenschirms is genitive because it shows whose colour it is, and the genitive noun has -s.
Im Laden liegen viele Regenschirme.
There are many umbrellas in the shop.
im Laden means in the shop, and viele means many. Regenschirme is the plural of der Regenschirm; im is short for in dem, which takes the dative for a location.
regnen — to rain
Regnen is an impersonal weather verb and normally appears with es, as in es regnet. Its perfect uses haben: es hat geregnet.
Es regnet den ganzen Tag.
It is raining all day.
den ganzen Tag means “all day.” Es is an impersonal subject with no particular meaning, and regnet is in position two; weather verbs do not normally name a person or thing that rains.
Es hat den ganzen Tag geregnet.
It rained all day.
den ganzen Tag means “all day.” The perfect uses hat plus geregnet, not ist geregnet; hat stands in position two and the Partizip II goes to the end.
Gestern regnete es ununterbrochen.
Yesterday it rained continuously.
gestern means “yesterday,” and ununterbrochen means “continuously.” In the simple past, regnete is the finite verb in position two, while es remains the impersonal subject.
Regne bitte nicht heute!
Please do not rain today!
bitte means “please,” and heute means “today.” This is a playful or unusual use because regnen normally has no real person to command; in ordinary weather talk, use es regnet.
Wenn es wärmer wäre, regnete es vielleicht weniger.
If it were warmer, perhaps it would rain less.
wärmer means “warmer,” vielleicht means “perhaps,” and weniger means “less.” Regnete is the Konjunktiv II form here; the verb goes to the end of the wenn clause, but stays in position two in the main clause.
Morgen wird es den ganzen Tag regnen.
It will rain all day tomorrow.
morgen means “tomorrow,” and den ganzen Tag means “all day.” Futur I uses wird in position two and the infinitive regnen at the end; do not use the participle geregnet after wird.
der Schnee — snow
Schnee is an uncountable mass noun and normally has no plural. For different kinds or areas of snow, German can sometimes use Schneemengen, meaning quantities of snow, but learners should not form a regular plural of Schnee.
Der Schnee fällt.
The snow is falling.
fallen means to fall. Der Schnee is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb fällt stands in position two; Schnee is normally used as a singular mass noun.
Die Kinder lieben den Schnee.
The children love the snow.
die Kinder are the children, and lieben means to love. den Schnee is accusative because lieben takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Wir spielen im Schnee.
We are playing in the snow.
wir spielen means we are playing. im Schnee means in the snow; in takes the dative here because the sentence describes a fixed location, not movement into it.
Wegen des Schnees bleiben die Straßen leer.
Because of the snow, the roads remain empty.
wegen means because of, die Straßen are the roads, and leer means empty. des Schnees is genitive because the formal preposition wegen governs the genitive; the finite verb bleiben is in position two.
Heute liegt viel Schnee.
There is a lot of snow on the ground today.
heute means today, liegen means to lie or be on the ground, and viel means a lot of. Schnee has no normal plural here because it is a mass noun; the finite verb liegt stands in position two.
schneien — to snow
Schneien is an impersonal weather verb and normally uses es: es schneit, it is snowing. It forms the perfect with haben, not sein, even though snow is falling or moving through the air.
Heute schneit es.
It is snowing today.
heute means today, and es is the formal subject used with weather verbs. In the main clause, the finite verb schneit stands in position two; German normally requires es, even though it does not refer to a thing.
Es hat die ganze Nacht geschneit.
It snowed all night.
die ganze Nacht means all night. The perfect uses hat plus geschneit because schneien takes haben; the Partizip II goes at the end of the clause.
Gestern schneite es den ganzen Tag.
It snowed all day yesterday.
gestern means yesterday and den ganzen Tag means all day. Schneite is the weak simple-past form, and the impersonal subject es remains after the verb because gestern occupies the first position.
Schneie bitte an Weihnachten!
Please snow at Christmas!
bitte means please and an Weihnachten means at Christmas. Schneie is a playful command to the weather, not a normal everyday request; normally German says es soll schneien instead.
Wenn es morgen schneite, blieben wir zu Hause.
