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German Student Dictionary — Part 17
Dictionary entries, alphabetical: dunkel – Eiche.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
dunkel — dark
Adjectives ending in "-el" drop the "e" before an ending: dunkel → dunkle (not "dunkele") — as in the dictionary's own phrase "eine dunkle Farbe" (a deep/dark color). Same pattern as "teuer" → "teure."
Es ist dunkel draußen.
It's dark out.
dunkel = dark · draußen = outside. Predicate adjective — no ending after "ist."
Der Himmel wird nach Sonnenuntergang dunkel.
The sky grows dark after the sun sets.
der Himmel = sky · der Sonnenuntergang, -e = sunset · werden = to become/grow. "Dunkel" stays uninflected after "werden," the same as after "sein."
dünn — thin; skinny
Regular adjective, takes normal endings when attributive: dünn → dünne/dünner/dünnes.
Die Giraffe hat dünne Beine.
The giraffe has thin legs.
die Giraffe, -n = giraffe · das Bein, -e = leg. "Dünne" — plural attributive ending (no article before "Beine").
das Durcheinander — mess
From "durch" (through) + "einander" (one another) — literally "through one another." Uncountable/abstract noun for chaos or a mess, like "der Ärger" — no natural plural, so this entry skips the indefinite-article and plural drills.
Nom Das Durcheinander in der Küche ist groß.
The mess in the kitchen is big.
das Durcheinander (neutral) = mess · die Küche, -n = kitchen · groß = big. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Durcheinander is the subject.
Akk Räum bitte das Durcheinander in deinem Zimmer auf.
Please clean up the mess in your room.
aufräumen = to clean/tidy up (separable) · das Zimmer = room. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das). Durcheinander is the direct object of "aufräumen." The dictionary's own example.
Dat Ich komme mit dem Durcheinander nicht zurecht.
I can't cope with the mess.
zurechtkommen mit = to cope/deal with (+ Dativ, separable verb). "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
dürfen — may; to be allowed
Modal verb, irregular: ich darf, du darfst, er/sie/es darf, wir dürfen, ihr dürft, sie/Sie dürfen. Vowel changes between the singular (a) and the plural (ü) — the source's own conjugation list, reconstructed from OCR-garbled forms.
Darf ich Ihnen helfen?
May I help you?
helfen = to help (+ Dativ) · Ihnen = you (formal, Dativ). "Darf" — ich-form of the modal verb "dürfen." The dictionary's own example.
Wir dürfen heute ins Kino gehen.
We are allowed to go to the movies today.
das Kino, -s = movie theater · ins = in + das (contraction). "Dürfen" — wir-form, takes the umlaut in the plural.
der Durst — thirst
Usually used without an article in the fixed idiom "Durst haben" (to be thirsty) — the dictionary's own example: "Darf ich ein Glas Wasser haben? Ich habe noch Durst." (May I have a glass of water? I am still thirsty.) Compare "der Appetit" and "der Hunger," which behave the same way. The plural (die Durste) is rare and mostly figurative, since "der Durst" is usually used only in the singular.
Nom Der Durst wird immer größer.
The thirst keeps growing.
der Durst (maskulin) = thirst · immer größer werden = to keep growing/getting bigger. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Durst is the subject.
Akk Das kalte Wasser stillt den Durst sofort.
The cold water quenches the thirst immediately.
stillen = to quench/satisfy · sofort = immediately. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Durst is the direct object.
Dat Nach dem Marathon leidet er unter dem großen Durst.
After the marathon he suffers from great thirst.
leiden unter = to suffer from (+ Dativ) · der Marathon, -s = marathon. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "unter."
Nom Ein starker Durst plagt die Wanderer.
A strong thirst plagues the hikers.
stark = strong · plagen = to plague/torment · der Wanderer = hiker. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Die heiße Sonne verursacht einen großen Durst.
The hot sun causes great thirst.
heiß = hot · verursachen = to cause. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Der Wirt richtet sich nach den unterschiedlichen Dursten der Wanderer.
