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German Student Dictionary — Part 31
Dictionary entries, alphabetical: Gladiole – grimmig.
Maskulin Feminin Neutrum Plural
die Gladiole — gladiola
Plural: die Gladiolen. A tall flowering plant popular in German gardens — the name comes from Latin "gladiolus," literally "little sword," for its blade-shaped leaves. Adapted below from the dictionary's own example, which used the bare plural "Gladiolen" with no article.
Nom Die Gladiole blüht im Frühsommer.
The gladiola blooms in early summer.
blühen = to bloom · der Frühsommer = early summer. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Gladiole is the subject.
Akk Meine Großmutter hatte die Gladiole im Garten.
My grandmother had the gladiola in the garden.
die Großmutter, ü- = grandmother · der Garten, ä- = garden. "Die" — feminin Akkusativ (die → die), unchanged from Nominativ. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Ihre Großmutter hatte schöne Gladiolen im Garten."), which used the bare plural with no article.
Dat Er riecht an der Gladiole.
He smells the gladiola.
riechen an (+Dativ) = to smell/sniff at. "Der" — feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine Gladiole steht in der Vase.
A gladiola stands in the vase.
die Vase, -n = vase. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Sie pflückt eine Gladiole für den Strauß.
She picks a gladiola for the bouquet.
pflücken = to pick · der Strauß, äu-e = bouquet. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Die Bienen fliegen zu den Gladiolen im Garten.
The bees fly to the gladiolas in the garden.
die Biene, -n = bee · fliegen zu (+Dativ) = to fly to. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Gladiolen already ends in "-n," so no further change.
das Glas — glass; jar
Plural: die Gläser (umlaut plural, no added ending — the usual pattern for a neuter monosyllable, like "das Buch" → "die Bücher"). Two senses bundled in the dictionary: a drinking glass or jar (countable, as in the examples below) and the material "glass" itself, used without an article — "aus Glas" = made of glass.
Nom Das Glas des Fensters ist zerbrochen.
The glass in the window is broken.
das Fenster, - = window · zerbrochen = broken. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Glas is the subject. Fixed the OCR-garbled "1st" → "ist" from the dictionary's own example.
Akk Der Kellner bringt das Glas an den Tisch.
The waiter brings the glass to the table.
der Kellner, - = waiter · bringen = to bring. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Aus dem Glas trinkt sie Orangensaft.
She drinks orange juice from the glass.
der Orangensaft, ä-e = orange juice. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "aus."
Nom Steht ein Glas Oliven im Kühlschrank?
Is there a jar of olives in the refrigerator?
die Olive, -n = olive · der Kühlschrank, ü-e = refrigerator. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ; Glas is the subject of the inverted question. Fixed the OCR-garbled "Kiihlschrank" → "Kühlschrank" from the dictionary's own example, unchanged otherwise.
Akk Ich nehme ein Glas aus dem Schrank.
I take a glass out of the cupboard.
der Schrank, ä-e = cupboard/cabinet. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite keeps the same form as Nominativ ("ein" → "ein") — unlike masculine, which shifts to "einen."
Dat Wir trinken Wein aus den Gläsern.
We drink wine from the glasses.
der Wein, -e = wine. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Glas takes the umlaut plural Gläser, adding "-n" → Gläsern.
glauben — to believe
Regular weak verb: ich glaube, du glaubst, er/sie/es glaubt, wir glauben, ihr glaubt, sie/Sie glauben — cleaned up from the dictionary's garbled conjugation table. Fixed pattern: glauben an + Akkusativ = to believe in (someone/something).
Ich glaube, dass die Geschichte wahr ist.
I believe that the story is true.
die Geschichte, -n = story · wahr = true. "Dass" introduces a subordinate clause, pushing the conjugated verb ("ist") to the end. Fixed the OCR-garbled "daJ3" → "dass" and the dropped "Ich" (OCR'd as "/") from the dictionary's own example.
Ich glaube an dich.
I believe in you.
glauben an (+Akkusativ) = to believe in — a fixed prepositional pattern, different from plain "glauben [etwas]" (to believe [a fact]).
glaubhaft — believable
Built from "glauben" (to believe) + "-haft" (adjective suffix meaning "having the quality of") — literally "believable."
Seine Erklärung klingt glaubhaft.