If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at home.
morgen means tomorrow, blieben means would stay, and zu Hause means at home. Schneite has the same spelling in the simple past and Konjunktiv II; in the wenn-clause it stands at the end because subordinate clauses put the finite verb last.
Morgen wird es vielleicht schneien.
It may snow tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow and vielleicht means perhaps. Wird is the finite verb in position two, while schneien goes to the end as the infinitive; the weather subject es is still required.
sonnig — sunny; cheerful, optimistic
sonnig describes weather, places, or periods with a lot of sunshine. It can also describe a bright, cheerful atmosphere, but the usual opposite is regnerisch (rainy).
Heute ist es sonnig.
It is sunny today.
heute means today and ist es means it is. sonnig is predicative after sein, so it has no adjective ending; the weather expression uses impersonal es.
Wir machen einen Spaziergang an einem sonnigen Tag.
We are going for a walk on a sunny day.
einen Spaziergang machen means go for a walk, and der Tag is the day. an einem sonnigen Tag is dative because an describes a location or time here; sonnigen has a dative masculine ending after einem.
Heute ist es sonniger als gestern.
Today it is sunnier than yesterday.
heute means today, gestern means yesterday, and als means than. sonniger compares two days and is predicative after ist, so it has no extra adjective ending.
Im Juli ist es hier am sonnigsten.
It is sunniest here in July.
im Juli means in July and hier means here. am sonnigsten is the predicative superlative, built with am plus -sten; before a noun, use a form such as der sonnigste Tag instead.
Sie hat ein sonniges Gemüt.
She has a sunny disposition.
sie hat means she has, and das Gemüt means disposition or temperament. ein sonniges Gemüt is accusative because haben takes a direct object; sonniges has the neuter ending after ein.
Seine sonnige Art gefällt allen.
Everyone likes his cheerful manner.
seine Art means his manner, gefällt means pleases, and allen means everyone. seine sonnige Art is the subject, while allen is dative because gefallen takes the person who likes something in the dative.
warm — warm; warm-hearted, friendly
For temperature, warm is the opposite of kalt. It can describe air, food, drinks, clothing and places.
Das Wasser ist warm.
The water is warm.
das Wasser means water. The adjective warm follows the linking verb ist and therefore has no ending; it describes the subject in the nominative case.
Ich trage einen warmen Pullover.
I am wearing a warm sweater.
tragen means to wear and der Pullover is a sweater. einen warmen Pullover is accusative because tragen takes a direct object, and the adjective gets -en after einen.
Heute ist es wärmer als gestern.
Today it is warmer than yesterday.
heute means today and gestern means yesterday. wärmer compares today with yesterday and is followed by als; the finite verb ist is in position two.
Im Juli ist es am wärmsten.
It is warmest in July.
im Juli means in July. am wärmsten is the predicative superlative, and in takes the dative here because it describes a time when something happens, not movement into a place.
Sie hat mich warm begrüßt.
She gave me a warm welcome.
begrüßen means to welcome and mich means me. warm is used adverbially to describe the manner of welcoming, while hat begrüßt is the perfect tense with haben.
Er ist ein warmer und freundlicher Mensch.
He is a warm and friendly person.
freundlich means friendly and der Mensch means person. ein warmer und freundlicher Mensch is nominative after ist, and both adjectives take endings before the noun.
wehen — to blow, to be windy
Wehen describes wind or air moving and is usually used without an object. Its perfect is formed with haben: der Wind hat geweht; do not confuse it with wehtun, which means to hurt.
Heute weht ein kalter Wind.
A cold wind is blowing today.
heute means today, and ein kalter Wind means a cold wind. The verb weht is in position two; ein kalter Wind is the subject, not an object, so wehen does not assign the accusative here.
Am Meer hat ein starker Wind geweht.
A strong wind was blowing by the sea.
am Meer means by the sea, and ein starker Wind means a strong wind. Geweht pairs with haben and goes to the end; am is short for an dem, with dative after an for a location.
Gestern wehte der Wind den ganzen Tag.