The innkeeper caters to the hikers' differing thirsts.
der Wirt = innkeeper · sich richten nach = to go by/cater to (+ Dativ) · unterschiedlich = differing. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Durst adds "-n" to its rare plural (Durste → Dursten) — a figurative plural, since "der Durst" is normally singular-only.
durstig — thirsty
Tagged as an adverb in the source ("durstig (sein)"), though it functions as a predicate adjective — "durstig sein" = "to be thirsty." A genuinely distinct word from "der Durst," bundled into the same source paragraph.
Nach dem Sport bin ich sehr durstig.
After sports I am very thirsty.
durstig = thirsty · der Sport = sports/exercise. Predicate adjective — no ending after "bin" (sein).
die Dusche — shower
Plural: die Duschen. Related verb: sich duschen (to shower/take a shower).
Nom Die Dusche ist kaputt.
The shower is broken.
die Dusche (feminin) = shower · kaputt = broken. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Dusche is the subject.
Akk Ich putze die Dusche jeden Samstag.
I clean the shower every Saturday.
putzen = to clean · der Samstag = Saturday. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Nach dem Sport gehe ich sofort zu der Dusche.
After sports I go straight to the shower.
zu = to (+ Dativ) · sofort = immediately. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "zu."
Nom Eine kalte Dusche weckt mich sofort auf.
A cold shower wakes me up immediately.
kalt = cold · aufwecken = to wake (someone) up. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Ziehen Sie eine Dusche oder ein Bad vor?
Do you prefer a shower or a bath?
vorziehen = to prefer (separable) · das Bad, ä-er = bath. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ. The dictionary's own example.
Dat Wir sind zufrieden mit den neuen Duschen im Fitnessstudio.
We are happy with the new showers at the gym.
zufrieden = satisfied/happy · das Fitnessstudio, -s = gym. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Duschen already ends in "-n" (from its own "-n" plural), so no further "-n" is added.
das Düsenflugzeug — jet
Plural: die Düsenflugzeuge. Built from "die Düse" (nozzle/jet) + "das Flugzeug" (airplane). Opposite: "das Propellerflugzeug" (propeller plane), as in the dictionary's own comparison.
Nom Das Düsenflugzeug ist schneller als das Propellerflugzeug.
The jet is faster than the propeller plane.
das Düsenflugzeug (neutral) = jet · schneller als = faster than · das Propellerflugzeug = propeller plane. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Düsenflugzeug is the subject. Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which compared the plural forms without an article.
Akk Die Fluggesellschaft kauft das neue Düsenflugzeug.
The airline buys the new jet.
die Fluggesellschaft, -en = airline · kaufen = to buy. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Der Pilot sitzt vorne in dem Düsenflugzeug.
The pilot sits at the front of the jet.
der Pilot, -en = pilot · vorne = at the front. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "in."
Nom Ein Düsenflugzeug fliegt über die Stadt.
A jet flies over the city.
fliegen über = to fly over · die Stadt, ä-e = city. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Die Regierung bestellt ein neues Düsenflugzeug.
The government orders a new jet.
die Regierung, -en = government · bestellen = to order. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases.
Dat Der Flughafen ist voll mit den lauten Düsenflugzeugen.
The airport is full of loud jets.
der Flughafen, ä- = airport · laut = loud. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Düsenflugzeug adds "-n" (Düsenflugzeuge → Düsenflugzeugen) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
düster — dim
Also covers "gloomy" or "murky" in a figurative sense (eine düstere Stimmung = a gloomy mood), the way English "dim" can extend beyond just light.
Das Licht in diesem Zimmer ist zu düster.
The light in this room is too dim.
das Licht, -er = light · das Zimmer = room · zu = too. Predicate adjective — no ending after "ist."
das Dutzend — dozen
As a counting unit directly after a number, Dutzend stays unchanged and takes no plural ending: "drei Dutzend Eier" (three dozen eggs), similar to "Stück" or "Paar." It only takes the regular plural ending (Dutzende) when used on its own to mean "dozens," as in "Dutzende von Leuten" (dozens of people).
Nom Das Dutzend Eier kostet zwei Euro.