His explanation sounds believable.
klingen = to sound · die Erklärung, -en = explanation. Predicate adjective after "klingen" — no ending.
unglaublich — unbelievable
"un-" (negating prefix) + "glaublich" (believable) — the everyday word for "unbelievable," often used as an exclamation.
Diese Geschichte ist unglaublich!
This story is unbelievable!
diese = this. Predicate adjective after "sein" — no ending.
gleich — equal
Also means "same," or, as an adverb, "right away/in a moment" (e.g. "Ich komme gleich" = I'll be right there).
Beide Hälften sind gleich.
Both halves are equal.
beide = both · die Hälfte, -n = half. Predicate adjective after "sein" — no ending. Fixed the OCR-garbled "Halften" → "Hälften" from the dictionary's own example.
gleiten — to slide
Strong verb: gleiten, glitt, ist geglitten (takes "sein" in the perfect tense, like other verbs of motion). Present tense is regular: ich gleite, du gleitest, er/sie/es gleitet, wir gleiten, ihr gleitet, sie/Sie gleiten — cleaned up from the dictionary's garbled conjugation table.
Die Eisläufer gleiten über das Eis.
The skaters slide across the ice.
der Eisläufer, - = skater · das Eis = ice. Fixed the OCR-garbled "Eislaufer" → "Eisläufer" and "iiber" → "über" from the dictionary's own example.
die Glocke — bell
Plural: die Glocken. Common in church towers ("Kirchturm") and cowbells ("Kuhglocke"); also the shape term for a bell-shaped skirt or lampshade.
Nom Die Glocke läutet um zwölf Uhr.
The bell rings at twelve o'clock.
läuten = to ring (of bells). "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Glocke is the subject.
Akk Es gibt die Glocke im Kirchturm.
The bell is there in the church tower.
es gibt + Akkusativ = there is/are · der Kirchturm, ü-e = church tower/steeple. "Die" — feminin Akkusativ (die → die), unchanged from Nominativ. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Es gibt eine Glocke im Kirchturm."), which used the indefinite article "eine"; here it's definite for the drill.
Dat Neben der Glocke hängt ein altes Schild.
Next to the bell hangs an old sign.
neben + Dativ (stative location) = next to · das Schild, -er = sign. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine Glocke hängt hoch oben im Turm.
A bell hangs high up in the tower.
der Turm, ü-e = tower. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Der Handwerker gießt eine neue Glocke.
The craftsman casts a new bell.
der Handwerker, - = craftsman · gießen = to cast/pour. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Die Touristen lauschen den Glocken der Kathedrale.
The tourists listen to the bells of the cathedral.
lauschen + Dativ = to listen to · die Kathedrale, -n = cathedral. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Glocken already ends in "-n," so no further change.
das Glück — luck; happiness
A mass noun like "Fett" or "Blut" — no natural plural and rarely an indefinite article in this sense, so this entry skips those drills. Fixed phrases bundled in the dictionary's entry: Glück haben = to be lucky, and Viel Glück! = Good luck! — both used without any article, typical for this abstract noun.
Nom Das Glück ist heute auf unserer Seite.
Luck is on our side today.
die Seite, -n = side. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Glück is the subject.
Akk Der Spieler hatte das Glück des Abends im Kasino.
The player had the luck of the evening at the casino.
der Spieler, - = player · das Kasino, -s = casino. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das). Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Hast du im Kasino Glück gehabt?"), which used the fixed phrase "Glück haben" without any article.
Dat Wir verdanken den Erfolg dem Glück.
We owe the success to luck.
verdanken + Dativ = to owe (something to someone/something) · der Erfolg, -e = success. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
glücklich — happy
Built from "das Glück" (luck/happiness) + "-lich" (adjective suffix) — literally "lucky/happy."
Wenn ich eine gute Note bekomme, bin ich glücklich.
I am happy when I get a good grade.
die Note, -n = grade · bekommen = to get/receive. Predicate adjective after "sein" — no ending. Fixed the OCR-garbled "gliicklich" → "glücklich" from the dictionary's own example.
die Glückwünsche — congratulations
Plural of "der Glückwunsch" (a congratulatory wish); almost always used in the plural, like English "congratulations." Fixed exclamation bundled in the dictionary's entry: Herzliche Glückwünsche! = Congratulations! (literally "heartfelt best wishes"), as in the dictionary's own example.
Nom Die Glückwünsche erreichen sie rechtzeitig zum Geburtstag.