Yesterday the wind blew all day.
gestern means yesterday, and den ganzen Tag means all day. Wehte is the regular past form and stands in position two; the time phrase den ganzen Tag is accusative because it measures the duration.
Weh bitte leiser!
Blow more gently, please!
bitte means please, and leiser means more gently or more quietly. This is a command to one person; the imperative weh is rare in everyday speech and is more natural when addressing wind figuratively.
Wenn es morgen wehen würde, blieben wir zu Hause.
If it were windy tomorrow, we would stay at home.
morgen means tomorrow, and zu Hause bleiben means stay at home. In the wenn clause, wehen goes to the end; würde marks the hypothetical situation, while blieben is the conditional form of bleiben.
Morgen wird ein warmer Wind wehen.
A warm wind will blow tomorrow.
morgen means tomorrow, and ein warmer Wind means a warm wind. Wird is in position two and the infinitive wehen goes to the end; ein warmer Wind is the subject.
das Wetter — weather
das Wetter is normally a mass noun, so it has no ordinary plural in everyday German. To describe particular conditions, German usually uses expressions such as schönes Wetter or schlechtes Wetter.
Das Wetter ist heute schön.
The weather is nice today.
heute means today and schön means nice or fine. Das Wetter is nominative because it is the subject; the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich beobachte das Wetter.
I observe the weather.
ich means I and beobachte means observe or watch. das Wetter is accusative because beobachten takes an accusative object; the finite verb beobachte is in position two.
Bei dem Wetter bleibe ich zu Hause.
In this weather, I am staying at home.
bei means in or with, bleibe means stay, and zu Hause means at home. bei always takes the dative, so dem Wetter is dative; the phrase comes first, so bleibe remains in position two.
Wegen des Wetters fällt das Picknick aus.
The picnic is cancelled because of the weather.
wegen means because of, das Picknick means the picnic, and fällt aus means is cancelled. wegen takes the genitive, so des Wetters is genitive; the separable verb ausfallen splits in the main clause, with fällt in position two and aus at the end.
Im Herbst wechselt das Wetter oft.
The weather often changes in autumn.
im Herbst means in autumn, wechselt means changes, and oft means often. Wetter is normally an uncountable mass noun in German and has no ordinary plural; das Wetter is the nominative subject.
der Wind — wind
Der Wind is moving air. The plural die Winde is used for different winds or air currents; in everyday weather talk, the singular is much more common.
Der Wind ist heute kalt.
The wind is cold today.
heute means “today”, and kalt means “cold”. Der Wind is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich spüre den Wind am Meer.
I can feel the wind by the sea.
spüre means “can feel”, and am Meer means “by the sea”. Den Wind is accusative because spüren takes an accusative object; am Meer is a shortened form of an dem Meer.
Wir gehen bei dem Wind nicht spazieren.
We are not going for a walk in this wind.
gehen spazieren means “go for a walk”, and nicht means “not”. Bei dem Wind is dative because the preposition bei always takes the dative, and the finite verb gehen is in position two.
Die Stärke des Winds überrascht mich.
The strength of the wind surprises me.
Die Stärke means “the strength”, and überrascht means “surprises”. Des Winds is genitive because it says whose strength it is; mich is accusative because I am the person surprised.
Die Winde an der Küste sind oft stark.
The winds on the coast are often strong.
an der Küste means “on the coast”, and oft stark means “often strong”. Die Winde is plural and nominative as the subject, so the verb is plural: sind.
windig — windy
Windig describes weather or a place with a lot of wind. Its regular comparison is windiger, am windigsten.
Heute ist es windig.
It is windy today.
Heute means “today”, and es ist means “it is”. Windig is predicative after sein, so it has no adjective ending; ist is in position two.
Wir brauchen eine windige Jacke.
We need a windproof jacket.
brauchen means “need”, and eine Jacke is “a jacket”. Windige stands before the feminine accusative noun Jacke and takes -e after eine; the whole noun phrase is accusative because brauchen takes an accusative object.
Am Strand ist es heute windiger als gestern.
It is windier at the beach today than yesterday.