The dozen eggs cost two euros.
das Dutzend (neutral) = dozen · kosten = to cost · das Ei, -er = egg. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Dutzend is the subject; as a counting unit before a noun, Dutzend itself doesn't change.
Akk Der Bäcker verkauft das Dutzend Brötchen für einen Euro.
The baker sells the dozen rolls for one euro.
der Bäcker = baker · verkaufen = to sell · das Brötchen = roll. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das). Dutzend Brötchen is the direct object.
Dat Zwei von dem Dutzend Eiern sind kaputt.
Two of the dozen eggs are broken.
von = of/from (+ Dativ) · kaputt = broken. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "von."
Nom Ein Dutzend ist zwölf.
A dozen is twelve.
zwölf = twelve. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das." Ein Dutzend, standing alone, equals twelve.
Akk Mein Bruder wird ein Dutzend Eier kaufen.
My brother is going to buy a dozen eggs.
der Bruder, ü- = brother · kaufen = to buy. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases. The dictionary's own example.
Dat Der Verkäufer rechnet mit den Dutzenden von Bestellungen.
The salesperson is counting on dozens of orders.
rechnen mit = to reckon with/count on (+ Dativ) · die Bestellung, -en = order. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Dutzend's plural adds "-n" (Dutzende → Dutzenden) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s. "Dutzende von X" is the standard way to say "dozens of X."
eben — flat
Also used as a filler word/particle meaning "just" or "precisely" ("Das ist eben so" = "That's just how it is") — a separate, very common everyday sense not covered by this entry's examples.
Man braucht eine ebene Oberfläche, um dieses Spiel zu spielen.
You need a flat surface to play this game.
brauchen = to need · die Oberfläche, -n = surface. "Ebene" — feminin Akkusativ ending (-e) after "eine." The dictionary's own example.
die Ecke — corner
Plural: die Ecken. The bundled fixed phrase "an der Ecke" (on the corner) is used directly in one of the examples below rather than as its own entry.
Nom Die Ecke im Wohnzimmer ist gemütlich.
The corner in the living room is cozy.
die Ecke (feminin) = corner · das Wohnzimmer = living room · gemütlich = cozy. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Ecke is the subject.
Akk Wir streichen die Ecke neu.
We're repainting the corner.
streichen = to paint. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Das Café ist an der Ecke.
The café is on the corner.
das Café, -s = café · an der Ecke = on the corner (fixed phrase from the source). "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "an."
Nom Eine ruhige Ecke im Park lädt zum Lesen ein.
A quiet corner in the park invites you to read.
ruhig = quiet · einladen zu = to invite to (separable). "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Dieser Tisch hat eine scharfe Ecke.
This table has a sharp corner.
der Tisch, -e = table · scharf = sharp. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ. The dictionary's own example.
Dat Die Polizei kontrolliert die Autos an den belebten Ecken.
The police check cars at the busy corners.
die Polizei = police · belebt = busy/lively. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Ecken already ends in "-n" (from its own "-n" plural), so no further "-n" is added.
der Edelstein — jewel
Plural: die Edelsteine. Built from "edel" (noble/precious) + "der Stein" (stone) — literally "precious stone."
Nom Der Edelstein glänzt im Licht.
The jewel gleams in the light.
der Edelstein (maskulin) = jewel · glänzen = to gleam/shine · das Licht, -er = light. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Edelstein is the subject.
Akk Der Juwelier untersucht den Edelstein genau.
The jeweler examines the jewel closely.
der Juwelier, -e = jeweler · untersuchen = to examine · genau = closely/precisely. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den).
Dat Der Ring ist mit dem grünen Edelstein sehr wertvoll.
The ring is very valuable with the green gem.
der Ring, -e = ring · wertvoll = valuable. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "mit."
Nom Ein Edelstein liegt auf dem Samtkissen.
A gem lies on the velvet cushion.
liegen = to lie/be located · das Samtkissen = velvet cushion. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Sie kauft einen Edelstein für die Kette.
She buys a gem for the necklace.
kaufen = to buy · die Kette, -n = necklace/chain. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Die Krone der Königin ist mit den funkelnden Edelsteinen belegt.