The congratulations reach her in time for the birthday.
erreichen = to reach · rechtzeitig = in time · der Geburtstag, -e = birthday. "Die" — Nominativ plural, the article used for every gender in the plural.
Akk Wir senden die Glückwünsche per E-Mail.
We send the congratulations by email.
senden = to send. "Die" stays "die" in Akkusativ plural — the article never distinguishes Nominativ from Akkusativ in the plural.
Dat Er fügt den Glückwünschen ein kleines Geschenk hinzu.
He adds a small gift to the congratulations.
hinzufügen + Dativ (separable) = to add (to) · das Geschenk, -e = gift. "Den" — Dativ plural always uses this article; Glückwünsche adds "-n" → Glückwünschen.
das Gold — gold
A mass noun like "Eisen" or "Silber" — no plural or indefinite article in this metal sense, so this entry skips those drills. Fixed phrase: "aus Gold" = made of gold — no article needed, as in the dictionary's own example below.
Nom Das Gold glänzt in der Sonne.
The gold shines in the sun.
glänzen = to shine/glisten · die Sonne, -n = sun. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Gold is the subject.
Akk Der Juwelier poliert das Gold.
The jeweler polishes the gold.
der Juwelier, -e = jeweler · polieren = to polish. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ (das → das).
Dat Aus dem Gold entsteht ein wertvoller Ring.
A valuable ring is made from the gold.
entstehen aus (+Dativ) = to arise/result from · wertvoll = valuable · der Ring, -e = ring. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "aus." Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Ist diese Halskette aus Gold?"), which uses no article at all, as is typical for a bare material noun after "aus." Fixed the OCR-garbled "1st" → "Ist."
das Golfspiel — golf
Plural: die Golfspiele. The dictionary bundles the idiom Golf spielen = to play golf (using the bare sport name "Golf," with no article, the way German names most sports — "Fußball spielen," "Tennis spielen") with its own example: "Wir spielen im Sommer Golf." (We play golf in the summer.) "Golfplatz" (golf course) is common enough to get its own entry below.
Nom Das Golfspiel dauert vier Stunden.
The game of golf takes four hours.
dauern = to last/take (time). "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Golfspiel is the subject.
Akk Er gewinnt das Golfspiel knapp.
He narrowly wins the golf game.
gewinnen = to win · knapp = narrowly/just barely. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ.
Dat Nach dem Golfspiel gehen wir essen.
After the golf game we go eat.
nach + Dativ = after. "Dem" because neutral Dativ (das → dem).
Nom Ein Golfspiel beginnt am frühen Morgen.
A golf game begins early in the morning.
beginnen = to begin · früh = early. "Ein" — no ending before neutral Nominativ, same pattern as "das."
Akk Wir planen ein Golfspiel für Samstag.
We're planning a golf game for Saturday.
planen = to plan. Neutral Akkusativ indefinite keeps the same form as Nominativ ("ein" → "ein") — unlike masculine, which shifts to "einen."
Dat Bei den Golfspielen im Sommer wird es oft heiß.
During the golf games in summer it often gets hot.
bei + Dativ = during/at · heiß = hot. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Golfspiele adds "-n" → Golfspielen.
der Golfplatz — golf course
Plural: die Golfplätze (umlaut plural, from "der Platz" → "die Plätze").
Nom Der Golfplatz liegt direkt am Meer.
The golf course is right by the sea.
liegen = to lie/be located · das Meer, -e = sea. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Golfplatz is the subject.
Akk Wir besuchen den Golfplatz am Wochenende.
We visit the golf course on the weekend.
besuchen = to visit · das Wochenende, -n = weekend. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Golfplatz is the direct object.
Dat Auf dem Golfplatz ist es sehr ruhig.
It's very quiet at the golf course.
auf + Dativ (stative location) = at/on · ruhig = quiet. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem) after "auf."
Nom Ein Golfplatz entsteht am Stadtrand.
A golf course is being built on the edge of town.
entstehen = to come into being/be built · der Stadtrand, ä-er = edge of town. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Die Stadt plant einen neuen Golfplatz.
The city is planning a new golf course.
die Stadt, ä-e = city · planen = to plan. "Einen" — maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Auf den Golfplätzen der Region spielen viele Touristen.