Am Strand means “at the beach”, and gestern means “yesterday”. Windiger compares today with yesterday using als; because it follows ist es, it is predicative and has no adjective ending.
Im Herbst ist es hier am windigsten.
It is windiest here in autumn.
Im Herbst means “in autumn”, and hier means “here”. Am windigsten is the predicative superlative, formed with am plus -sten; it does not stand directly before a noun.
der Winter — winter
For a particular time of year, German usually uses im Winter, meaning in winter. The plural is unchanged: der Winter, die Winter.
Der Winter ist kalt.
Winter is cold.
kalt means cold. Der Winter is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich mag den Winter.
I like winter.
mögen means to like. Den Winter is accusative because mögen takes a direct object; the masculine article changes from der to den.
Im Winter fahre ich oft Ski.
In winter I often go skiing.
fahren means to go or ride, and oft means often. im Winter means in winter; in takes the dative here because this is a time expression, not movement into a place.
Die Kälte des Winters ist stark.
The cold of winter is intense.
die Kälte means the cold and stark means intense or strong. des Winters is genitive because it means of winter, and the masculine noun adds -s.
Die Winter in Kanada sind lang.
The winters in Canada are long.
Kanada is Canada and lang means long. Winter can be singular or plural in spelling; here die and sind show that it is plural and nominative.
die Wolke — cloud
Die Wolke ist sehr dunkel.
The cloud is very dark.
sehr dunkel means very dark. Die Wolke is nominative because it is the subject, and the finite verb ist stands in position two.
Ich sehe eine Wolke.
I can see a cloud.
ich sehe means I see, and eine means a. Eine Wolke is accusative because sehen takes a direct object; the feminine article remains eine in nominative and accusative.
Unter der Wolke ist es kühl.
It is cool under the cloud.
unter means under, kühl means cool, and es is the formal subject meaning it. Der Wolke is dative because unter describes a location here; the verb ist comes after the initial prepositional phrase.
Die Farbe der Wolke verändert sich.
The colour of the cloud changes.
die Farbe means the colour and verändert sich means changes. Der Wolke is genitive because it identifies whose colour it is; feminine genitive uses der without changing the noun.
Am Himmel ziehen viele Wolken vorbei.
Many clouds pass across the sky.
am Himmel means in or across the sky and ziehen vorbei means pass by. Wolken is plural with -n, while am is dative because it refers to the location.
der Zug — train; pull; draught; move in a game
Der Zug usually means train. With mit, use the dative in mit dem Zug; Zug can also have other meanings such as a pull or a move in a game.
Der Zug kommt um acht Uhr an.
The train arrives at eight o’clock.
um acht Uhr means at eight o’clock and ankommen means to arrive. Der Zug is nominative because it is the subject; the separable verb kommt ... an puts kommt in position two and an at the end.
Ich nehme den Zug nach Berlin.
I am taking the train to Berlin.
nehmen means to take and nach Berlin means to Berlin. Den Zug is accusative because nehmen takes a direct object; the finite verb nehme stands in position two.
Wir fahren mit dem Zug.
We are travelling by train.
fahren means to travel or go by vehicle. Mit always takes the dative, so dem Zug is dative; the finite verb fahren is in position two.
Die Türen des Zuges sind geschlossen.
The train’s doors are closed.
die Türen means the doors and geschlossen means closed. Des Zuges is genitive because it shows that the doors belong to the train; the finite verb sind is in position two and geschlossen is the predicative adjective.
Am Bahnhof warten viele Züge.
Many trains are waiting at the station.
der Bahnhof means the station and viele means many. Züge is plural and nominative because it is the subject; the plural changes u to ü and adds -e, and warten follows in position two.
Du bist Zug – mach deinen Zug.
It’s your turn—make your move.
Du bist Zug is a fixed expression meaning it is your turn, and deinen Zug means your move. The second Zug is accusative because machen takes a direct object; mach is the imperative and the finite verb comes first.
Der Zug an der Tür war sehr stark.
The draught at the door was very strong.
die Tür means the door and stark means strong. Here Zug means draught or current of air; an der Tür uses the dative for location, while war is in position two.