The queen's crown is covered with the sparkling jewels.
die Krone, -n = crown · die Königin, -nen = queen · belegt sein mit = to be covered with (+ Dativ) · funkelnd = sparkling. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Edelstein adds "-n" (Edelsteine → Edelsteinen). Adapted from the dictionary's own example.
die Ehefrau — wife
Plural: die Ehefrauen. "Die Frau" is a common synonym for "wife" in everyday speech, especially with a possessive — "meine Frau" = "my wife" — and is bundled with "Ehefrau" in the source rather than getting its own entry here (it will appear on its own, meaning "woman," under "F").
Nom Seine Ehefrau heißt Madeleine.
His wife's name is Madeleine.
die Ehefrau (feminin) = wife · heißen = to be named. "Ehefrau" — feminin Nominativ, the subject; the dictionary's own example, using the possessive "seine" (his) in place of "die."
Akk Er liebt seine Ehefrau sehr.
He loves his wife very much.
lieben = to love · sehr = very much. Feminine possessive "seine" is unchanged between Nominativ and Akkusativ, the same pattern as "die"/"die."
Dat Er schenkt seiner Ehefrau Blumen.
He gives his wife flowers as a gift.
schenken = to give as a gift (+ Dativ for the recipient) · die Blume, -n = flower. "Seiner" because feminin Dativ possessive (sein → seiner).
Nom Eine glückliche Ehefrau lächelt oft.
A happy wife smiles often.
glücklich = happy · lächeln = to smile · oft = often. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Er sucht eine Ehefrau, die Deutsch spricht.
He is looking for a wife who speaks German.
suchen = to look for · sprechen = to speak. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Der Verein organisiert ein Treffen mit den Ehefrauen der Mitglieder.
The club organizes a meeting with the members' wives.
der Verein, -e = club · das Mitglied, -er = member. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Ehefrauen already ends in "-n" (from its own "-n" plural), so no further "-n" is added.
der Ehemann — husband
Plural: die Ehemänner (umlaut + "-er", like "der Mann" → "die Männer"). "Der Mann" is a common synonym for "husband" in everyday speech, especially with a possessive — "mein Mann" = "my husband" — and is bundled with "Ehemann" in the source rather than getting its own entry here (it will appear on its own, meaning "man," under "M").
Nom Wie heißt Ihr Ehemann?
What is your husband's name?
der Ehemann (maskulin) = husband · heißen = to be named. Ehemann is the subject here, maskulin Nominativ. The dictionary's own example.
Akk Sie begleitet ihren Ehemann zur Arbeit.
She accompanies her husband to work.
begleiten = to accompany · die Arbeit = work. "Ihren" because maskulin Akkusativ possessive (ihr → ihren) — mirrors ein → einen.
Dat Sie hilft ihrem Ehemann im Garten.
She helps her husband in the garden.
helfen = to help (+ Dativ) · der Garten, ä- = garden. "Ihrem" because maskulin Dativ possessive (ihr → ihrem) — mirrors ein → einem.
Nom Ein guter Ehemann hört gut zu.
A good husband listens well.
gut = good/well · zuhören = to listen (separable). "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ, same as "der."
Akk Ihre Schwester wünscht sich einen treuen Ehemann.
Her sister wishes for a faithful husband.
die Schwester, -n = sister · sich wünschen = to wish for · treu = faithful. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen) — mirrors der → den.
Dat Die Firma bietet den Ehemännern der Angestellten einen Rabatt.
The company offers the employees' husbands a discount.
die Firma, Firmen = company · der/die Angestellte, -n = employee · der Rabatt, -e = discount. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Ehemänner adds "-n" (Ehemänner → Ehemännern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s.
ehrlich — honest
Related noun: die Ehrlichkeit (honesty). "Um ehrlich zu sein" = "to be honest," a common conversational filler.
Der Junge gab eine ehrliche Antwort.