Many tourists play on the golf courses of the region.
die Region, -en = region. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Golfplätze adds "-n" → Golfplätzen.
der Gorilla — gorilla
Plural: die Gorillas (foreign loanword — adds "-s" rather than "-n," so it stays unchanged in the Dativ plural too). Not a weak noun, despite ending in "-a."
Nom Der Gorilla erschreckt mich.
The gorilla scares me.
erschrecken = to scare/frighten. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ. Gorilla is the subject. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Dieser Gorilla erschreckt mich!"), which used the demonstrative "dieser" instead of "der."
Akk Der Wärter füttert den Gorilla am Morgen.
The keeper feeds the gorilla in the morning.
der Wärter, - = keeper · füttern = to feed. "Den" because maskulin Akkusativ (der → den). Gorilla is the direct object.
Dat Die Besucher applaudieren dem Gorilla im Zoo.
The visitors applaud the gorilla at the zoo.
applaudieren + Dativ = to applaud · der Zoo, -s = zoo. "Dem" because maskulin Dativ (der → dem).
Nom Ein Gorilla klettert auf den Baum.
A gorilla climbs the tree.
klettern = to climb · der Baum, ä-e = tree. "Ein" — no ending before maskulin Nominativ.
Akk Wir beobachten einen Gorilla im Regenwald.
We observe a gorilla in the rainforest.
beobachten = to observe · der Regenwald, ä-er = rainforest. "Einen" because maskulin Akkusativ indefinite (ein → einen).
Dat Der Tierpfleger gibt den Gorillas frisches Obst.
The zookeeper gives the gorillas fresh fruit.
der Tierpfleger, - = zookeeper · das Obst = fruit. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Gorillas already ends in "-s" as a loanword plural, so no further ending is added.
grandios — splendid
A borrowed intensifier, close to English "grandiose," but used more positively in everyday German to mean "fantastic/splendid."
Das Feuerwerk ist grandios!
The fireworks are splendid!
das Feuerwerk, -e = fireworks. Predicate adjective after "sein" — no ending.
das Gras — grass
A mass noun like "Sand" or "Erde" — no plural or indefinite article in everyday use, so this entry skips those drills. The technical plural "die Gräser" exists only in botanical contexts (types of grasses).
Nom Das Gras auf diesem Feld ist sehr hoch.
The grass in this field is very high.
das Feld, -er = field · hoch = high/tall. "Das" — neutral Nominativ. Gras is the subject. The dictionary's own example, unchanged.
Akk Der Gärtner mäht das Gras jeden Samstag.
The gardener mows the grass every Saturday.
der Gärtner, - = gardener · mähen = to mow. Neutral Akkusativ keeps the same form as Nominativ.
Dat Die Kinder liegen im Gras und lesen ein Buch.
The children lie in the grass and read a book.
liegen = to lie (be lying down) · lesen = to read. "Im" = in dem — neutral Dativ (das → dem) after "in" (stative — describing where).
grau — gray
Also used for gray hair specifically: "graue Haare," or idiomatically "grau werden" (to go gray).
Der Bart meines Großvaters ist grau.
My grandfather's beard is gray.
der Bart, ä-e = beard · der Großvater, ä- = grandfather. Predicate adjective after "sein" — no ending. Fixed the OCR-garbled "GroBvaters" → "Großvaters" from the dictionary's own example.
grausam — ferocious
Also covers "cruel" toward people, not just an animal's fierce appearance.
Dieser Hund sieht grausam aus.
This dog looks ferocious.
aussehen (separable) = to look/appear · der Hund, -e = dog. Predicate adjective after "aussehen" — no ending.
Griechenland — Greece
Neuter country name, used without an article (no "das Griechenland"), like most countries. Related words bundled in the dictionary's entry: Grieche, der (-in, f.) = a Greek person, and griechisch = the adjective "Greek" — see their own entries just below.
Nom Griechenland liegt in Südosteuropa.
Greece is located in Southeastern Europe.
liegen = to lie/be located · Südosteuropa = Southeastern Europe. No article — Griechenland is the subject directly.
Akk Wir besuchen Griechenland im Urlaub.
We are visiting Greece on vacation.
besuchen = to visit · der Urlaub, -e = vacation. No article/ending change — country names without an article stay the same in every case.
Dat Athen ist die Hauptstadt von Griechenland.
Athens is the capital of Greece.
die Hauptstadt, ä-e = capital city. No article/ending change for the country name itself. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Athen ist die Hauptstadt Griechenlands."), which used the genitive "-s" ending; rephrased with "von" + Dativ, since Genitiv isn't part of this drill set.
der Grieche — Greek (person)
Feminine: die Griechin (plural die Griechinnen). Weak noun — like "der Franzose" — adds "-n" in every case except Nominativ singular: der Grieche, but den/dem Griechen; plural die Griechen.
Nom Der Grieche wohnt seit zehn Jahren in Berlin.
The Greek man has lived in Berlin for ten years.
der Grieche, -n (maskulin, schwach) = Greek person/Greek man · wohnen = to live/reside. "Der" — maskulin Nominativ; weak nouns are unmarked in the Nominativ singular.
Akk Ich besuche den Griechen in seinem Restaurant.
I visit the Greek man in his restaurant.
das Restaurant, -s = restaurant. "Den Griechen" — the weak noun adds "-n" in Akkusativ, unlike a regular masculine noun.
Dat Der Lehrer gibt dem Griechen ein Buch.
The teacher gives the Greek man a book.
geben + Dativ (for the recipient) = to give · das Buch, ü-er = book. "Dem Griechen" — the weak noun keeps the "-n" in Dativ too.
Nom Ein Grieche eröffnet ein neues Café.
A Greek man opens a new café.
eröffnen = to open. "Ein" — no ending, and no weak "-n" either: weak nouns never add "-n" in Nominativ singular.
Akk Wir kennen einen Griechen aus dem Sprachkurs.
We know a Greek man from the language course.
kennen = to know · der Sprachkurs, -e = language course. "Einen Griechen" — the weak-noun "-n" appears here too, even though the article is indefinite.
Dat Der Reiseleiter erklärt den Griechen die Route.
The tour guide explains the route to the Greeks.
der Reiseleiter, - = tour guide · die Route, -n = route. Plural Dativ: article "den"; Griechen already ends in "-n" (from the plural and the weak declension together), so no further change.
griechisch — Greek (adjective)
Lowercase, unlike the nouns Grieche/Griechenland — compare: Amerika/amerikanisch, Frankreich/französisch.
Ich esse gern griechischen Joghurt.
I like eating Greek yogurt.
der Joghurt, -s = yogurt. "-en" ending — maskulin Akkusativ with no preceding article (strong adjective ending).
Die griechische Sprache ist sehr alt.
The Greek language is very old.
die Sprache, -n = language · alt = old. "-e" ending after "die" (feminine Nominativ, weak adjective ending).
die Grille — cricket
Plural: die Grillen. Adapted below from the dictionary's own example, which used the bare plural "Grillen" with no article.
Nom Die Grille zirpt die ganze Nacht.
The cricket chirps all night.
zirpen = to chirp · die Nacht, ä-e = night. "Die" — feminin Nominativ. Grille is the subject.
Akk Im Sommer hören wir abends die Grille vor dem Fenster.
In the summer we hear the cricket outside the window in the evenings.
hören = to hear · das Fenster, - = window. "Die" — feminin Akkusativ (die → die), unchanged from Nominativ. Adapted from the dictionary's own example ("Im Sommer hören wir abends Grillen."), which used the bare plural.
Dat Neben der Grille sitzt ein Frosch.
Next to the cricket sits a frog.
neben + Dativ (stative location) = next to · der Frosch, ö-e = frog. "Der" because feminin Dativ (die → der).
Nom Eine Grille versteckt sich im Gras.
A cricket hides in the grass.
sich verstecken = to hide. "Eine" — feminin Nominativ indefinite.
Akk Das Kind fängt eine Grille im Garten.
The child catches a cricket in the garden.
fangen = to catch · der Garten, ä- = garden. "Eine" stays "eine" in Akkusativ — feminine nouns don't change between Nominativ and Akkusativ.
Dat Die Kinder lauschen den Grillen im Garten.
The children listen to the crickets in the garden.
lauschen + Dativ = to listen to. Plural Dativ: the article is "den"; Grillen already ends in "-n," so no further change.
grimmig — fierce
Often used for the fierce/gruff expression of a wild animal or an angry face, not necessarily actual cruelty (compare "grausam").
Wilde Tiere sind grimmig.
Wild animals are fierce.
wild = wild · das Tier, -e = animal. Predicate adjective after "sein" — no ending.