The boy gave an honest answer.
der Junge, -n = boy · geben = to give · die Antwort, -en = answer. "Ehrliche" — feminin Akkusativ weak-adjective ending (-e) after "eine." The dictionary's own example.
das Ei — egg
Plural: die Eier. Bundles two descriptive phrases from the source, not separate words — "das gekochte Ei" (boiled egg) and "das hart gekochte Ei" (hard-boiled egg) are just "Ei" plus a participial adjective, so they're folded in here rather than getting their own entries. "Das Rührei" (scrambled egg) is a genuinely distinct compound noun and gets its own entry directly below. The dictionary's own example uses "die Spiegeleier" (fried/sunny-side-up eggs) — another Ei-compound, not separately headworded in the source.
Nom Das Ei ist frisch.
The egg is fresh.
das Ei (neutral) = egg · frisch = fresh. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Ei is the subject.
Akk Ich koche das Ei fünf Minuten.
I cook the egg for five minutes.
kochen = to cook/boil · die Minute, -n = minute. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Aus dem Ei schlüpft ein Küken.
A chick hatches from the egg.
aus = out of/from (+ Dativ) · schlüpfen = to hatch · das Küken = chick. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "aus."
Nom Ein Ei liegt im Nest.
An egg lies in the nest.
liegen = to lie/be located · das Nest, -er = nest. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same as "das."
Akk Ich brauche noch ein Ei für den Kuchen.
I still need an egg for the cake.
brauchen = to need · der Kuchen = cake. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite looks identical to Nominativ — the article never changes for neuter nouns between these two cases.
Dat Carole bereitet das Frühstück mit den frischen Eiern zu.
Carole prepares breakfast with the fresh eggs.
zubereiten = to prepare (separable) · das Frühstück = breakfast. Plural Dativ: the article is "den", and Ei adds "-n" (Eier → Eiern) since it doesn't already end in -n or -s. Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used "Spiegeleier" (fried eggs) instead of the plain plural.
das Rührei — scrambled egg
A compound of "rühren" (to stir) + "das Ei" (egg) — literally "stirred egg." Like other egg dishes (Spiegelei, gekochtes Ei), it's usually treated as a mass noun in everyday use ("Ich esse Rührei"), so this entry skips the indefinite-article and plural drills.
Nom Das Rührei schmeckt lecker.
The scrambled eggs taste delicious.
das Rührei (neutral) = scrambled egg · schmecken = to taste · lecker = delicious. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Rührei is the subject.
Akk Ich mache das Rührei mit Käse.
I'm making the scrambled eggs with cheese.
machen = to make · der Käse = cheese. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Zu dem Rührei isst er gern Toast.
He likes to eat toast with his scrambled eggs.
zu = with/alongside (+ Dativ) · der Toast = toast. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "zu."
die Eiche — oak
Plural: die Eichen. The wood, "Eiche" (oak, as a material), is used without an article, as in the dictionary's own example.
Nom Die Eiche steht seit hundert Jahren im Garten.
The oak has stood in the garden for a hundred years.
die Eiche (feminin) = oak · stehen = to stand · der Garten, ä- = garden. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Eiche is the subject.
Akk Der Sturm fällt die alte Eiche.
The storm fells the old oak.
der Sturm, ü-e = storm · fällen = to fell/cut down. Feminine nouns keep "die" in both Nominativ and Akkusativ — no change here.
Dat Der Tisch ist ganz aus der alten Eiche gemacht.
The table is made entirely from the old oak.
ganz = entirely · aus = out of/from (+ Dativ) · machen = to make. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der) after "aus." Adapted from the dictionary's own example, which used "Eiche" without an article, describing the material.
Nom Eine Eiche wächst sehr langsam.
An oak grows very slowly.
wachsen = to grow · langsam = slowly. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite, no extra ending.
Akk Wir pflanzen eine Eiche im Hof.
We are planting an oak in the yard.
pflanzen = to plant · der Hof, ö-e = yard/courtyard. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine indefinite is unchanged from Nominativ.
Dat Der Wald besteht hauptsächlich aus den alten Eichen.
The forest consists mainly of the old oaks.
der Wald, ä-er = forest · bestehen aus = to consist of (+ Dativ) · hauptsächlich = mainly. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Eichen already ends in "-n" (from its own "-n" plural), so no further "-n" is added.